• 프린팅코리아
• /
• v.7 no.9
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2008

해동기계의 투자는 협력업체들에게도 그대로 이어진다. 핵심 기계 부품을 그대로 양도해 언제 어디에서 생산을 해도 질적인 면에서 전혀 차이가 없는 해동기계의 라벨 인쇄기가 생산된다. 그만큼 치밀하고 꼼꼼하다. 이를 바탕으로 해동기계는 현재 말레이시아.동남아를 넘어 전 세계로 수출 판로를 넓혀 가고 있다. 해동기계가 개발에 성공한 라벨 인쇄기(HD-4530)시리즈는 국내 인쇄 기술력의 결정체라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 설계, 제작, 시공, 판매 등 어느 분야에도 국산 기술력이 배제된 곳이 없기 때문이다. 내수 경기가 불황을 타고 있지만 우수한 외국 기술에 맞서 가격과 품질 면에서 월등한 상승곡선을 타고 있는 해동기계를 들여다봤다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2006

The maintenance of continuity on food processing has created a need for the rapid reinstatement of many types of frozen fish to an ambient temperature and good condition. A number of thawing methods are in current use have also several disadvantages in thawing time. discoloration mass loss caused by drying, capital and running cost. These damages are, it is claimed, either eliminated or improves by the vacuum system. An experimental study on the thawing for hair tail and Yellow croaker by the vacuum system were carried out. The Yellow croaker thawing time with this vacuum system took out 170 minutes to reach from $-10.3^{\circ}C\;to\;-0.8^{\circ}C$ at 20mmHg abs. and hair tail thawing time 220 minutes to reach from $-12.2^{\circ}C\;to\;0^{\circ}C$ at 20mmHg abs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.305-310
• /
• 2001

배경: 판막대치술에 냉동보존판막의 이용은 감염에 대한 저항성과 탁월한 혈류역학으로 증가하고 있다. 판막육아세포의 생존율은 이식된 냉동보존 판막의 내구성에 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있고, 세포의 생존율은 warm ischemic time에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 냉동 보존하여 이식할수 있는 공여 판막의 warm ischemic time 의 적정치를 구하기 위하여, warm ischemic time에 다른 세포의 생존율을 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1.조직의 획득: 실제 판막을 냉동 보존하는 상황과 유사하게 하기 위하여 도살된 돼지의 심장과 폐를 밀봉한 상태로 4~8$^{\circ}C$로 냉장 보관하여 (warm ischemic time) 일정시간이 경과한 후, 심장과 폐에서 심장을 적출하여 4$^{\circ}C$하트만 용액에 24시간 보관하였다.(cold ischemic time). Warm ischemic time에 따라 2시간, 12시간, 24시간 36시간으로 4군으로 나누었으며, 각 군마다8개의 돼지 심자을 이용하였다. 2. 조직의 멸균: RRMI 1640에 항생제를 섞은 용액에 멸균하고, 3 냉동과 냉동보존; American tissue bank에서 제시한 냉동곡선에 따라 냉동하여, 액체질소 탱그에서 7일간 보존 후 해동하였다. 4. 생존율의 측정; 판막의 생존율 검사는 Triphan blue test로 하였고, 각각 warm ischemic period후 , cold ischemic period 후, 해동 후에 시행하였다. 5. 분석방법; 분석은 SAS program의 pearson correlation으로 하였다. 결과: 1. 멸균, 냉동과 냉동 보존하는 과정의 적합성을 규명하기 위하여 이 과정의 전과 후인 Cold ischemic period 후와 해동 후의 대동맥판막의 생존율의 차이를 비교한 결과, 차이가 없었다.(p =0.619). 2, warm ischemic time 과 warm ischemic period 후 , Cole ischemic period 후와 해동후의 대동맥판막의 생존율과의 correlation 은 각각 R= -0.857, -.0.673과 -0.549로 강하거나 , 혹은 뚜렷한 음성적 관계가 있었다. 삼천판막의 생존율과 대동맥판막의 생존율과 뚜렷한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론; 1. Warm ischemic time 이 길어지면 판막유아세포의 생존율이 감소하고, 12시간 이상되면 해동후의 판막육 아페포의 생존율이 50% 이하로 떨어졌다. 2. 본 연구에서 시행한 판막의 냉동보존방법은 세포의 생존율을 유지하는데 양호한 것으로 나타났으며 삼천판막으로 대동맥판막의 생존율을 예측해 볼 수 있다. 3. 그러나, 이식후 장기간 적절한 내구성을 갖기 위한 이식될 판막의 생존율은, 육아세포에 관한 여구가 좀 더 되어야 규명될 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2003

Background:Liquid nitrogen freezing techniques have already met with widespread success in biology and medicine as a means of long-term storage for cells and tissues. The use of cryoprotectants such as glycerol and dimethylsulphoxide to prevent ice crystal formation, with carefully controlled rates of freezing and thawing, allows both structure and viability to be retained almost indefinitely. Cryopreservation of various tissues has various con-trolled rates of freezing. Material and Method: To find the optimal freezing curve and the chamber temperature, we approached the thermodynamic calculation of tissues in two ways. One is the direct calculation method. We should know the thermophysical characteristics of all components, latent heat of fusion, area, density and volume, etc. This kind of calculation is so sophisticated and some variables may not be determined. The other is the indirect calculation method. We performed the tissue freezing with already used freezing curve and we observed the actual freezing curve of that tissue. And we modified the freezing curve with several steps of calculation, polynomial regression analysis, time constant calculation, thermal response calculation and inverse calculation of chamber temperature. Result: We applied that freezing program on mesenchymal stem cell, chondrocyte, and osteoblast. The tissue temperature decreased according to the ideal freezing curve without temperature rising. We did not find any differences in survival. The reason is postulated to be that freezing material is too small and contains cellular components. We expect the significant difference in cellular viability if the freezing curve is applied on a large scale of tissues. Conclusion: This program would be helpful in finding the chamber temperature for the ideal freezing curie easily.

• Journal of KSNVE
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.899-905
• /
• 1999

Construction equipment noise has caused much annoyance for a number of dwellers in nearby construction field and has become a very serious issure in our living environment. Therefore, in our country, a practical solution and a better method of reducing construction equipment noise are highly required in construction field. Practical solutions for the construction equipment noise, however, are very difficult because of the poorness of basic data and insufficiency of the existing research. Especially, in order to establish the sound insulation plan about pilling works noise with high sound pressure level and impactive, a real situation of sound characteristics about the noise of pilling works in foundation work demands more detail investigation. In this point, this study attempts to survey the characteristics of attenuation and propagation of construction equipment noise in pilling work using SIP(soil-cement injected precast pile) method with casing. And this study intends to get the basic data for establishment of a standard about construction noise.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.746-757
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different freezing conditions and storage periods on physicochemical and microbial characteristics of garlic. Garlics were washed, dried, sliced to 0.3 cm then packed in LDPE+LLDPE film bags. They were treated with still-air freezing at $-20^{\circ}C$ (SAF20), $-40^{\circ}C$ (SAF40) and immersed-liquid freezing at $-40^{\circ}C$ (ILF40). Frozen garlics were stored under frozen storage conditions for 7 months at $-20^{\circ}C$ and quality characteristics were measured monthly during the frozen storage. Freezing rate of garlic was the fastest in ILF 40 (10 min), SAF40 (40 min) and SAF20 (1,600 min) sequentially. In ILF40, drip loss, cutting force, total aerobic bacteria count and pH were the lowest, whereas pyruvic acid and allicin content were the highest (p<0.05) during frozen storage, these results were the most similar characteristics with the fresh garlic. During frozen storage, drip loss, color difference and total organic acid content were significantly fluctuated in SAF20 (p<0.05), while they were not changed in ILF40. Overall, total aerobic bacteria count and pH decreased, cutting force, pyruvic acid and allicin content remained unchanged in all groups. In conclusion, the optimal freezing conditions for garlic with the least quality changes was considered to be ILF40 (immersed liquid freezing), keeping quality characteristics up to 7 months by freezing storage.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.149-177
• /
• 2001

This is a study on age-crime curve in Korea. Three data was used in this study as following: First is the crime statistics as aggregated data. Second is the police record(N=3.541 offences) of the male ex-offenders(N=988) who have been released in eleven prisons in 1987 as individual data. Third is the self-reported group-interview data(N=10.198 offences) administered to the male prisoners(N=979) in ten correctional facilities including eight adult prisons, one juvenile prison and one juvenile training center as another individual data. Generally, the right-skewness of age-crime curve has been explained through the difference of crime rate between early starters and late starters. Moffitt explains that this is because of the higher participation rate of the juvenile period of adolescence-limited offenders, but Godttfredson and Hirschi explain that this is because of a similar distribution in the crime rate of both early starters and late starters. the analysis of this study shows that Godttfredson and Hirschi’s explanation on the generality of age-crime-curve distribution is correct, but this can be modified by various factors like a economic crisis. And the peak age of juvenile period is consistent with the Moffitt’s hypothesis that the peak age is contributed to the increase of crime rate of late starters, not with Godttfredson and Hirschi’s one.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.453-470
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we consider a Bayesian analysis of the dose-effect relationship of cadmium to evaluate a benchmark dose(BMD). For this purpose, two dose-response curves commonly used in the toxicity study are fitted based on Bayesian methods to the data collected from the scientific literature on cadmium toxicity. Specifically, Bayesian meta-analysis and hierarchical modeling build an overall dose-effect relationship that use a piecewise linear model and Hill model, where the inter-study heterogeneity and inter-individual variability of dose and effect such as gender, age and ethnicity are accounted. Estimation of the unknown parameters is made by using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm based user-friendly software WinBUGS. Benchmark dose estimates are evaluated for various cut-offs and compared with different tested subpopulations with with gender, age and ethnicity based on these two Bayesian hierarchical models.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.862-870
• /
• 1998

This study shows the application of Ci-ELISA method for monitoring the denaturation of myosin by the frozen treatment in order to differentiate thawed beef from chilled. Hanwoo M.Semitendinosus (n=25) was treated under the two different frozen process as follows; simple frozen treatment (Exp-1) at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, and repeated thawing-refreezing treatment (Exp-2) stored at 4 different temperatures, -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively. Antibodies (Abs) were produced from rabbits immunized with myosin whole molecule (MWM) isolated from beef round, heavy meromyosin S-1 (S-1) and light meromyosin (LMM) prepared by digestion of MWM. Each immunoglobulin G (IgG) was separated from antiserum. At 6 month storage, IA of anti-MWM IgG for myosin was decreased to 32.67, 32. 23, 51.52 and 34.27% in Exp-1 and to 14.82, 15.61, 25.3 and 23.7% in Exp-2 at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively (P<0.05). In Exp-1, the reactivities of anti-LMM IgG were decreased to 25.12, 21.42, 49.05 and 28.96%, and those of Exp-2 were to 11.88, 9.56, 20.63 and 12.64% at -10, -20, -50 and $-80^{\circ}C$, respectively, at 6 times thawing (P<0.05). Conclusively, myosin was denaturated by freezing treatment and LMM or myosin rod part might have suffered from more extreme demage than HMM S-1, and samples at $-50^{\circ}C$ were slightly injured less than others by freezing treatment.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.7 s.264
• /
• pp.520-526
• /
• 2006

Background: The clinical application of cryosurgery the management of lung cancer is limited because the response of lung at low temperature is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the pulmonary tissue at extreme low temperature. Material and Method: After general anesthesia the lungs of twelve Mongrel dogs were exposed through the fifth intercostal space. Cryosurgical probe (Galil Medical, Israel) with diameter 2.4 mm were placed into the lung 20 mm deep and four thermosensors (T1-4) were inserted at 5 mm intervals from the cryoprobe. The animals were divided into group A (n=8) and group B (n=4). In group A the temperature of the cryoprobe was decreased to $-120^{\circ}C$ and maintained for 20 minutes. After 5 minutes of thawing this freezing cycle was repeated. In group B same freezing temperature was maintained for 40 minutes continuously without thawing. The lungs were removed for microscopic examination on f day after the cryosurgery. In four dogs of the group A the lung was removed 7 days after the cryosurgery to examine the delayed changes of the cryoinjured tissue, Result: In group A the temperatures of T1 and T2 were decreased to the $4.1{\pm}11^{\circ}C\;and\;31{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ respectively in first freezing cycle. During the second freezing period the temperatures of the thermosensors were decreased lower than the temperature during the first freezing time: $T1\;-56.4{\pm}9.7^{\circ}C,\;T2\;-18.4{\pm}14.2^{\circ}C,\;T3\;18.5{\pm}9.4^{\circ}C\;and\;T4\;35.9{\pm}2.9^{\circ}C$. Comparing the temperature-distance graph of the first cycle to that of the second cycle revealed the changes of temperature-distance relationship from curve to linear. In group B the temperatures of thermosensors were decreased and maintained throughout the 40 minutes of freezing. On light microscopy, hemorrhagic infarctions of diameter $18.6{\pm}6.4mm$ were found in group A. The infarction size was $14{\pm}3mm$ in group B. No viable cell was found within the infarction area. Conclusion: The conductivity of the lung is changed during the thawing period resulting further decrease in temperature of the lung tissue during the second freezing cycle and expanding the area of cell destruction.