• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2002

Ferroelectric $Pb_{0.99}[(Zr_{0.6}Sn_{0.4})_{1-x}Ti_x]_{0.98}Nb_{0.02}O_3$(PNZST) thin films were deposited by a RF magnetron sputtering on $(La_{0.5}Sr_{0.5})CoO_3$(LSCO)/Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrate using a PNZST target with excess PbO of 10 mole%. The crystallinity and electrical properties of the thin films with various composition ratio were investigated. The thin films deposited at the substrate temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ and the power of 80 W were crystallized to a perovskite phase after rapid thermal annealing(RTA) at $650^{\circ}C$ for 10 seconds in air. A PNZST thin films with Ti of 10 mole% showed the good crystallinity and ferroelectric properties. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the PNZST capacitor were about $20\;{\mu}C/cm^2$ and 50 kV/cm, respectively. The reduction of the polarization after $2.2{\times}10^9$ switching cycles was less than 10%.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.473-478
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• 2001

Ferroelectric P $b_{0.99}$［(Z $r_{0}$ 6S $n_{0.4}$)/0.9/ $Ti_{0.1}$］0.98/N $b_{0.02}$ $O_3$(PNZST) thin films were deposited by a RF magnetron sputtering on L $a_{0.5}$S $r_{0.5}$Co $O_3$(LSCO)/Pt/Ti/ $SiO_2$/Si substrate using a PNZST target with excess PbO of 10 mole%. The crystallinity and electrical properties of the thin films annealed at various temperature and time were investigated. The thin films deposited at the substrate temperature of 500 $^{\circ}C$ and the power of 80 W were crystallized to a perovskite phase after rapid thermal annealing(RTA). The thin films annealed at 650 $^{\circ}C$ for 10 seconds in air exhibited the good crystal structures. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the PNZST capacitor were about 20 $\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 50 kV/cm, respectively. The reduction of the polarization after 2.2$\times$10$^{9}$ switching cycles was less than 10 %..10 %......

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.829-834
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• 2002

Ferroelectric properties of $ErMnO_3$ thin films deposited on Si(100) substrate using Sol-gel process with metal salts were investigated. $ErMnO_3$ thin films with a (001) preferred orientation were crystallized at 800$^{\circ}C$. The $ErMnO_3$ thin film post-annealed at 800$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h showed the dielectric constant(k) of 26 and the dielectric loss(tan ${\delta}$) of 0.032 at the frequency range from 1 to 100 KHz. The grain size of $ErMnO_3$ thin film post-annealed at 800 for 1 h was 10∼30 nm. The remanent polarization($P_r$) of the $ErMnO_3$ thin films increased with increasing (001) preferred orientation. The $ErMnO_3$ thin films post-annealed at 800$^{\circ}C$ for 1 h showed the remanent polarization($P_r$) of 400 nC/$cm^2$, with the increase of post-annealing time at 800$^{\circ}C$, the coercive field($E_c$) of thin films was lowered because the dense and homogeneous thin films were obtained.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.304-312
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• 2021

The present study aimed to develop new physiologically active ingredients from Angelica gigas. The polysaccharides purified from A. gigas, AGE-2c-I, showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent manner. C₃ activation products were identified through crossed immuno-electrophoresis using anti-human C₃ antibodies and the anti-complementary activity of AGE-2c-I under Ca⁺⁺-free conditions suggests that AGE-2c-I may induce complementary activation via both alternative and classical pathways. In addition, AGE-2c-I augmented the production of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-α, by peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, intravenous (i.v.) administration of AGE-2c-I dose-dependently enhanced natural killer cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma. In experimental lung metastasis, prophylactic i.v. administration of AGE-2c-I inhibited lung metastasis by 58% at 100 ㎍/mouse. From the above results, we suggest that AGE-2c-I purified from A. gigas has potent immune system-stimulating activities, and is a potentially promising food ingredient beneficial to human health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

본 논문의 목적은 ‘다중 동사성 명사 구문’(Multiple Verbal Noun Construe-tions)의 논항실현 양상을 이론 중립적으로 고찰해 보고, 이 분석을 제약기반 문법 이론인 최근의 핵 심어주도 구구조문법 (Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar)틀 안에서, 특히 다중계승위 계를 가정하는 제약기반 어휘부를 기반으로 형식화해 논항의 실현과정을 기술하고 설명하는 것이다. 우선 일본어의 유사한 현상을 분석한 Grimshaw & Mester (1988)의 격실현 양상에 관한 일반화를 기반으로 한국어 동사성명사구문의 논항실현 양상을 ‘논항전이’ (argument transfer)라는 이론적 장치를 이용해 형식화할 수 있음을 보이고, 동사성 합성명사의 논항구조를 만들기 위해 ‘논항합성’(argument composition)이라는 이론적 장치를 제안한다. 나아가서 다중 동사성 명사구문의 논항실현 과정에서 보이는 겹격표지 현상을 ‘격 복사’(case copying)를 제안해 동사성 명사의 격표지가 합성 명사에서 분리되어 문장단위에서 실현될 때 동일한 격을 복사해 실현한다는 점을 주장하고자 한다. 이 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 수동과 능동 등 문법기능의 변화현상에서 하위범주화된 요소들의 격변화가 자의적이 아님을 실례를 들어 보여 주고자 한다. 일본어의 경동사 (light verbs)에 관한 분석 인 Grimshaw Meste, (1988) 이래 한국어에서도 이와 유사한 구문에 대한 재조명이 활발하게 이루어져 왔다 (Ryu (1993b), 채희락 (1996), Chae (1997) 등 참조). 한국어에서 ‘하다’와 동사성명사(verbal nouns)가 결합하여 이루어진 ‘동사성명사구문’ (Verbal Noun Constructions)에 대한 기존의 논의는 대부분 하나의 동사성 명사가 ‘하다’나 ‘되다등 소위 문법기능을 바꾸는 ‘경동사’들과 결합하여 복합술어가 되는 문법적 현상에 초점이 맞춰져 있었다. 그와 비교해서 동사성 명사의 어근이 두 개 이상 결합하여 동사성명사들끼리 합성명사(compound nouns)를 이루고 그 동사성 합성명사가 문법기능의 변화를 바꾸는 ‘경동사’와 결합하여 이루어진 복합술어에 대해서는 논의가 거의 없는 형편이다. 특히 이 지적은 핵심어주도 구절구조문법틀 내에서는 논란의 여지가 없다. 본 논문의 대상은 바로 이러한 합성 동사성명사의 논항구조와 동사성명사에 의해 하위범주화된 논항들의 문법적 실현양상이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.290-297
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• 1997

Background : Despite remarkable progress of understanding the pathophysiology and therapy of bronchial asthma, asthma morbidity and mortality are on the rise. Also hospitalization and attending rates of emergency department for asthma have been increasing gradually. We analyzed clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients who visited emergency room due to asthma attack in order to define clinical characteristics of these group of patients. Method : We reviewed 105 adult asthmatic patients who attended emergency department of Korea University Hospital between August 1995 and July 1996, retrospectively. Results : 103 patients(56 female, 47 males, mean age : 48.6 years) attended-68 self referral, 18 practitioner referral and 17 OPD transfer- and 86 patients(83.5%) were admitted. Attending emergncy department was clearly more frequent in December(13.6%) and May(12.6%). Time lag between onset of asthmatic attack and arrival at the hospital was $14.2{\pm}15.5$ hour and initial peak expiratory flow rate was $166.7{\pm}68.3L/min$.(43.3% predicted) The commonest cause for visiting emergency room was aggravation of asthma due to upper respiratory tract infection in mild asthmatics. About half of them had history of previous ER visits. Their prognosis was not bad, but after discharge, about half of patients escaped from OPD follow-up. Conclusion : As a group they merit detailed attention and follow up arrangement. Clinician need to monitor and review the treatment plans, the medications, the patient's management technique, and the level of asthma control. For this group, plans for longer term treatment, including asthma education program and adjustment of overall treatment plan should be made.