• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

최근 수의학에서도 여러 항생제에 내성이 있는 세균 감염이 확인되면서 기존에 사용되었던 항생제에 의한 치료 반응이 떨어지고 새로운 항생제가 도입되고 있다. 그러나 항생제 내성을 가진 세균의 출현을 방지하고 항생제에 의한 부작용을 최소화하기 위해 적절한 항생제 사용은 필수적이다. 세균 배양과 항생제 감수성 검사를 기본으로 항생제에 있어서의 약동학(pharmacodynamics)과 약역학(pharmacokinetics)을 바탕으로 항생제 치료에 대해 보다 정확히 접근할 수 있다. 세균에 대한 최소억제농도(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)와 최고혈장약물농도(peak plasma drug concentration, C max)를 비교하는 것은 항생제 선택의 기준이 된다.또한 MIC가 C max에 가까울수록 효과적인 치료를 위해서는 가능한 높은 용량을 사용해야 함을 의미한다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.34 no.2 s.388
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• pp.128-130
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• 2002

가축의 생산성 향상을 위한 경제적인 목적이나 또는 순수한 질병예방 및 치료목적으로 사용되어져온 항생제는 그 앞날을 생각 해볼 때 생각하는 것 보다 상당히 심각한 상태에 있음을 알아야한다. 그 동안 축산업 특히 양계 분야에서 사용되어져 왔던 항생제들에 대한 비판은 그 정당성을 인정받지 못했으나, 질병을 효과적으로 치료 하면서 기존의 항생제들의 생산수명을 늘리기 위해서는 항생제의 사용을 정확히 해야 한다는 인식이 일반화 되고 있다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to review our recent experiences with deep neck abscesses in children and adolescents and to provide helpful information in treatment and diagnosis by comparing them with those in other available literatures. Methods : Medical records of 36 children and adolescents admitted for deep neck abscess at two hospitals from January 2000 to October 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1 and the mean age was 6.5 years. Painful neck swelling and fever were the most frequent symptoms in patients under thirteen years of age whereas trismus and headache were frequent symptoms in patients over fourteen years of age. Submandibular space was the most common site of deep neck abscess in patients under thirteen years of age, whereas peritonsillar space was the most common site in patients over fourteen years of age. The results of bacterial cultures were positive in 61.5% of drained cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified bacteria in 6 patients (37.5%) and 5 of them were under 2 years of age. Twenty six patients received surgical drainage while the others were treated with antibiotics only. There were no statistically significant differences in the durations of admission, fever after admission, and antibiotic treatment between surgical and medical treatment groups. Conclusion : The common sites of deep neck abscess, associated symptoms, and causative organisms were different between children and adolescents. As there were no differences in durations of admission, fever, or antibiotics treatments between surgical and medical treatment groups, surgical drainage may be avoided by early recognition and suspicion. However, if there is no improvement of symptoms or size of abscesses within 48-72 hours of antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2011

조혈모세포이식술(또는 HSCT)을 받은 환자에게는 이식관련 부작용의 예방 또는 치료를 위해 면역억제 약물이 투여되는데, 그 중 하나인 cyclosporine은 therapeutic index가 작고 다양한 요인에 의해 혈중농도가 변화되므로 사용시에는 세심한 관찰과 조절이 필요하다. 특히 HSCT 환자에서 발생하는 호중구 감소성 발열(또는 NPF)의 치료목적으로 투여하는 항생제에 의하여 cyclosporine의 혈중농도가 변화될 수 있고, 또 임상적 경과에 따라 항생제 처방이 중도에 변경되는 경우도 빈번하지만, 실제로 항생제 처방의 중간변경에 의한 cyclosporine의 혈중농도 변화양상을 연구한 결과는 많지 않다. 이에, 과거 2년 동안 한 상급종합병원에서 HSCT후 cyclosporine을 투여 받았던 환자 중에서 통상적인 NPF 치료용 항생제인 ciprofloxacin을 투여하다가 치료성과를 높이기 위하여 cefepime으로 대체 투여했던 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 1차 선택약인 ciprofloxacin에서 항생제를 변경했을 때 cyclosporine의 혈중농도가 유의성 있게 증가했는데, 이는 ciprofloxacin 보다 cefepime이 간에서 cyclosporine을 분해시키는 효소생성을 억제시켰기 때문일 것으로 예측되며, HSCT 환자에서 NPF 치료용 항생제를 ciprofloxacin에서 cefepime으로 변경 시에는 병용중인 cyclosporine 유지용량을 약 13% 감량하는 것이 cyclosporine의 효과는 유지하면서 부작용의 발생위험을 감소시키는 데 유용한 방안이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.473-481
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• 2002

Purpose : Ascending cholangitis is the most common complication after Kasai operations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cefotaxime as an empirical antibiotic on ascending cholangitis after Kasai operations. Methods : Thirty-nine episodes of cholangitis in twenty-nine children who underwent Kasai operations at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1991 to December 2000 were included in this study. Empirical cefotaxime treatments were divided into three groups : cefotaxime and amikacin treatment group(CA group), cefotaxime and gentamicin treatment group(CG group) and cefotaxime treatment group(C group). A diagnosis of cholangitis was made on the basis of unexplained fever(>$38^{\circ}C$) and either development of acholic stool or elevation of serum total bilirubin (>1.5 mg/dL). Therapeutic efficacy was judged by elimination of fever up to 72 hours, 120 hours, and 168 hours after antibiotic treatment. Results : There were therapeutic responses in 51%(20/39) up to 72 hours after antibiotic treatment : 54%(13/24) in CA group, 43%(3/7) in CG group and 50%(4/8) in C group. There were therapeutic responses in 69%(27/39) up to 120 hours, in 79%(31/39) up to 168 hours and in 82%(32/39) up to 2 weeks. There were no differences in therapeutic efficacy among the three regimens. In 12 of 39 episodes, the etiologic pathogens including Escherichia coli and enterococcus were cultured from the blood. Conclusion : Cefotaxime can be tried as an initial antibiotic in Korean children with ascending cholangitis after Kasai operation prior to the identification of microorganism on culture. However, further evaluation of pathogen and its resistant strain to cefotaxime should be done.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2022

It is challenging to treat ventriculitis with parenteral treatment alone in some cases because of the difficulty involved in maintaining an appropriate level of antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We report two cases of ventriculitis who did not respond to intravenous (IV) antibiotics but were successfully treated with intraventricular antibiotics using IV agents. The first case was a four-month-old male patient with X-linked hydrocephalus. He showed ventriculitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae not producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase and susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins and gentamicin, following ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. His condition did not improve during the 47 days of treatment with IV cefotaxime and meropenem. We achieved improvement in clinical presentation and CSF profile after three times of intraventricular gentamicin injection. The patient was discharged from the hospital with antiepileptic drugs. The second case was a six-month-old female patient with a history of neonatal meningitis complicated with hydrocephalus at one month of age, VP shunt at two months of age, followed by a methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) shunt infection with ventriculitis after the shunt operation. CoNS ventriculitis recurred four weeks later. We failed to treat intractable methicillin-resistant CoNS ventriculitis with IV vancomycin for ten days, and thus intraventricular antimicrobial treatment was considered. Five times of intraventricular vancomycin administration led to improvement in clinical parameters. There were only neurological sequelae of delayed language development but no other major complications. Patients in these two cases responded well to intraventricular antibiotics, with negative CSF culture results, and were successfully treated for ventriculitis without serious complications.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Carbapenems are recommended for treating bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E). However, this has resulted in a significant rise in the utilization of carbapenems in cases of ESBL-E infection. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with ESBL-E bacteremia treated with non-carbapenem antimicrobials. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of a cohort of patients with documented ESBL-E bacteremia from January 2021 to December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received non-carbapenem or carbapenem therapy. The rates of treatment failure, 30-day mortality and microbiologic failure, and the durations of hospitalization and of antimicrobial therapy were compared between the two groups. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and phenotypic identification of ESBL-E were performed using the Vitek 2 system. Results: Of 118 patients with ESBL-E bacteremia, 54 received non-carbapenem drugs (non-carbapenem group [NCG]) and 64 received carbapenems (carbapenem group [CG]). Treatment failure at 30 days occurred in 16.7% of the patients in the NCG and in 18.8% in the CG (p = 0.65). The 30-day mortality rate was 14.8% in the NCG and 17.2% in the CG (p = 0.63). Extra-urinary tract infection and prior antimicrobial therapy within 30 days were risk factors for treatment failure in patients with ESBL-E bacteremia. The clinical outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups, challenging the prevailing preference for carbapenems in the treatment of ESBL-E bacteremia. Conclusions: Non-carbapenem antimicrobials such as piperacillin/tazobactam are recommended for patients with mild ESBL-E bacteremia in South Korea.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.43 no.7
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• pp.112-113
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• 2011

지난 16일 충남 천안에 있는 상록리조트에서 농림수산식품부 주최 농협중앙회 주관으로 '사료 내 항생제 첨가금지 대응 관련한 연찬회'가 열렸다. 올해 7월부터 축산용 항생제의 오남용 방지를 위해 항생제를 사료 내 일절 첨가 금지 방침에 따라(단, 사료 제조 시 항생제 첨가가 금지되더라도 질병 치료용 항생제는 사용이 가능) 산 학 연 관계자 250여 명이 참여하는 등 많은 관심 속에 진행되었다. 이번 연찬회는 노수현 과장(농림수산식품부 축산경영과), 김동운 박사(국립축산과학원), 남두석 박사(농협사료), 남기대 부장(CJ제일제당)의 발표로 진행되었다. 본고는 독자들의 이해를 돕고자 이날 발표된 내용을 요약, 정리하였다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.10 s.432
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• pp.80-84
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• 2005

그 동안 양계사업의 양적 질적 발전과 함께 생산성 향상과 질병 치료의 목적으로 항생제제가 광범위하게 사용되어왔으나, 항생제의 양계산물내 잔류와 항생제 내성균주의 출현 등 우려스러운 문제들이 최근 대두되고 있으므로 전세계적으로 항생제 사용에 대한 규제가 강화되고, 대안으로서 항생제 이외의 성장촉진제, 면역강화제, 환경개선제 등이 주목을 받고 있다. 우리나라에서도 2005년부터 산란계 사료에 파리유충 구제 약제(싸이 로마진) 첨가가 금지되고 그간 사용이 가능했던 몇 안되는 항생제 마저 일부가 사용이 금지됨으로 인해 농장에서는 대안 찾기에 부심하고 있는 실정이다. 본고에서는 항생제 사용의 대안으로서 생균제를 이용한 양계 사양관리 개선 방안을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2007

Decision-making of antibiotics use in infected patients with terminal stage of cancer was difficult for physicians, because of responsibility of solving a medical problem and burden on patients distressed by worthless life expansion. Korean Family Medicine Palliative Medicine Research Group discussed this subject using a case of a 65 year-old male having terminal stage of sigmoid colon cancer with extended cutaneous infection who was treated local antibiotics, improved but expired at the 12th hospital day. We reviewed related literatures and proposed a guide for antibiotics use in inferred patients with terminal stage of cancer. Antibiotics should be used for symptom control as major indication, especially when patients suffered from urinary symptoms. Appropriate antibiotics should be chosen based or sensitivity test. the most important considering factor should be patient and family members' wish about antibiotics use.