• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.713-720
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• 2008

본 연구는 낙동강 하구 대심도 연약지반에 항타관입된 PHC 말뚝에 대하여 SPT 지지력 공식으로 부터 계산된 선단지지력 값과 PDA 시험에서 얻어진 선단지지력 측정값을 비교하였다. 또한, SPT N값이 50이 넘는 경우에 대하여는 N값과 롯드 관입깊이의 선형관계를 가정하여 30cm 관입깊이에 해당하는 N값을 적용한 경우와 CPT $q_c$와의 상관성을 이용하여 $q_c$값으로부터 N값을 산정한 경우의 2가지 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 본 연구에서 적용한 SPT 지지력 공식 모두 측정된 선단지지력 값과 차이가 났으며, SPT 지지력 공식은 대심도 연약지반에 항타 근입된 말뚝에 대하여 실제적인 설계를 수행할 때 신뢰하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한, N>50인 경우에 대하여 N값과 롯드 관입깊이의 선형관계를 적용하는 것은 지지력을 매우 과대평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

As the skin friction of an embedded pile is produced by the cement paste injected into the borehole, the skin friction cannot be evaluated by the end of initial driving test, which is conducted before the cement paste is cured. In addition, the total resistance of an embedded pile may not be properly evaluated during the restrike test if the base resistance is not fully mobilized because of the insufficient driven energy. The objective of this study is to suggest a new load-settlement curve of embedded piles by combining the results of the end of initial driving and restrike tests. Test piles are installed at fields by using the embedded pile method, and the results of the dynamic pile tests are analyzed using CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP) after the end of initial driving and restrike tests are conducted. A new load transfer curve, which combines the behaviors of the pile base at the end of initial driving and of the pile shaft at the restrike, is suggested, and a new load-settlement curve is obtained. Subsequently, the resistances of the test piles are evaluated using the combined load-settlement curve, and compared with the results from the end of initial driving and restrike tests. The results showed that the resistances, which are evaluated using the combined load-settlement curve, may overcome the underestimation of the resistance because of the insufficient driven energy. In addition, the resistance resulted from the combined load-settlement curve may be more similar to that from the static load test because the suggested load transfer curve is closer to the behavior of the embedded pile compared to the results of end of initial driving and restrike tests. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the combined load-settlement curve may be effectively used for the evaluation of the bearing capacity of embedded piles.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Song-Do international city is the area developed in large-scale land reclamation. Song-Do area consists of reclamation layer, sedimentary layer(loose silt, soft clay and sand alternating) and residual layer from the ground surface. Therefore, using pile foundation is inevitable to build structures safely. In this area, driven PHC piles have been generally constructed in terms of environmental and economic conditions. As a result of analyzing 4 sites in Song-Do district 5 and 7 recently, the method of driving pile has many problems because of existence of rigid soil in sedimentary layer and installation of more than 30m piles. In this case, when installing piles by drive after pre-boring up to appropriate depth, the results of constructability analysis were very good. And in the economic efficiency, although 4% of construction cost rose, it was a very slight increase in comparison with improvement of workability. In the case of the stability, more than 70% compared to the allowable stress of piles was satisfied through the load test. As a result, when PHC piles is installed in Song-Do district, the proper construction method is that piles are located at bearing layer after boring rigid sand layer.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.79-90
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• 2007

Behaviors of instrumented steel sheet piles which are installed in sand ground by vibratory hammer were investigated. Especially, stresses acting on the pile during vibratory driving, efficiency factor which reflects differences between theoretical driving force and actually delivered acting force, justifiability of rigidity of steel sheet pile, dynamic resistance characteristics of soil and penetration characteristics of sheet pile were analysed. According to the field test results it is justifiable that steel sheet pile behaves as a rigid body during vibratory driving. And it can be seen that maximum stress acting on sheet pile section is far less than tensile strength of the material. Value of the maximum section force at sheet pile head was 72% of that estimated from theoretical equation. Magnitudes of displacement amplitudes computed from displacement-time history curve corresponding to four penetration depths were in the range of 16 $\sim$ 75% of that specified by manufacturer.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5C
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• pp.343-350
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• 2006

The resistance bias factors for driven steel pipe piles are evaluated as a part of study to develop the LRFD(Load and Resistance Factor Design) for foundation structures in Korea. The 43 data sets of static load tests and soil property tests performed in the whole domestic area were collected and analyzed to determine the representative bearing capacities of the piles using various methods. Based on the statistical analysis of the data, the Davisson's criterion is proved to be the most reasonable method for estimation of pile bearing capacity among the methods used. The static bearing capacity formulas and the Meyerhof method using N values are applied to calculate the design bearing capacity of the piles. The resistance bias factors of the driven steel pipe piles are evaluated respectively as 0.98 and 1.46 by comparison of the bearing capacities for both of the static bearing capacity formulas and the Meyerhof method. It is also shown that uncertainty of the static bearing capacity formulas is relatively less than that of the Meyerhof method.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.61-70
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• 1997

Although the load -settlement curve characteristics of embedded piles are different from those of driven piles, for the determination of their allowable loads the same analysis method has been adopted without any considerations. According to the related domestic chi teria, the analysis methods of load-settlement curve have some conflicts among themselves and have several vague points in obtaining the allowable capacity from ultimate or yield capacity. In order to solve those problems, the relevant literatures were reviewed. And also the result of 106 pile load tests was analysed. Analysis result indicates that analysis met hods of the load-settlement curve based on single mathematical curve are not suitable for the general analysis method of load-settlement curves due to their various characteristics. As a result, the appropriate analysis methods and safety factors for the determination of allowable capacity of pile are suggested in this paper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.5 s.110
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• pp.514-520
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• 2006

In this study, the performance of a digital pile rebounding and penetration monitoring system (DPRMS) is evaluated and the measurement precision of the DPRMS is improved. The DPRMS is a high speed line-scanning camera system to measure the rebound and penetration of a pile in a construction work. A main problem in the DPRMS is a measurement error, which is caused by a shock or vibration due to a hammer impact. The measurement error is investigated by analyzing vibration signals of the DPRMS during the impact. Moreover, the frequency response functions of the DPRMS are also analyzed. As a result, it is found that the tripod height has an influence on the DPRMS performance and a shorter tripod is better. One more founding in this study is that the DPRMS should be placed with a appropriate distance from a pile for improving the measurement precision.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.792-798
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• 2008

CPT 시험은 지난 30여년 동안 지반조사 분야에서 널리 이용되어 왔다. CPT 콘의 근입은 항타말뚝의 근입방법과 유사하기 때문에, CPT 콘의 선단저항력을 이용하여 말뚝의 지지력을 산정하려는 연구가 많이 수행되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 기존에 제안된 CPT 선단지지력 공식의 적용성을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 낙동강 하구 대심도 연약지반에서 수행된 항타 PHC 말뚝에 대한 총 172개의 PDA 시험자료와 80개소의 CPT 자료를 수집하였다. PDA시험의 CAPWAP분석에서 얻어진 선단지지력과 각 CPT 지지력 공식에서 산정된 선단지지력을 비교함으로써 각 공식의 적용성을 분석하였다. 분석에 이용된 CPT 지지력 공식은 Aoki 방법, Meyerhof 방법, Penpile 방법, Philpponnat 방법, LCPC 방법, Schmertmann 방법, Zhou 방법, ICP 방법, Eslami & Fellenius 방법, 그리고 UWA-05 방법의 총 10가지이다. 분석결과, Aoki 방법, Phillipponnat 방법, ICP 방법 그리고 LCPC 방법 순으로 그 적용성이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8128-8139
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• 2015

Recently, the necessity of developing the load and resistance factor design(LRFD) for soft ground improvement method has been raised, since the limit state design is requested as international technical standard for the foundation of structures. In this study, to develop LRFD codes for foundation structures in Korea, target reliability index and resistance factor for static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles were calibrated in the framework of reliability theory. The 16 data(in Gwangyang) and the 57 data(Korea Institute of Construction Technology, 2008) sets of static load test and soil property tests conducted in the whole domestic area were collected along with available subsurface investigation results. The resistance bias factors were evaluated for the tow static design methods by comparing the representative measured bearing capacities with the expected design values. Reliability analysis was performed by two types of advanced methods : the First Order Reliability Method (FORM), and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method using resistance bias factor statistics. As a result, when target reliability indices of the driven pipe pile were selected as 2.0, 2.33, 2.5, resistance factor of two design methods for SPT N at pile tip less than 50 were evaluated as 0.611~0.684, 0.537~0.821 respectively, and STP N at pile tip more than 50 were evaluated as 0.545~0.608, 0.643~0.749 respectively. The result from this research will be useful for developing various foundations and soil structures under LRFD.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2006

Although numerous investigations have been performed over the years to predict the behavior and bearing capacity of piles, the mechanisms are not yet entirely understood. The prediction of bearing capacity is a difficult task, because large numbers of factors affect the capacity and also have complex relationship one another. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to search the essential factors among many factors, which are related with ground condition, pile type, driving condition and others, and then appropriately consider complicated relationship among the searched factors. The present paper describes the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in predicting the capacity including its components at the tip and along the shaft from dynamic load test of the driven piles. Firstly, the effect of each factor on the value of bearing capacity is investigated on the basis of sensitivity analysis using ANN modeling. Secondly, the authors use the design methodology composed of ANN and genetic algorithm (GA) to find optimal neural network model to predict the bearing capacity. The authors allow this methodology to find the appropriate combination of input parameters, the number of hidden units and the transfer structure among the input, the hidden and the out layers. The results of this study indicate that the neural network model serves as a reliable and simple predictive tool for the bearing capacity of driven piles.