• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.703-714
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• 1998

Translation of a Korean text into a braille text causes no problem under the existing Korean braille-code System that maintains I: I correspondence between Korean characters and braille codes. However, reverse translation of a braille text into a Korean text would cause unavoidable mis-translation due to I : N correspondences between braille codes and Korean characters. The analysis shows that in Korean braille-code System, the major reasons for mis-translation are the conflicts between Korean Chosung (initial consonant) letters and numbers, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and punctuations, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and English mode delimiter codes, and overlapping use of the same braille code such as opening and closing parentheses. In this paper, we firstly established a reverse translation rule, that is to use an ordinary braille code unless the braille code causes any conflict in braille code sequences. If any ordinary braille code may cause some conflict during the reverse translation, an extended braille code that we propose in this paper must be used. In the experimentation, we cannot get any translation errors with the newly designed braille-code System compared with 25% of errors with the existing braille-code System.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.447-448
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 대중의 참여를 통해 캔 음료 제품의 점자 표기 실태를 파악하고, 음료 제조사가 이를 개선하도록 유도하는 방안을 제안한다. 캔 음료 상단에 표기된 점자를 촬영한 이미지에서 OpenCV를 통해 점자의 윤곽을 검출하고, 검출된 윤곽의 좌표를 계산하여 점자를 국문으로 번역하는 모듈을 개발한 후 서버에 이식한다. 서버와 통신하는 모바일 애플리케이션을 개발하여 소비자가 점자 이미지를 서버에 업로드하고, 점자의 인식결과를 확인할 수 있도록 한다. 점자 표기가 적절하지 않다고 판단하는 경우 해당 제품에 대한 정보를 기록하도록 하고, 제조사 별로 제보된 횟수의 순위를 제공한다. 이를 통해 소비자는 올바른 점자 표기를 제공하지 않는 제조사를 파악할 수 있으며, 제조사는 이를 의식하고 점자 표기를 개선할 수 있는 효과를 기대한다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.605-629
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• 1993

시각장애인이 정보를 접할 수 있는 방법으로는 청각과 촉각있으며, 청각으로는 어떤 음성매체를 통하여 사람의 목소리나 소리로써 의사전달이 이루어지며, 촉각으로는 시각장애인이 학습하여 익혀온 점자표기법으로 의사소통이 이루어진다. 이 촉각을 사용하는 방식인 점자표기법에 통일성을 기하고, 그 사용의 불편함을 해결하고자 일반 워드프로세서 기능에 점자출력이 가능하도록 한글점자번역시스템을 개발한 것이다. 그러므로 정보화 사회에 부응하여 많은 시각장애인들도 일반문자에 의한 교육 및 의사전달, 그리고 컴퓨터를 활용한 직업재활의 수단을 제공하는 것이다.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Braille can be said to be an essential means used for the visually impaired to communicate or acquire information on visual materials in their lives. However, the rate of interpretation of braille among the visually impaired is insignificant at 5%. As a result, libraries for the visually impaired produce various types of materials that can obtain various information for the visually impaired and also have assistive technology equipment to interpret them. However, the publication rate of Braille books is too low to purchase and interpret Braille books. In addition, the Braille interpretation rate is too low, and the purchase of assistive technology devices is too expensive and slow. Therefore, in this paper, we implemented a system that displays Braille using Arduino to help visually impaired people in addition to the existing methods they use to obtain information. For Braille display, Korean data is transmitted from Python through serial communication between Python and Arduino, and Arduino, which receives the data, compares the Korean data with the data in the array in the program and retrieves the Braille values of the Korean data. Here, the Braille value was expressed by controlling the servo motor perpendicular or horizontal to the body using white and black circles based on the Braille list.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

This paper explains a new design and Implementation of an efficient portable braille point system for visually Impaired person, The information systems for the visually impaired persons require efficiently designed devices, tools and accessibility to use the devices, and education support. These three conditions are the basic requirements of designing systems for the visually impaired persons, The system proposed in this paper satisfies the above three conditions. The system converts data and web documents between the braille and Hangul using an algorithm stored in a PC, and transfers the converted data to portable devices. And the portable braille device presents the transferred data in an electromagnetic way.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.177-185
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• 1998

한글의 가로쓰기와 세로쓰기 체계의 상대적 효율성을, 글을 읽을 때 관찰되는 시선 이동을 측정하여 비교하였다. 실험 1에서는 동일한 글을 가로와 세로 방향으로 제시하고, 글을 읽는 동안 시선 운동(머리 운동과 안구 운동의 합)을 공막탐지코일법(scleral search coil method)으로 측정하였다. 가로글 읽기의 경우, 시선도약(saccade)의 크기가 더 컸으며, 동일한 크기의 도약운동을 비교할 때, 세로글 읽기에 비해 상대적으로 도약운동의 속도가 높았다. 평균 고정기간(fixation duration)은 글의 읽기 방향에 따른 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 시선 도약크기와 도약운동 속도에서의 차이는 가로글을 읽는 속도를 높여 글을 읽는 시선 이동의 효율성이 가로글에서 상대적으로 높았다. 실험 2에서는 팔의 읽기 방향에 따른 시선 이동 변수에서의 차이가 글자극의 독특한 자극 특성에 기인한 것인지 혹은 시각 및 안구 운동 체계에서의 차이를 반영하는 것인지를 결정하고자 하였는데, 의미정보가 없는 점자극을 수평과 수직방향으로 제시하고, 방향에 따른 시선 이동의 차이가 글자극을 사용한 경우와 동일하게 나타나는지를 보았다. 점자극에서도 수평 방향의 시선도 약 운동이 보다 크고 정확한 경향성이 있었다. 이 결과는 사람의 시각 운동 체계가 수평 방향의 시선 이동에 대해 선호성을 보이고 있으며, 이러한 시각 및 안구 운동 체계에서의 차이가 글을 읽는 행동에도 반영되고 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2022

In this paper, an universal reduced input system that can represent Korean text message, English alphabet letter, special characters, and numbers is develpoed. The reduced keyboard input system has 5 number keys and 4 special function keys to reduce the complexity of inserting characters for the severely disabled. Also, mobile application is developed for the use of easy communication for the disabled.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

According to NIA (National Information Society Agency) report, digital divide is a vicious circle which makes quality interval of human's life between people who have information and relatively not. Especially in a smart phone society, there is a big problem between disabled people and normal people. This paper suggests a braille keyboard system for the blind to solve these problems. It is designed for portable use, convenience and quick text typing based on bluetooth communication technique. In text input test, all texts (Korean, English, number) were accurately expressed and typing speed was about 22 [c/m](characters per a minute). Especially, we design text2voice function to provide more accurate key input system. Popular applications such as call, alarm, message, kakao talk, internet, music, were performed without carring problems using the proposed braille keyboard system. The proposed technique is thought to contribute to eliminating the digital divide through the expansion of smartphone users.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-71
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• 1995

A psychological disturbance caused by letters in double image was termed as'letter sickness'.The effects of stimulus exposure time and letter familiarity on the letter sickness were measured to test a hypothesis that disturbances in eye movement and recognition stages is the cause of letter sickness.Letter sickness incteased significantly as stimulus exposure time lengthened from 50ms,100ms,to 3000ms.It was also significantly higher with familiar Hangul letters as compared with less familiar foreign letters and meaningless words as compared with meaningful words,respectively.These experimental findings imply that letter sickness is caused by the failure of adjusting eye movements to dismiss the double images.that the more familiar the letters.the more strongly the letter-identification process is commotted,resulting in the increased effect of disturbance from double image.and that the disturbance effect of double image is amplified when it is hard to extract the meaning from familiar letters.An experiment where subjects were made to learn Braille-like symbols consisting of 6 dots to test the hypothesis that the stronger the tendency to process the meaning of a symbol,the stronger becomes letter sickness due to double image,also showed that letter sickness significantly increased as a function of learning.