• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.262-275
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• 2023

This study aimed to assess the preferences of African, American, and Asian panels, in comparison to a Korean panel, for various Korean rice varieties, including three japonica, two indica, and one Tongil-type, all developed by the Rural Development Administration in Korea. Regarding rice appearance, most panelists, except for the Koreans, favored long and slender rice varieties like 'Hanyeol', 'Hyangyeol', and 'Amissal'. In contrast, the Koreans preferred wider varieties like 'Sindongjin' and 'Deuraehyang'. Notably, the overseas panelists consistently favored rice varieties with high appearance quality in sensory evaluations of cooked rice. Both overseas and Korean panelists strongly preferred the indica rice variety 'Hanyeol' in terms of appearance quality and sensory evaluations. However, Korean rice varieties like 'Amissal' and 'Sindongjin' scored high in appearance quality with overseas panelists but received low ratings in sensory aspects, including shape, stickiness, and taste, compared to those for 'Hanyeol'. This suggests that considering sensory characteristics is important when exporting Korean rice varieties. Regarding taste characteristics preferred by the panelists derived from the correlation analysis between taste traits, Africans preferred rice with a smooth texture and no stickiness, especially favoring long-grain rice. Americans leaned towards rice with a slightly firm texture, some stickiness, and late aging characteristics. Asians preferred rice with a smooth texture, low stickiness, and long-grain varieties. In contrast, Koreans favored round rice with a glossy appearance, a slightly firm texture, late aging traits, and some stickiness. These research findings can serve as valuable data for the development of rice varieties for overseas markets and are expected to contribute to securing competitiveness in international markets.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 내함한의학이론(內含韓醫學理論) 기중삼응삼양적내용비상난(其中三陰三陽的內容非常難) 기원인사(其原因是)${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적내용비상복집(中三陰三陽的內容非常複雜), 특별시삼음삼양적시간배속매편화일양(特別是三陰三陽的時間配屬每篇不日樣) 본론문통과관우(本論文通過關于子) ${\ulcorner}$황제내경(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중삼음삼양적시간배속진행연구(中三陰三陽的時間配屬進行硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論), 운기지주기순서춰시오행(목화토금수)순서(運氣之主氣順序就是五行(木火土金水)順序), 저설명주기변화주요근거형지변화(這說明主氣變化主要根據形之變化), 운기지객기순서취시기지대(運氣之客氣順序就是氣之大小)(일양(一陽)${\longrightarrow}$이양(二陽)${\longrightarrow}$삼양(三陽)${\longrightarrow}$일음(一陰)${\longrightarrow}$이음(二陰)${\longrightarrow}$삼음(三陰))${\longrightarrow}$, 저설명객기변화주요근거기지변화(這說明客氣變化主要根據氣之變化) ${\ulcorner}$소문맥해(素問脈解)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속시음관(11월:태음)(的三陰三陽月別配屬是陰關(11月:太陰)${\longrightarrow}$양관(1월:태양)(陽關(1月:太陽)${\longrightarrow}$음합(3월:궐음)(陰闔(3月:厥廠)${\longrightarrow}$양합(5월:양명)(陽闔(5월:陽明))${\longrightarrow}$음추(7월:소음)(陰樞(7月:少陰)${\longrightarrow}$양추(9월:소양)(陽樞(9月少陽). 태양소음시음양세력적기초(太陽少陰是陰陽勢力的基礎), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏). 소양소음시음양세력적중간(少陽少陰是陰陽勢力的中間), 소이사위표리(所以杞爲表裏) 태음궐음시음양세력적전성기(太陰歐陰是陰陽勢力的全盛期), 소이상위표리(所以相爲表裏) 차료리적의사반영경락류주(此表養的意思反映經絡流注). 태음양명경류주신체전면(太陰陽明經流注身體前面), 태양소음경류주신체후면( 太陽少陰經流注身體後面 ), 소양궐음경류주신체측면(少陽厥陰經流注身體側面). ${\ulcorner}$령추경맥(靈樞經脈)${\lrcorner}$적12경맥류주순서시태음양면경(的12經脈流注順序是太陰陽明經)${\longrightarrow}$소음태양경(少陰太陽經)${\longrightarrow}$궐음소양경적표리경락위주(厥陰少陽經的表裏經絡爲主). 수선매기류주태음양명경적이유(首先脈氣流主太陰陽明經的理由), 취시후천수곡정미화호흡대기결합이형성경맥지기(就是後天水穀精微和呼吸大氣結合而形成經服之氣). 지후맥기류주소음태양경(之後脈氣流注少陰太陽經), 설명순행태음양명경적후천영양물질전입한열경락이위신(說明盾行太陰陽陽明經的後天營養物質轉入寒熱經絡而爲寫薪), 기차맥기순해궐음소양경적(其次脈氣盾行厥陰少陽經的), 인위한열경락지화기피궐음소양경지풍기조절이후조절조습경락(因爲寒熱經絡之火氣被厥陰少陽經之風氣調節而後調節操濕經絡), 비여작반시(比如作飯時), 화기취시소음태양경(火氣就是少陰太陽經), 풍기취시궐음소양경(風氣就是厥陰少陽經), 정내지반취시태음양명경.(鼎內之飯就是太陰陽明經). ${\ulcorner}$령추음양계일월(靈樞陰陽緊日月)${\lrcorner}$ 적삼음삼양월별배속주요시추관합합관추순서(的三陰三陽月別配屬主要是樞關闔闔關樞順序). 저양배서적원인시개문화관문과정(這樣排序的原因是開門和關門過程). 재춘하(在春夏), 양경락지맥기여개문관문과정(陽經絡之脈氣如開門關門過程), 수착추관합합관추순서순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞順序盾行), 재추동(在秋冬), 음경락지맥기여개문폐문과정(陰經絡之脈氣如開門閉門過程), 수착추관합합관추순행(隨看樞關闔闔關樞盾行).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical research of Cold-Heat of pattern identification(PI) focused on quantitative indicators for general people in Korea, through the review of OASIS, KISS, DBpia, NDSL database. Ten clinical researches were analyzed in this study. These research gradually started from 2004 to 2009 but there was no research after 2010. Diagnosis of Cold-Heat PI all was done through a questionnaire, 7 or most researches had not used the intervention methods. Quantitative indicators related to the Cold-Heat PI mentioned in the selected 10 researches are seven, these indicators include heart rate variability(HRV), electroencephalogram, Yangdorak, respiratory index, electrogastrography, acoustic analysis index, western health test index. Related to the HRV were 3 researches, but correlation of significant indicators was a few levels(R=0.026-0.090). So far, studies regarding at the quantitative indicators of the prior the Cold-Heat PI were few, and the results of the study showed that low statistical precision, a lack of biological basis. Refer to the current state, in the future, we expect that research of quantitative indicators of scientific evidence-based through calculated and precise research concerning Cold-Heat PI be regarded as important in Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.33-46
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• 2014

Objectives : Sosihotang is a typical prescription in Sang Han Lun. And the alternate chills and fever is a Sosihotang's typical symptom. Therefore I will study of how the syndrome of Sosihotang's alternate chills and fever caused. Methods : Examine the claims of the syndrome of Sosihotang's alternate chills and fever in Sang Han Lun. The scholar's claims are not all same. Thus, I analysis the claims of many scholars. Results : The syndrome of Sosihotang has two mechanisms. The move of defensive Gi(衛氣) can explain the occurrence of alternate chills and fever. If the defense Gi enter inside the body, it struggle with pathogenic Gi, the fever is occurred. On the contrary to this, if the defense Gi exits the body the chills occurs because of the lack of defense Gi. Conclusions : The syndrome of Sosihotang could be taken ill by tranmission or direct attack of exogenous pathogenic factors(直中). Symptoms chills and fever occurs due to the entrance and exit of defensive Gi.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2018

The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability and validity of the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire (CHPIQ). From July 2015 to December 2015, 120 participants, university faculties, filled out CHPIQ by the way of self-reporting. Then two Korean medical doctors independently diagnosed them whether they belonged to cold pattern (CP) or not, and heat pattern (HP) or not. We evaluated the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the validity using the sensitivity and specificity through receiver operating characteristic-curve. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) showed 0.754 (CP) and 0.753 (HP). The area under the curve was recorded with 0.884 (CP) and 0.786 (HP). The agreements between CHPIQ and experts were 82.8% (CP) and 72.9% (HP). The sensitivities showed 0.707 (CP) and 0.719 (HP), and the specificities were 0.935 (CP) and 0.736 (HP). This study suggests that CHPIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for estimating cold-heat pattern identification.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.134-144
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• 2006

Tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic method in traditional Oriental medicine. It has been especially accepted that quantitative analysis of tongue images allows the accurate diagnosis of the exterior-interior and cold-heat patterns of a patient. However, to ensure stable and reliable results, the color reproduction of such images must first be error-tree. Moreover, tongue diagnosis is much influenced by the surrounding illumination and subjective color recognition, so it has to be performed objectively and quantitatively using a digital diagnostic machine. In this study, 457 tongue images of outpatients were collected using the Digital Tongue Inspection System. Through statistical analysis, the result shows that the heat and cold patterns can be distinguished clearly based on the hue value of the tongue images. The average hue value (1.00) of the tongue's image in the cold pattern is higher than that in the heat pattern (0.99).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-101
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• 1997

The physiologic and pathologic theories of "The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine (黃帝內經)" were based on yin-yang theory. It has been an important constituent of traditional Chinese medicine, and the eight principal syndromes have been main guidelines in diagnosis and treatment. Recently it had an great influene on the formation of the pathophysiology of Constitutional medicine. Therefore each constitution menifests special pathophysiologic propriorities of the eight pricipal syndromes, especially specific to one's constitution. So we can recognize specific patterns of the yin and yang, cold and heat, exterior and interior, deficient and excessive syndromes through a series of processes distinguishing one's constitution. The theory of the Constitutional medicine, however, has contained those achievements in a new angle and view the problem from a little different standpoint. The dynamic relationships inevitably have caused certain changes and distortions in the meaning and application of eight principles. These are a progress in medical science, and this advance is the stirring venture of Lee jaema. This thesis has intended to show the delicate relationship between the two, and investigate into these "changes and distortions".

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop the diagnostic tool to distinguish between cold syndrome (CS) and heat syndrome (HS). Methods: A total of 1,753 subjects were divided into three groups, those are CS group, intemediate group, and HS group, by the mean and standard deviation of the cold heat syndrome differentiation score using 7 point scale consisting of 9 items. Demographic characteristics, diseases history, health status, Mibyeong, syndrome differentiation were analyzed. Results: CS is characterized by women, elderly, and low body mass index. CS has a history of thyroid disease, cataract, depression, osteoporosis, and HS has a history of prostatomegaly. CS receives less social psychosocial stress than HS, and the quality of life associated with health status is lower than HS. CS group has the tendency to be tired, painful, sleepless, dyspeptic and anxious. Conclusions: CS is a set of symptoms associated with decreased energy metabolism and decreased metabolic function, and is more likely to be unhealthy than HS.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the cold-heat pattern in patients with chronic constipation. Methods : Subjects with chronic constipation (n=30) and without chronic constipation (n=20) were recruited, interviewed and measured for heart rate variability (HRV). Chronic constipation was defined as functional constipation and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) with constipation based on Rome III criteria. We surveyed patients' general characteristics, categorized by cold-heat pattern, and took measurement of HRV for 5 minutes. Analysis was conducted among these three indices. Results : Women accounted for most of the subjects with chronic constipation (96.7%). In groups with or without constipation, the number of cold patterns was more than of heat patterns. The mean heart rate of subjects without chronic constipation was significantly higher than that of subjects with chronic constipation. No other statistical significance was noted among indices of HRV and cold-heat pattern. Conclusions : Through this study, there were few relationships between autonomic nervous system measured by HRV and cold-heat pattern in chronic constipation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.376-384
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• 2016

Systems biology is an emerging field aiming at a systems level understanding of living organisms and focusing on the characteristics of the whole network of them. The emergence of systems biology is partly because of the availability of huge amounts of data on organisms and the extensive support of computational technologies as the tools for understanding complex biological systems. The scientific understanding of Korean medicine has been obstructed because of the lack of proper methods examining the complex nature and the unique property of it. However, systems biology could give a chance understanding Korean medicine objectively and scientifically. Pattern classification is a unique tool of Korean medicine to diagnose and treat patients and systems biology would give a useful tool to interpret pattern classification. Various omics technologies has been used to explain the relations between pattern classification and biological factors and then many characteristics of pattern classification in various diseases have been discovered. Therefore, pattern classification could be a bridge to understand the features and differences of western medicine and Korean medicine and it could be a basis to develop pattern-based personalized medicine.