• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2017

This is a study on the propulsion criteria for airworthiness certification of the military aircraft. This treatise described the introduction of the airworthiness certification system, the features and difference between the military and commercial aircraft, the introduction of the standard airworthiness certification, the important technical criteria, and the several application instances of the criteria.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.16-23
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• 2021

Domestic and foreign manufacturers are developing VTOL UASs in various shapes in line with demand for future technologies. UASs have been developed in a shape classified as fixed/rotary wing, and verified by appropriate certification standards. However, airworthiness certification of recent VTOL UASs is strict with the absence of VTOL-specific certification standards. In this paper, criteria applicable to VTOL UAS were presented through analysis of STANAG-4671 and STANAG-4702, which are certification standards for fixed/rotary wing UAS of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Special Condition for VTOL Aircraft (SC-VTOL) of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). For this, the categorization criteria of general/fixed-wing/VTOL characteristics were established for each standard item and utilized for analysis.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

In this paper the new revision of Korean Airworthiness Standards (KAS) - Emissions was proposed for enforced environmental standards. The Aircraft Engine Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emissions Requirements have been only defined for smoke, HC, CO and NOx as management items in previous KAS. However, this standard has not covered the current situation that International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforced environmental regulations, such as emissions trading system, limitation of CO₂ emissions and restriction of exhaust gas. In order to overcome these outdated situations, we presented the new requirements for aircraft exhaust gas emissions standard of Korea based on the latest standards of United States, Europe and other countries.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 2007

내충돌성(crashworthiness)은 항공기 추락시 탑승객을 보호할 수 있는 항공기와 그 내부 시스템 및 구성품의 성능으로 정의할 수 있다. 민간 항공 분야에서 내충돌성에 대한 체계적인 연구가 시작된 것은 1980년대로서 90년대에 이르러서야 감항 기준으로서 완성되게 된다. 항공기의 안전성과 관련된 주요 설계 요건들이 이미 50-60년대에 기본적인 틀을 갖추었다는 점을 감안하면 내충돌성과 관련된 설계 요구조건은 상대적으로 새로 운 설계 개념으로 생각할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 회전익 항공기를 중심으로 내충돌성 확보를 위해 고려해야 할 사항을 살펴보고, 현재 민간 회전익 항공기에 적용되고 있는 주요한 내충돌성 설계기준을 소개하도록 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.593-599
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• 2021

The demand for e-VTOL aircraft is expected to be increased rapidly in the future as a means of urban transportation due to operating cost reduction, eco-friendliness and convenience of vertical take-off and landing using pilot-aids automation system. However, there are many technical hurdles to be solved in securing safety and certification which are essential for commercialization and urban operation. So far, there is no e-VTOL aircraft that has received type certificate and standard airworthiness certificate due to the technical problems and safety requirement differences with conventional aircraft. The e-VTOL aircraft certification should also meet the equivalent level of safety required by the current airworthiness standards, but there are existing problems in securing safety and meeting current standards. In this study, the e-VTOL's certification problems and technical limitations in satisfying the current standards are presented.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.20-29
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• 2021

As the feasibility of urban air mobility (UAM) service using electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft increases due to aircraft electrification, distributed propulsion, and artificial intelligence technologies, the U.S. and European aeronautical societies have been improving their certification system and regulations for the type certification of eVTOL. The improved certification system is expected to be ready in the near future, after the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) proposed the VTOL Special Condition, SC-VTOL in 2019. However, the current domestic certification system is still insufficient to properly respond to eVTOL. This study investigated the development trends of foreign eVTOL and certification systems, identified considerations to improve the domestic certification system, and proposed the measures for type certificates and type certificates validation of eVTOL based on the comparison between SC-VTOL and Korea airworthiness standards (KAS).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.194-197
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• 2017

Aircraft engine and auxiliary power units are certified in processes of design, production according to airworthiness requirements. The aircraft engines shall demonstrate compliance with the design and production through the Type Certificate and the auxiliary power unit shall demonstrate compliance with the design and production through the Technical Standards Order Approval. MOLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) established the law and the airworthiness requirements for aircraft engines such as KAS Part 33 but didn't issue the Technical Standards Order for auxiliary power unit. In this paper, we proposed and explained the plan for improvement of our aircraft engines industry through building and expanding the certification infra-structure for aircraft engines and auxiliary power unit.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.42-51
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• 2022

An eVTOL aircraft, which is required to operate with low pollution/low noise in urban environments, mostly use battery-powered electric propulsion systems as power sources, not traditional propulsion systems such as reciprocating or turbine engines. Accordingly, certification preparation for the electric propulsion system and securing the safety of the electric propulsion system, are important issues. In the U.S., special technical standards equivalent to FAR Part 33 were issued to certify electric engines, and in Europe, various special conditions were established to certify electric propulsion systems. Thus, in Korea, the technical standards for the electric propulsion system for eVTOL aircraft must also be prepared in line with the U.S. and Europe. In this paper, SC E-19, the technical standard of the electric/hybrid propulsion system (EHPS) in special conditions, was analyzed. Additionally, securing the safety of the electric propulsion system of the aircraft are proposed, through the collaboration of SC E-19 technical standards with the existing aircraft safety evaluation procedure ARP 4761. Finally, through a case study of the Ehang 184 electric propulsion system, it has been confirmed that the proposed safety assurance method is applicable at the aircraft level.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.1 s.61
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• pp.51-64
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• 2007

항공 기술의 발달로 인해 항공기는 우리 일상에 가깝게 느껴지며, 다양한 기능을 가진 최첨단의 전자장비 등이 갖추어지게 되었다. 이러한 전자 장비의 내부 혹은 외부의 전파에 의한 전자파 간섭 현상을 일으키게 되며 심각한 경우 항공기기의 오동작을 유도한다. 따라서 항공기의 안전 운항에 필수적인 탑재 전자 장비의 전파 방해 방지를 위하여 항공기 탑재 전자기기의 전자파 장해 및 내성에 관한 국제 기술 규격의 동양 분석 및 불요 전자파 발생 인자의 파악과 대책이 필요하며 또한 전자파 장해 기준과 측정 방법의 표준화가 요구되는 현 시점에서, 본문에서는 항공기에 탑재되는 전자기기의 EMI/C 기술 동향에 대해서 언급하고자 한다.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1369-1377
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• 2002

항공기 운용기술이 점차 항공전자 부품에 의존하는 수준이 높아지고 있으며 항공전자부품은 저전력 소모의 기술로 변천하여 외부의 전자장 환경에 취약성이 증대되고 있다. 또한 항공기 기체구조를 형성하는 부분도 일정부분 알루미늄에서 복합소재로 대체됨에 따라 외부 전자장 환경에 취약성 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 고강도 전자장 환경에서 항공기의 지속적인 안전 비행과 착륙에 대한 대책이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 기술의 변모에 따라 고강도 전자장 환경에 대비한 감항기준이 제정되고 있으며 이에 따른 감항인증 절차도 제정이 되고 있다. 개발 항공기는 항공기의 제작 수준에 맞는 인증 절차를 밟아야 하며 이러한 인증의 수행은 항공기 개발 경험과 신기술에 맞는 인증절차의 개발이 병행되어야 한다.