• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.640-650
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• 1991

In the paper, the threepoint search algorithm used direct search method for optimal design is proposed. Proposed algorithm is composed of two iteration procedure to determine the minimum value of performance index. The minumum value of three-point existing in the inner N-order searching is firstly determined and next searching space is then reduced by the result of first procedure. To compute performance index. 3N iteration for a searching is necessary. 3N searching method is also described and confirmed with exception of parameter included multiphicator and divisor. Proposed algorithm have good stability and reliability when performance index is linear or quadratic function.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2009

This paper describes an application of domain decomposition method for parallel finite element analysis which is required to large scale 3D structural analysis. A parallel finite element method system which adopts a domain decomposition method is developed. Node is generated if its distance from existing node points is similar to the node spacing function at the point. The node spacing function is well controlled by the fuzzy knowledge processing. The Delaunay triangulation method is introduced as a basic tool for element generation. Domain decomposition method using automatic mesh generation system holds great benefits for 3D analyses. Aa parallel numerical algorithm for the finite element analyses, domain decomposition method was combined with an iterative solver, i.e. the conjugate gradient(CG) method where a whole analysis domain is fictitiously divided into a number of subdomains without overlapping. Practical performance of the present system are demonstrated through several examples.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.156-162
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• 2007

The parallel beam SPECT system acquires projection data by using collimators in conjunction with photon detectors. The projection data of the parallel beam SPECT system is, however, blurred by the point response function of the collimator that is used to define the range of directions where photons can be detected. By increasing the number of parallel holes per unit area in collimator, one can reduce such blurring effect. This approach also, however, has the blurring problem if the distance between the object and the collimator becomes large. In this paper we consider correction methods for artifacts caused by non-circular orbit of parallel beam SPECT with many parallel holes per detector cell. To do so, we model the relationship between the object and its projection data as a linear system, and propose an iterative reconstruction method including artifacts correction. We compute the projector and the backprojector, which are required in iterative method, as a sum of convolutions with distance-dependent point response functions instead of matrix form, where those functions are analytically computed from a single function. By doing so, we dramatically reduce the computation time and memory required for the generation of the projector and the backprojector. We conducted several simulation studies to compare the performance of the proposed method with that of conventional Fourier method. The result shows that the proposed method outperforms Fourier methods objectively and subjectively.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-124
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• 2014

Blind adaptive systems based on the Euclidean distance (ED) between the distribution function of the output samples and that of a set of random symbols generated at the receiver matching with the distribution function of the transmitted symbol points estimate the ED at each iteration time to examine its convergence state or its minimum ED value. The problem is that this ED estimation obtained by block?data processing requires a heavy calculation burden. In this paper, a recursive ED estimation method is proposed that reduces the computational complexity by way of utilizing the relationship between the current and previous states of the datablock. The relationship provides a ground that the currently estimated ED value can be used for the estimation of the next ED without the need for processing the whole new data block. From the simulation results the proposed recursive ED estimation shows the same estimation values as that of the conventional method, and in the aspect of computational burden, the proposed method requires only O(N) at each iteration time while the conventional block?processing method does $O(N^2)$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2011

자발형성법(Self-assembled)을 이용한 InAs 양자점(Quantum dots)은 성장법의 고유한 물리적 한계로 길이방향에 대한 수직방향 비율(Aspect ratio, AR)이 상대적으로 작은 값을 갖는다. 기존에 보고된 바에 따르면 GaAs 기판에 형성한 InAs 양자점은 일반적으로 AR이 0.3 정도를 보인다. 이러한 높이가 상대적으로 낮은 InAs 양자점은 수직방향으로 운반자(Carrier)의 파동함수 (Wave-function) 구속이 작게 되어 나노 양자점 구조의 0차원적 특성이 저하되게 된다. 본 논문에서는 Arsenic 차단법(Interruption technique)을 이용한 수정자발형성법(Modified self-assembled method, MSAM)으로 InAs 양자점(MSAM-InAs 양자점)을 형성하고 성장 변수에 따라 광 및 구조적 특성을 평가하여 0차원 순도를 분석하였다. MSAM InAs 양자점을 성장하고 12 nm 두께의 GaAs spacer 층을 증착한 후 $600^{\circ}C$에서 30초 동안 Arsenic 분위기에서 열처리(Annealing)를 수행 한 후 다시 InAs을 증착 하였다. 이러한 과정을 5번 반복하여 높이 방향으로 형상을 개선시킨 InAs 양자점을(Vetically-controlled MSAM, VCMSAM) 성장하였다. 기존 자발형성법을 이용한 InAs 양자점과 MSAM-InAs 양자점 단일층 구조를 기준시료로 성장하였다. 상온 포토루미네슨스(Photoluminescence, PL) 실험에서 단일 MSAM InAs 양자점 및 VCMSAM 양자점 시료의 발광에너지는 각각 1.10 eV와 1.13 eV를 나타내었다. VCMSAM InAs 양자점 시료의 PL세기는 단일 MSAM 양자점보다 3.4배 증가되어, 확연히 높게 나타나는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 높이 방향으로 운반자의 파동함수 구속력이 증가하여 구속준위 (Localized states)의 전자-정공의 파동함수중첩(Overlap integral)이 개선된 것으로 설명할 수 있다. 투과전자현미경(Transmission electron microscopy) 및 원자력간 현미경(Atomic force microscopy)을 이용하여 구조적 특성을 평가하고 이를 비교 분석한 결과를 보고한다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Neural networks we increasingly being seen as an addition to the statistics toolkit which should be considered alongside both classical and modern statistical methods. Neural networks are usually useful for classification and function estimation. In this paper we concentrate on function estimation using neural networks with weight decay factor The use of weight decay seems both to help the optimization process and to avoid overfitting. In this type of neural networks, the problem to decide the number of hidden nodes, weight decay parameter and iteration number of learning is very important. It is called the optimization of weight decay neural networks. In this paper we propose a automatic optimization based on genetic algorithms. Moreover, we compare the weight decay neural network automatically learned according to automatic optimization with ordinary neural network, projection pursuit regression and support vector machines.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.150-158
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• 2003

In the beam pattern synthesis problem using line source, the relationship between source distribution function and beam pattern may be represented by Fourier transform pair. In this paper, a general method to synthesize the line source distribution for a desired lobe-like beam pattern is presented by developing the nonlinear inversion method based on an iterative sampling technique. This method can be applied to the synthesis of continuously distributed dielectric constants satisfying the desired inverse scattering coefficient patterns when illuminating by TE-polarized and TM-polarized plane waves to arbitrary dielectric material. Furthermore this method can also be applied to the synthesis of transmission line with arbitrary reflection coefficient patterns. Some bandstop spatial filter and dispersive transmission line filter are illustrated for generality.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2004

This article reviews recent developments in three-dimensional (3-D) magntotelluric (MT) imaging. The inversion of MT data is fundamentally ill-posed, and therefore the resultant solution is non-unique. A regularizing scheme must be involved to reduce the non-uniqueness while retaining certain a priori information in the solution. The standard approach to nonlinear inversion in geophysis has been the Gauss-Newton method, which solves a sequence of linearized inverse problems. When running to convergence, the algorithm minimizes an objective function over the space of models and in the sense produces an optimal solution of the inverse problem. The general usefulness of iterative, linearized inversion algorithms, however is greatly limited in 3-D MT applications by the requirement of computing the Jacobian(partial derivative, sensitivity) matrix of the forward problem. The difficulty may be relaxed using conjugate gradients(CG) methods. A linear CG technique is used to solve each step of Gauss-Newton iterations incompletely, while the method of nonlinear CG is applied directly to the minimization of the objective function. These CG techniques replace computation of jacobian matrix and solution of a large linear system with computations equivalent to only three forward problems per inversion iteration. Consequently, the algorithms are efficient in computational speed and memory requirement, making 3-D inversion feasible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1090-1093
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• 2003

최근에 각광을 받고 있는 전기 발광 소자를 Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)법을 이용하여 제작하였다. 사용 시료는 본 연구팀에서 합성을 하였으며, 시료는 PECCP[poly(3,6-N-2-ethylhexyl carbazolyl cyanoterephthalidene)]이며, 이 물질은 반복되는 주쇄에서 강한 전자 주게 그룹과 강한 전자 받게 그룹을 가지고 있다. PECCP 발광층을 제작하는데는 Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)법을 사용하였으며, 누적 층수에 의해 금속/고분자 계면의 특성을 조사하였다. 소자의 구조는 ITO/PECCP LB/Al과 ITO/PECCP LB/$Alq_3$/Al이며, ITO와 $Alq_3$ 사이에 발광층으로써 PECCP LB막을 도입하였다. 여기서 $Alq_3$는 전자 전달 층으로 사용되었다. PECCP LB막의 UV/visible 흡수 피크는 약 410mm에서, PL 피크는 약 536mm에서, 그리고 EL 피크도 역시 약 536nm에서 관찰되었다. 또한 $Alq_3$를 도입한 구조에서의 EL 피크 측정 결과 다양한 발광피크가 관측되었으며, Fowler-Nordheim 분석법을 이용하여 금속의 유기 막에 대한 일함수 값을 계산하였으며, 금속의 유기 막에 대한 일함수 값은 $0.18{\sim}0.26eV$이 계산되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1341-1347
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• 2007

The displacement field (Optical flow) has been calculated by bottom-up approaches based on local processing. In contrast with them, in this paper, a top-down approach based on expanding in turn from the lowest order mode the whole motion in an image pair of sequential images is proposed. The intensity of medical images usually represents a quantity which is conserved during the motion. Hence sequential images are ideally related by a coordinate transformation. The displacement field can be determined from the generalized moments of the two images. The equations which transform arbitrary generalized moments from a source image to a target image are expressed as a function of the displacement field. The appareent displacement field is then computed iteratively by a projection method which utilizes the functional derivatives of the linearized moment equations. This method is demonstrated using a pair of sequential heart images. For comparative evaluation, we applied Horn and Schunck's method, a standard multigrid method, and our proposed algorithm to sequential image.