• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2009

By analysis of pyruvic acid and sugar levels in bulbs, leaf sheaths, and leaves, and with regard to phyllotaxis, it was shown that the lower portion of each plant component had the greatest pyruvic acid content, the upper portion less, and the middle portion the lowest. When bulb scales were examined, pyruvic acid content was lowest in the second bulb scale from the papery scale. Pyruvic acid level increased toward the inner portion of the bulb. Pyruvic acid levels in leaf sheaths and leaves were greater than those in the bulb during the early stages of bulb growth. However, at harvest, the pyruvic acid content of bulbs increased slightly, whereas those of leaf sheaths and leaves decreased markedly. Tissue sugar contents were similar at the beginning of bulb growth. However, bulb sugar content increased greatly as the bulb grew, and sugar contents of leaf sheaths and leaves decreased. With respect to phyllotaxis, outer older leaves had the lowest total sugar and pyruvic acid contents. Young leaves showed a tendency to have less pyruvic acid and sugar compared with mature leaves.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.135-166
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• 1977

Some biochemical features of varietal variation in seed protein and their implications for soybean breeding for high protein were pursued employing 86 soybean varieties of Korea, Japan, and the U.S.A. origins. Also, studied comparatively was the temporal pattern of protein components accumulation during seed development characteristic to the high protein variety. Seed protein content of the 86 soybean varieties varied 34.4 to 50.6%. Non-existence of variety having high content of both protein and oil, or high protein content with average oil content as well as high negative correlation between the content of protein and oil (r=-0.73$^{**}$) indicate strongly a great difficulty to breed high protein variety while conserving oil content. The total content of essential amino acids varied 32.82 to 36.63% and the total content of sulfur-containing amino acids varied 2.09 to 2.73% as tested for 12 varieties differing protein content from 40.0 to 50.6%. The content of methionine was positively correlated with the content of glutamic acid, which was the major amino acid (18.5%) in seed protein of soybean. In particular, the varieties Bongeui and Saikai ＃20 had high protein content as well as high content of sulfur-containing amino acids. The content of lysine was negatively correlated with that of isoleucine, but positively correlated with protein content. The content of alanine, valine or leucine was correlated positively with oil content. The seed protein of soybean was built with 12 to 16 components depending on variety as revealed on disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 86 varieties were classified into 11 groups of characteristic electrophoretic pattern. The protein component of Rm=0.14(b) showed the greatest varietal variation among the components in their relative contents, and negative correlation with the content of the other components, while the protein component of Rm=0.06(a) had a significant, positive correlation with protein content. There was sequential phases of rapid decrease, slow increase and stay in the protein content during seed development. Shorter period and lower rate of decrease followed by longer period and higher rate of increase in protein content during seed development was of characteristic to high protein variety together with earlier and continuous development at higher rate of the protein component a. Considering the extremely low methionine content of the protein component a, breeding for high protein content may result in lower quality of soybean protein.n.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.592-599
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• 2017

This study examined the nutritional compositions of seven raw and blanched green vegetables: Amaranthus mangostanus L. (AM), Aster scaber Thunberg, Taraxacum platycarpum H. Dahlstedt (TP), Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC, Allium tuberosum Rottler, Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz (LF), and Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (EA). Proximate compositions (moisture, protein, ash, dietary fiber, and fat), minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, sodium, and magnesium), and vitamins (riboflavin and vitamin C) were analyzed in the study. In this study, moisture contents of raw and blanched green vegetables were 71.28~92.68 g/100 g and 76.90~92.09 g/100 g, respectively. The protein and fat contents of raw LF (33.38 g/100 g and 4.50 g/100 g dry weight basis, respectively) were higher than those of other cultivars. Ash contents of AM were significantly higher than those of their respective raw samples. Potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sodium contents of AM were 7,710.63 mg/100 g, 1,786.67 mg/100 g, 1,534.44 mg/100 g, and 743.18 mg/100 g, respectively. In the case of raw green vegetables, iron content of TP was 55.23 mg/100 g, which was the highest value among tested green vegetables. Total dietary fiber content of EA was 59.75 g/100 g, which was the highest value. Riboflavin content was highest in the raw and blanched LF (3.10 mg/100 g and 3.05 mg/100 g, respectively). Vitamin C contents of raw and blanched EA were 468.28 mg/100 g and 471.42 mg/100 g, respectively, which were higher than the other values. There were differences in nutritional ingredients according to different types of green vegetables. Therefore, it is advisable to evenly ingest various green vegetables.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 1965

Thirteen varieties of hemp, Cannabinus sativa L., consisting of four Italian, one Japanese and eight local varieties were used in the study on the fiber content and a satisfactory selection for the higher-fiber-yielding plants. In addition, the relationship among fiber contents at the ball setting stage, and at the maturity stage, primary fiber content, and total fiber content were determined. The results of the study are summarized as follow: 1. Fiber weight of the matured male plant expressed as percentage of the fiber weight to dried stems varied from 12.09 to 26.71 percent for the Italian varieties, 14.25% for the Japanese variety and ranged from 6.59 to 16.79 for the local varieties. It was shown that on the average, Italian varieties contained more fiber compared with the other varieties. 2. On the same basis, the average percent age of fiber for Italian male plants was 20.77 while it was 20.96 for female plants. For the Japanese variety, similar figures were 14.24 for male plants and 15.43 for female plants. By comparison, the average percent fiber for the male plants of Korean varieties was only 10.34 but averaged 16.79 for female plants. In this experiment, female plants contained a greater percentage of fiber than male plants. 3. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between fiber content at the ball setting stage and fiber content of the mature plant. The correlation coefficient was r=0.942＊＊, while the regression equation was Y=0.28+1.03X. These data indicate that plant. selection by early testing at the ball setting stage is an effective method for the improvement of fiber content. 4. The correlation between primary fiber content and total fiber content was r=0.913＊＊, with a regression equation of Y=12.01+1.20X. It should thus be possible to obtain plants of higher total fiber content at maturity by the selection of plants which have a higher content of primary fiber at the ball setting stage. 5. From a study of the transverse sections from the hemp plant it was shown that Italian varieties have wide bands of primary and secondary fibers with narrow areas of woody material, while both Korean local varieties and Japanese varieties have narrow bands of primary and secondary fiber and wide areas of woody material. For hemp improvement, it is certain that a variety which has a narrow area of woody substances and wide area of fiber in its stem should be selected.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1971

Some major and minor geochemical contents, such as Zr, Br, Ni, Sr, Zn, Mn, Ti and Fe, of ninety-seven sediment samples from the sea off eastern Korea have been analyzed by the fluorescence spectrometric techniques. Concentrations of elements showed 22-962ppm Zr(averaging 194.4ppm), tr-220 ppm Br(averaging 138.2ppm), 31-141ppm Ni(averaging 89.1ppm), 118-3,494ppm Sr(averaging 448.6ppm) 27-134ppm Zn(averaging 92.5ppm), 38-1,043ppm Mn(averaging 664.2ppm), 0.04-0.42% Ti(averaging 0.29%) and 0.57-4.02% Fe(averaging 2.76%). The ratios of Zn/Ti 10$\^$3/, An/Fe 10$\^$3/ and Ti/Fe were 0.27-6.43(averaging 3.27), 2.25-7.76 (averaging 3.46) and 0.04-0.18(averaging 0.11), respectively. From the results of geochemical analyses of sediments from the sea off eastern Korea represented the different types of sediment pattern are considered between the southern part and the northern part of the sea. The bottom sediments of the southern part were characterized with higher Sr and lower Zn, Br contents; higher Zr and lower Br contents; lower Br and lower Zn, Ti and Fe contents; and lower Zn and lower Ti and Fe contents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1978

The present study was conducted to elucidate the pattern in changes of trimethylamine oxide and related compounds in the muscle of Alaska pollack during drying, especially referred to formaladehyde and dimethylamine. Three kinds of dried samples of Alaska pollack, sun dried, hot-air dried, and salted-sun dried, were prepared and analyzed for their contents of trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine, dimethylamine, and formaldehyde. The amount of trimethylamine oxide remained in the salted-sun dried sample was relatively higher than those in the other two samples. In the content of trimethylamine, the hot-air dried sample showed an exceedingly high value shelving forty-two times higher than the raw sample while the other two samples showed barely three to four times content based on the raw sample. The dimethylamine content in the hot-air fried sample was comparatively lower than those in the other two samples, the former marked about ten folds of the raw sample's and tile latter showed about fifteen folds, respectively. Refering to the content of formaldehyde, it decreased to eighty-three percent of initial content in the hot-air dried sample. On the contrary, it increased about two times initial content in the other two samples, respectively. As a tendency, the formaldehyde content appeared increased or decreased correlatively with the dimethylamine content, whereas the case was reverse for the trimethylamine content.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1988

This study was performed to analyze flavor components of foods, that is, total free amino acids, free glutamic acid(constituent of MSG) and nucleotide relating substances. Twenty-five foods popular to Korean were selected and prepared according to recipes of several cooking books. The results were as follows; In contents of total free amino acids, free glutamic acid and total nucleotide relating substances, similar Patterns were shown. The foods which their major food stuffs were meat, fish and marine products and which a large amount of soy sauce were added to, tended to show high contents. of those On the other hand, although major foodstuffs had relatively high contents of those, foods added other many sub-foodstuffs had shown intermediate contents of those. Soups and watery noodles had low contents of those because of their large water amount. Especially, foods made of vegetables without addition of soy sauce showed low content of IMP. In foods various ratios of free glutamic acid to IMP were calculated. Thus, the proper usage of the chemical seasoning containing nucleotide at various contents should be considered for efficient flavor enhancing effect.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.108-111
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• 2005

Studies were conducted to develop new breeding resources using wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) species. In 132 wild soybeans, the average crude protein content was $45.4\%$, ranged from $37.4\%\;to\;50.2\%$ and average crude oil content was $9.3\%$ showing lower than cultivated soybean. The average total amino-acids content was $19,214\;{\mu}g/g$, containing $252\;{\mu}g/g$ of methionine and $103\;{\mu}g/g$ of cysteine, a sulfur containing amino-acid. In ratio of individual amino-acids, the glutamic acid, methionine and cystein content was $16.1\%,\;1.3\%,\;and\;0.5\%$, respectively. The correlation between total amino-acid and sulfur containing amino-acid was not significant. Total isoflavone concentration was, on average, $1,105\;{\mu}g/g$ in wild soybean germplasm. As a result of comparison with total isoflavone and genestein contents, significant positive correlations were observed between total isoflavone and genistein concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.505-510
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• 1999

The seasonal variations of chemical composition of jujuba leaf were studied by analyzing general composition, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, mineral, phenol, condensed tannin, flavonoid contents. Fresh jujuba leaf contained 4.42~6.31% protein and 4.31~5.71% fat on wet basis. Jujuba leaf was rich in aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine, but methionine was a limiting amino acid. Four kinds of free sugar, i.e. glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose were found in jujuba leaf. The contents of fructose and glucose increased during growth, while the contents of disaccharides, sucrose and maltose, decreased. The main fatty acids of the leaf were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. Jujuba leaf was rich in K, Na and Ca, however, the amounts of Fe, Mn and Cu were low. The contents of Ca and Na increased during growth but the content of Mg decreased. The content of total phenolic compound was 0.83~0.89% and the content of condensed tannin was 0.40~0.45%. Two major flavonoids such as rutin and isoquercitrin were detected and their contents were 103.8~125.2mg/kg and 26.2~40.0mg/kg, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.1014-1019
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal contents of mudflat solar salt, salt water, and sea water produced in the nationwide salt pan. In mudflat solar salt, moisture contents were significantly different (p<0.001) between regions, ranging from 7.357% to 14.862%. Arsenic (As) content ranged from 0.007 ppm to 0.497 ppm, cadmium (Cd) from 0.000 ppm to 0.101 ppm, plumbum (Pb) from 0.000 ppm to 0.191 ppm, hydrargyrum (Hg) from 0.006 ppb to 0.180 ppb, and copper (Cu) from 0.039 ppm to 4.794 ppm between regions, which were significantly different (p<0.001). Further, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg contents of sea and salt water were not in excess of their criterion points. Our results suggest that heavy metal contents of mudflat solar salt, salt water, and sea water produced in the nationwide salt pan were at safe levels. However, continuous management of heavy metal contamination, such as PVC met, is still necessary.