• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.29-38
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• 2010

The steel pipe of steel-concrete composite piles increases the pile strength and induces the ductile failure by constraining the deformation of the hiller concrete. In this research, the load-movement relations and the reinforcement effect by the outer steel pipe in the steel-concrete composite pile were analyzed by performing three-dimensional numerical analyses, which can simulate the yielding behavior of pile material and the elasto-plastic behavior of soils. The parameters analyzed in the study include three pile materials of steel, concrete and composite, pile diameter, pile distance and loading direction. The results showed that the axial capacity of the composite pile was about 90% larger than that of the steel pipe pile while similar to that of the concrete pile. At the allowable movement criteria, the horizontal capacity of the composite pile was about 50% lager than that of the steel pile and about 22% larger than that of the concrete pile.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.232-232
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• 2021

수재해 저감과 예방을 위해서는 공간적 변동성을 반영한 정확한 면적 강우량의 측정은 필수적이다. 이러한 요구에 부응하기 위해 24 GHz 이중편파 전자파를 기반으로 소규모 공간 범위에 대해 저고도의 지상 강우를 30 m의 거리해상도로 관측할 수 있는 전파강수계가 개발되었다. 전파강수계는 시제품이 개발된 이래로 한국건설기술연구원 연천센터와 국내 여러 현장과 인도네시아 등에서 시험을 실시하였다. 임상훈 등(2020)은 전파강수계의 반사도와 비차등위상차를 이용한 강우 추정식을 개발하여 연천 및 거제 관측 자료에 적용한 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 연천센터에 분산 배치한 우량계 자료를 이용하여 전파강수계의 강우 공간분포 측정 성능을 평가하였다. 공간우량계는 15대 중 음영구역 바깥에서 정상 작동한 7개의 0.5mm급 우량계 자료와 핏게이지에 있는 0.2mm급 우량계 2대가 비교에 사용되었다. 전파강수계 강우강도는 비교 위치에 해당하는 점 주변의 레이 방향 5개(37.5 m에 해당) 및 방위각 방향 5개 게이트 등 총 25개의 복셀에서 산출된 강우 정보를 평균하여 비교하였다. 정확도는 지상우량계를 참값으로 보고 MAE(Mean absolute error)로 평가하였다. 그 결과 평균 4.2%의 오차를 보였으며, 우량계의 오차를 ±5%로 가정할 경우 3.3~7.9%로 나타났다. 전파강수계의 누적 강우량 값은 강우계에 비해 작은데, 이는 지속적인 관측을 통해 강우 산정의 정확도를 개선하는 것이 필요함을 의미한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2021

2020년의 경우 대기 상층 제트기류가 크게 강화됨에 따라 작은 규모의 저기압의 발달이 평년보다 두 배 이상 증가하였고, 그로 인해 장마가 최대 54일가량 지속되며 1조 371억 원 가량의 대규모 침수피해가 발생하였다. 이와 같이 최근 기후변화로 인한 이상 기후가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으며, 그로 인해 홍수, 태풍과 같은 재난의 강도 및 파급되는 재산피해가 점차 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후변화를 고려하여 향후 30년간 강우량 변화 추이를 파악하고, 이에 따라 파급되는 재난피해 규모의 증가 추세를 확인하고자 하였다. 기후변화 시나리오는 IPCC AR6(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Sixth Assessment Report)에서 제시하고 있는 시나리오 중 극한 시나리오인 SSP5-8.5와 안정화 시나리오인 SSP2-4.5 시나리오를 활용하고자 하였다. GCM(General Circulation Model) 자료는 전 지구적 모형으로 공간적 해상도가 낮은 문제가 있기 때문에, 국내 적용을 위해서는 축소기법을 적용해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 공간적 축소를 위해 통계학적 기법 중 인공지능 기법을 적용하고 Reference data와 종관기상관측(ASOS)의 실측 강우 자료(1905 ~ 2014년)를 통해 학습된 모형의 정확도 검증을 수행하였다. 또한 연 강수량과 연도별 홍수피해의 규모 및 빈도를 확인하여 연도별 강수량 증가에 따른 피해 규모의 증가를 관계식을 도출하였다. 이후 최종적인 축소기법으로 모형을 통해 향후 2050년까지 부산광역시의 예측 강우량을 전망하여 연 강수량의 증가량과 피해 규모의 증가량을 전망해보고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과는 부산광역시의 예방단계 재난관리의 일환으로 적응형 기후변화 대책 수립에 기초 자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5C
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• pp.323-331
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• 2006

It is a recent worldwide trend that erosion characteristics of soil, the resistance factor against scour, are quantified and considered in the estimation of scour depths in fine-grained soils. As part of the efforts, local erosion characteristics on fine-grained soils of the West Coast area are analyzed through scour rate experiments, where a lot of sea-crossing long-span bridges are planned and being constructed in recent years. Four sites including Incheon Bridge, Choji Bridge, Hwankyung Bridge, and Janghang area are finally selected for this study and the scour rate tests are performed using 34 undisturbed soil samples from the sites. The critical shear stresses which represent erodibility of the soil tend to be proportional to the undrained shear strength values. The relative ability of cohesive fine-grained soils to resist erosion is assumed to be higher than that of noncohesive soils. Quantified local erosion characteristics of fine-grained soils in the West Coast area are presented in forms of charts showing relationships between scour rates and shear stresses, and suggested as basic data for the estimation of scour depths and design of bridge foundations in the West Coast area.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 2023

Forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger around the world due to climate change. Remote sensing such as satellite images can be used as an alternative or assistance data because it reduces various difficulties of field survey. Forest burn severity (differenced normalized burn ratio, dNBR) is calculated through the difference in normalized burn ratio (NBR) before and after a forest fire. The images used in the NBR formula are based on Landsat's near-infrared (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) bands. South Korea's satellite images don't have a SWIR band. So domestic studies related to forest burn severity calculated dNBR using overseas images or indirectly using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using South Korea's satellite images. Therefore, in this study, dNBR was calculated by substituting the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) band of Kompsat-3A (K3A) instead of the SWIR band in the NBR formula. The results were compared with the dNBR results obtained through Landsat which is the standard for dNBR formula. As a result, it was shown that dNBR using K3A's MWIR band has a wider range of values and can be expressed in more detail than dNBR using Landsat's SWIR band. Therefore, it is considered that K3A images will be highly useful in surveying burn areas and severity affected by forest fires. In addition, this study used the K3A's MWIR band images degraded to 30 m. It is considered that much better results will be obtained if a higher-resolution MWIR band is used.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find a scheme to scale down the KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) digital precipitation maps to the grid cell resolution comparable to the rural landscape scale in Korea. As a result, we suggest two steps procedure called RATER (Radar Assisted Topography and Elevation Revision) based on both radar echo data and a mountain precipitation model. In this scheme, the radar reflection intensity at the constant altitude of 1.5 km is applied first to the KMA local analysis and prediction system (KLAPS) 5 km grid cell to obtain 1 km resolution. For the second step the elevation and topography effect on the basis of 270 m digital elevation model (DEM) which represented by the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) is applied to the 1 km resolution data to produce the 270 m precipitation map. An experimental watershed with about $50km^2$ catchment area was selected for evaluating this scheme and automated rain gauges were deployed to 13 locations with the various elevations and slope aspects. 19 cases with 1 mm or more precipitation per day were collected from January to May in 2013 and the corresponding KLAPS daily precipitation data were treated with the second step procedure. For the first step, the 24-hour integrated radar echo data were applied to the KLAPS daily precipitation to produce the 1 km resolution data across the watershed. Estimated precipitation at each 1 km grid cell was then regarded as the real world precipitation observed at the center location of the grid cell in order to derive the elevation regressions in the PRISM step. We produced the digital precipitation maps for all the 19 cases by using RATER and extracted the grid cell values corresponding to 13 points from the maps to compare with the observed data. For the cases of 10 mm or more observed precipitation, significant improvement was found in the estimated precipitation at all 13 sites with RATER, compared with the untreated KLAPS 5 km data. Especially, reduction in RMSE was 35% on 30 mm or more observed precipitation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_1
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• pp.1353-1369
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• 2023

In the event of a disaster accident at sea, the scale of damage will vary due to weather effects such as wind, currents, and tidal waves, and it is obligatory to minimize the scale of damage by establishing appropriate control plans through quick on-site identification. In particular, it is difficult to identify pollutants that exist in a thin film at sea surface due to their relatively low viscosity and surface tension among pollutants discharged into the sea. Therefore, this study aims to develop an algorithm to detect suspended pollutants on the sea surface in RGB images using imaging equipment that can be easily used in the field, and to evaluate the performance of the algorithm using input data obtained from actual waters. The developed algorithm uses image enhancement techniques to improve the contrast between the intensity values of pollutants and general sea surfaces, and through histogram analysis, the background threshold is found,suspended solids other than pollutants are removed, and finally pollutants are classified. In this study, a real sea test using substitute materials was performed to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithm, and most of the suspended marine pollutants were detected, but the false detection area occurred in places with strong waves. However, the detection results are about three times better than the detection method using a single threshold in the existing algorithm. Through the results of this R&D, it is expected to be useful for on-site control response activities by detecting suspended marine pollutants that were difficult to identify with the naked eye at existing sites.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.398-410
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• 1982

Summer crops grown in uplands are greatly diversified and show a large variation in difference with year and location in Korea. The principal factor for the variation is weather, in which precipitation and temperature play a leading role and such a weather factors as wind, sun lights also influence production of the summer crops. Since artificial control of weather conditions as a main stress factor for crop production is almost impossible, it must be minimized only by an improvement of cultivation techniques and crop improvement. Precipitation plays a role as one of the most important factor for production of the summer crops and it is considered in two aspects, drought and excess moisture. This country, which belongs to monsoon territory, necessarily encounter one of this stress almost every year, even though the level is different. Therefore, the facilities for both drought and excess moisture are required, but actually it is not easy to complete for them. On this account, crops tolerant to drought, excess moisture and pests should be considered for establishing summer crops. For the districts damaged habitually every season, adequate crops should be cultured and appropriate method of planting, drainage and weed control should be applied diversely. Injuries by temperature is mainly attributed to lower temperature particularly in late fall and early spring, although higher temperature often causes some damages depending upon the kind of crops. Sometimes, lower temperature in summer season playa critical role for yield reduction in the summer crops. However, certain crops are prevented to some extent from this kind of stress by improving varieties tolerant to cold, hot weather or early maturing varieties. As is often the case, control of planting time or harvesting is able to be a good management for escaping the stress. Lodging, plant diseases and pests are considered as a direct or indirect damage due to weather stress, but these are characters able to be overcome by means of crop improvement and also controlled by other suitable methods. In addition, polytical supports capable of improving constitution of agriculture into modern industry is urgently required by programming of data for the damages, establishment of damage forecasting and compensation system.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2001

For veterinary imaging diagnosis, we obtained MR images of the canine brain, spine, kidney and pelvis from 3T MRI system which was equipped with the world first 3T active shield magnet. Spin echo (SE) and fast Spin Echo (FSE) images were obtained from the canine brain, spine, kidney and pelvis of normal and sick dogs using a homemade birdcage and transverse electromagnetic (TEM) resonators operating in quadrature and tuned to 128 MHz. In addition, we employed a homemade saddle shaped RF coil. Typical common acquisition parameters were as follows: matrix=512$\times$512, field of view (FOV)=20cm, slice thickness=3 w, number of excitations (NEX)=1. For T1-weighted MR images, we used TR=500 ms, TE=10 or 17.4 ms. For T2-weighted MR images, we used TR=4000 ms, TE=108 ms. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 3T system was measured 2.7 times greater than that of prevalent 1.57 system. The high resolution images acquired in this study represent more than a 4-fold increase in in-plane resolution relative to conventional images obtained with a 20 cm field of view and a 5 mm slice thickness. MR images obtained from 3T system revealed numerous small venous structures throughout the image plane and provided reasonable delineation between gray and white matter The present results demonstrate that the MR images from 3T system could provide better diagnostic quality of resolution and sensitivity than those of 1.5T system. The elevated SNR observed in the 3T high field magnetic resonance imaging can be utilized to acquire images with a level of resolution approaching the microscopic structural level under in vivo conditions. These images represent a significant advance in our ability to examine small anatomical features with noninvasive imaging methods. Moreover, MRI technique could begin to apply for veterinary medicine in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.481-489
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• 2004

Ship collisions and grounding continue to occur regardless of continuous efforts to prevent such accidents. With the increasing demand for safety at sea and for protection of the environment, it is of crucial importance to be able to reduce the probability of accidents, assess their consequences and ultimately minimize or prevent potential damages to the ships and the marine environment. Numerical simulations for actual collision problem are conducted with a special attention with respect to finite element size, fracture criteria and material properties, which require a careful consideration to improve the accuracy. A parametric analysis varying colliding speed, angle, design loading condition is conducted using nonlinear finite element analysis method for 46,00 dwt Product/chemical carrier. The relationship between the absorbed energy and indentation are derived quantitatively using the insights observed from this study, and a novel design concept for assessing the anti-collision performance are proposed.