• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.257-270
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• 1987

Fouling communities developing in Jinhae Harbor and Masan Bay were studied by slide and panel immersion test during the period from Dec., 1982 to Nov., 1983. The total viable count of bacteria was estimated more than 1.7${\times}$ 10$\^$4/CFU/$\textrm{cm}^2$ after 15 days of immersion and 46 taxa of benthic diatoms were classified in micro-community. Progressional change of fouling communities was clearly shown and dominant diatom species are Licmophora flavellata, Navicula grevillei, and Nitzschia closterium Major macrofouling organisms are Mytilus edulis, Balanus amphitrite amphitrite, Hydroides ezoensis, and Celleporina sp. Wet weight production of macrofouling organisms exceeds 500g/100cm$\^$2/ after 5months of immersion. Regional defferences in community development are clearly shown in two study areas, and mainly due to the disparities of physicochemical stability and nutritional status of ambient water. Seasonality of larvae and the growth rate are the important factors in fouling community development. Overall process of community development is as follow : bacteria and diatoms-multicellular algae-barnacle, mussels and polychaete-sponge, anemone and ascidian.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2007

The feeding habits of sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus were studied by examining the stomach contents of 2,115 specimens collected between April 2003 and March 2004 in the East Sea of Korea. The standard length (SL) of the specimens ranged from 9.8 to 22.9 cm. The main prey items of A. japonicus were amphipods, mysids, cephalopods and fishes. They showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Individuals of small size (9~16 cm, SL) fed mainly on small prey organisms such as mysids and amphipods. However, more cephalopods and fishes were consumed with increasing fish size (16~23 cm, SL).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.225-236
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• 2006

Seagrass meadows are considered as critical habitats for a wide variety of marine organisms in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. In many cases, studies on the spatial/temporal distribution of seagrass have depended on direct observations using SCUBA diving. As an alternative method fur studying seagrass distribution, an application of hydroacoustic technique has been assessed for mapping seagrass distribution in Dongdae Bay, on the south coast of Korea, in September 2005. Data were collected using high frequency transducer (420 kHz split-beam), which was installed with towed body system. The system was linked to DGPS to make goo-referenced data. Additionally, in situ seagrass distribution has been observed using underwater cameras and SCUBA diving at four stations in order to compare with acoustic data. Acoustic survey was conducted along 23 transects with 3-4 blot ship speed. Seagrass beds were vertically limited to depths less than 3.5m and seagrass height ranged between 55 and 90cm at the study sites. Dense seagmss beds were mainly found at the entrance of the bay and at a flat area around the center of the bay. Although the study area was a relatively small, the vertical and spatial distributions of the seagrass were highly variable with bathymetry and region. Considering dominant species, Zostera marina L., preliminary estimation of seagrass biomass with acoustic and direct sampling data was approximately $56.55g/m^2$, and total biomass of 104 tones (coefficient variation: 25.77%) was estimated at the study area. Hydroacoustic method provided valuable information to understand distribution pattern and to estimate seagrass biomass.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of routine haecho bibimbab (boiled rice with assorted seaweed mixtures) consumption on the bowel habits in humans. Forty free-living adults (female 38, male 2) participated in this study (mean age $41.2\;{\pm}\;7.5$). After a baseline survey on general characteristics, life style and dietary habits, the participants were asked to consume haecho bibimbab during two-week period for lunch. Habitual bowel movements were checked out every day by a questionnaire and nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hour recalls before and after the study. After 2 weeks of clinical trial, the bowel habits had improved. Haecho bibimbab increased the number of bowel movements, changed hard stools into softer ones. It also lessen the sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain during defecation, increased water intake (p < 0.001) and improved gastrointestinal problem. The participants believed that haecho bibimbab was effective in improving their constipation symptoms and bowel habits (p < 0.01). Routine haecho bibimbab consumption tended to increase especially vitamin A, E and folate intake (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that routine seaweed-based lunch meal (haecho bibimbab) consumption may improve bowel habits without side effects.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2000

Substrate improvement, maturation period and method of pinheading promotion were investigated to establish the culture method of Lyopyllum ulmarium which could obtained high yield in the short culture period. Rice bran+wheat bran (10%+10%) combination was selected from various additives, which showed vigorous growth of fruit body and high yield (133.8 g/850 cc). Oyster shells powder substance increased yield to 155.5 g per 850 cc capacity bottle. The suitable method for pinheading promotion was to stand the bottle reversely. The number of fruit bodies per 850 cc capacity bottle in this method was 27.2 stipes and bunch formation was good. When the maturation period of mycelium culture was 15 days to 30 days, pinheading period was 10 days. But when the maturing mycelium was 30 to 45 days, yield per 850 cc bottle was 148.2 g.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2016

Marine bacteria have represented unique physiologies and products which are not discovered from terrestrial organisms. There has been great interest to utilize and develop marine bacteria in many industrial sectors. Recently, we isolated and characterized anaerobic bacteria from various marine environments in Korea to search organic acids fermenting strains. From our enrichment performed under anaerobic condition, 65 strains were isolated and identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Among them, eleven strains were selected for phylogenetical and biochemical analysis. All tested strains were affiliated with Class Clostridia except one with Class Bacteroidia. Most of strains produce acetate (6 strains) with butyrate (2 strains) and/or formate (4 strains). Strain MCWD5 transformed 40% of glucose to extracellular polymeric substances. These results indicate that many novel anaerobic microorganisms which have great potential in commercial application are distributed in the marine environments of Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.14
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• pp.38-51
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• 2002

The first priority we face in the conservation of wall paintings, is the conservation of painting layer. The 'painting layer' is sometimes called the pigment layer, and refers to the painted surface. For the consolidation of this painting layer we use 'fixative'. Fixative is a common adhesive which has been used in various field and conservators have made up for the weak points in the consolidation of wall paintings. In my thesis, I will summarise the range of use, standards of selection, and results of research on the use of fixative in the conservation of European paintings. In addition, I will describe various kinds of our traditional fixatives. As synthetic resins have proved that it is not ideal as a fixative for wall painting, conservators have studied to find an alternative. Same as European conservators, Asian scientists has researched to find alternative fixative which is more suitable to the wall paintings in Asia based on their traditional techniques and materials. Therefore, 1 have studied to find an adequate fixative for our own wall paintings and I could conclude that we can consider traditional fixative which is made of 'seaweeds' as an alternative and it is very important to proceed research and experiment on this material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Power plant is the important infrastructure to generate electricity. This plant in normally located next to river and seashore in order to take cooling water through intake. However, the plant is stopped when marine organism blocks the intake, and it caused damages by social and commercial. Therefore, air bubble barrier has been used to block marine organism in order to operate the plant properly. The aim of this study was to test the rates of cut off of floating substance by air bubble barrier to develop the facility for the plant. The test was conducted by current velocity, pressure of air, specific gravity of the substance and the layer of the barrier, and the result showed the blocking rates by the condition. It will be used as basic data to develop the air bubble barrier and to operate power plant properly from the marine organism.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.108-123
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• 2018

This paper focuses on the relationship between center and periphery by discussing the circulation of rare resources, such as bronze, stamped hard pottery, and proto-porcelain. The discussion includes two parts: the internal Shang culture region and the region outside of Shang. Within the Shang culture region, all the resources mentioned above were brought from different places to the Panlongcheng site and then transferred to Zhengzhou Shang city. On the other hand, they also produced and consumed the resources in a special way, which indicates a certain degree of independence. Outside the Shang region, bronze products and maybe even raw copper resources were circulated from Zhengzhou Shang city to the Chengyang site, while stamped hard pottery and proto-porcelain were transferred to Zhengzhou through the Panlongcheng site. Resource circulation was bi-directional. Thus, this resource circulation was one of the key factors to building the relationship between center and periphery.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.615-625
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• 2021

The coastal areas around Palau Island and Tonga Island, near the Pacific equator, consist of coral reefs, mangrove and seaweed. In particular, understanding the optical properties of sea surface water in coral reef habitats helps improve the accuracy of remote sensing based habitat mapping and identify tropical ecosystem characteristics. Here, we collected spectral characteristics of sea surface water of Palau Island and Tonga Island and analyzed the concentration of suspended matters, absorption coefficient, and remote sensing reflectance to understand the seawater characteristics of the coral reef habitats. Based on the results of the suspended matter concentration analysis, we developed and verified an empirical algorithm to derive the concentration from satellite data using remote sensing reflectance of three bands, 555, 625, 660 nm, showed a high determinant coefficient, 0.98. In conclusion, coral reef habitats in tropical regions are characterized by CASE-I water in terms of the marine optics with oligotrophic properties, and require monitoring using continuous collection and analysis of field data.