• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.211-228
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• 2023

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys are commonly used to monitor embankments, which is a nondestructive geophysical method. The results of GPR surveys can be complex, depending on the situation, and data processing and interpretation are subject to expert experiences, potentially resulting in false detection. Additionally, this process is time-intensive. Consequently, various studies have been undertaken to detect cavities in GPR survey data using deep learning methods. Deep-learning-based approaches require abundant data for training, but GPR field survey data are often scarce due to cost and other factors constaining field studies. Therefore, in this study, a deep- learning-based model was developed for embankment GPR survey cavity detection using data augmentation strategies. A dataset was constructed by collecting survey data over several years from the same embankment. A you look only once (YOLO) model, commonly used in computer vision for object detection, was employed for this purpose. By comparing and analyzing various strategies, the optimal data augmentation approach was determined. After initial model development, a stepwise process was employed, including box clustering, transfer learning, self-ensemble, and model ensemble techniques, to enhance the final model performance. The model performance was evaluated, with the results demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting cavities in embankment GPR survey data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2017

저수지 유입량은 효율적 저수지 운영을 위해 중요한 요소로, 이는 하류 하천 등과 복합적으로 연계되기에 통합적 수자원 관리를 위해서 정확한 추정이 중요하다. 국내의 일부 저수지에서는 상류에서 유입되는 유량을 측정하고 있으나, 모든 저수지에 대해 측정하기에는 현실적 한계가 있다. 한편, 한국농어촌공사에서는 유효저수량 10만톤 이상 저수지에 대해 수위 계측기를 설치하여 수위자료를 관측하고 있으며, 이는 수위-내용적 곡선을 통해 저수량으로 변환이 가능하다. 저수량 자료가 확보되면 물수지식 기반으로 간접적으로 유입량의 추정이 가능하나, 수위가 상승하는 구간에 대해서만 적용이 가능하기에 연속적인 자료의 확보에 한계가 있다. 이 경우 불연속 유량자료를 대상으로 수문모형의 매개변수를 최적화하여 장기간 연속자료로 변환하는 것이 한 방안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 수위 기반으로 추정된 간헐적 유입량 자료를 기반으로 수문모형의 매개 변수를 최적화하여 장기유량으로 변환하고자 한다. 수문 모형과 매개변수 최적화 기법은 각각 Tank 모형과 SCE (Shuffled Complex Evolution) 기법을 이용하였다. 매개변수 최적화를 위한 목적함수는 고유량 저유량 총량 분산 관련 지표에 가중치를 부여한 다중 목적함수로 설정하였으며, 이를 통해 도출된 다양한 매개변수 후보군 중 고유량 저유량 총량 유황곡선의 유사정도가 전반적으로 일치하는 매개변수 군을 선택하였다. 본 연구 결과는 미계측 저수지 유입량을 추정할 수 있음으로써 저수지의 효율적인 물관리와 용수관리 의사결정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

This study was attempted to provide a scientific basis for the problem of location selection by spatial scale for efficient promotion of projects related to green care farm complex. Location potential assessment system in local government scale consists of two major components from demand-side and supply-side consideration. The demand-side aspect considered the characteristics of potential users, while supply-side aspect used total 18 indices over 8 divisions under 3 fields. For the location potential assessment in district scale, total 8 indices under 3 major divisions were considered based on biological, physical, social, and economic environment. The application results of the location potential evaluation system in local government scale(excluding metropolitan cities) showed high location potential in southern Gyeonggi Province and near Busan Metropolitan City. As a result of applying the district-scale location potential evaluation system to Geumsan-gun, Geumsan-eup, Chubu-myeon, and Jewon-myeon have high potential. Further studies to improve the applicability of the developed indices are recommended by enhancing assessment indices, complementing base data, and reinforcing with spatial analysis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.775-784
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• 2023

With the increasing trend of extreme rainfall that exceeds the design frequency of man-made structures due to extreme weather, it is necessary to review the safety of agricultural reservoirs designed in the past. However, there are no local government-managed reservoirs (13,685) that can be discharged in an emergency, except for reservoirs over a certain size under the jurisdiction of the Korea Rural Affairs Corporation. In this case, it is important to quickly deploy a mobile siphon to the site for preliminary discharge, and this study evaluated the applicability of a mobile siphon with a diameter of 200 mm, a minimum water level difference of 6 m, 420 (m²/h), and 10,000 (m²/day), which can perform both preliminary and emergency discharge functions, to the Yugum Reservoir in Gyeongju City. The test bed, Yugum Reservoir, is a facility that was completed in 1945 and has been in use for about 78 years. According to the hydrological stability analysis, the lowest height of the current dam crest section is 27.15 (EL.m), which is 0.29m lower than the reviewed flood level of 27.44 (EL.m), indicating that there is a possibility of lunar flow through the embankment, and the headroom is insufficient by 1.72 m, so it was reviewed as not securing hydrological safety. The water level-volume curve was arbitrarily derived because it was difficult to clearly establish the water level-flow relationship curve of the reservoir since the water level-flow measurement was not carried out regularly, and based on the derived curve, the algorithm for operating small and medium-sized old reservoirs was developed to consider the pre-discharge time, the amount of spillway discharge, and to predict the reservoir lunar flow time according to the flood volume by frequency, thereby securing evacuation time in advance and reducing the risk of collapse. Based on one row of 200 mm diameter mobile siphons, the optimal pre-discharge time to secure evacuation time (about 1 hour) while maintaining 80% of the upper limit water level (about 30,000 m²) during a 30-year flood was analyzed to be 12 hours earlier. If the pre-discharge technology utilizing siphons for small and medium-sized old reservoirs and the algorithm for reservoir operation are implemented in advance in case of abnormal weather and the decision-making of managers is supported, it is possible to secure the safety of residents in the risk area of reservoir collapse, resolve the anxiety of residents through the establishment of a support system for evacuating residents, and reduce risk factors by providing risk avoidance measures in the event of a reservoir risk situation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.214-220
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 지역별 농업가뭄의 평가를 위하여 농업가뭄지표의 적용성을 분석하는 것이다. 가뭄발생 상황에 분석은 SPI, PDSI, SWSI, CMI, Decile 및 Percent of Normal에 대하여 농업가뭄에 대한 적용성을 검토하였다. 기존 가뭄지수에 대한 가뭄발생시기 및 심도에 대한 분석을 통하여 농업가뭄을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 농업용 저수지 저수율과 3개월 지체된 표준강수지수, 평년강우비율, 무강우일수 등 4가지를 농업가뭄지표로 선정하였으며, 이들 지수를 통하여 가뭄평가에 적용하였다. 농업가뭄 평가를 위하여 평시대비단계, 가뭄우려단계, 가뭄확산단계의 3단계로 구성된 기존의 가뭄단계를 가뭄진행상황의 판단을 위해 6단계로 세분하여 이에 대한 기준을 정립하였다. 농업용 저수지의 저수율에 따른 농업가뭄의 판단은 영농시기에 대한 농업용수의 공급에는 적당하지만, 겨울에서 봄으로 이어지는 영농준비시기 및 논에서의 영농이 끝난 후의 가을철 이후의 가뭄에 대해서는 대표적인 기준으로서는 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 농업용 저수지의 저수율에 따른 농업가뭄의 표현은 저수율의 지연효과, 저수율과 가뭄심도의 일반화된 상관성을 수립하기 어려운 단점이 있으므로, 영농상황에 따른 시기별 저수율의 고려할 수 있도록 구성하고, 표준강수지수, 평년강우비율 및 무강우일수 등의 지수를 이용하여 보완하도록 하였다. 이를 통해 제시된 농업가뭄지표 및 가뭄단계에 의한 농업가뭄 평가 결과 농업가뭄 발생시기, 지속기간 및 심도에 대한 적용성이 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 농업가뭄지표 및 농업가뭄단계는 농업가뭄 평가 및 웹기반 정보제공시스템의 구축을 통하여 농업가뭄 분석 및 판단에 이용하고 있다. 농업가뭄의 분석 및 평가를 위한 농업가뭄 평가시스템은 가뭄분석을 위한 자료의 수집 및 분석, 농업가뭄심도의 분류, 지역별 농업가뭄 상황의 도식화 등을 수행하도록 구성되어 있다. 농업가뭄 평가시스템을 통해 구축된 시기별, 지역별 분석결과는 DB를 통하여 관리되며, 홈페이지를 통하여 실시간 분석결과를 제공할 수 있도록 웹기반 정보제공시스템을 구축하였다. 이상과 같은 농업가뭄 평가 및 웹기반 정보제공시스템은 현재 한국농촌공사 농어촌연구원에서 시범운영중에 있으며 농업가뭄의 평가 및 대책수립을 위한 지원수단으로 효율적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2C
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

In this study, a series of laboratory column test on Suction Drain Method which is one of the way to make an soft ground improvement were conducted in order to investigate the effect of the Hardening Zones and the ratio of improvements depending on periods of the improvements and various applied suction pressures. On this occasion, the experimental conditions are followings; in the case of the periods of effectiveness, 4 days, 8 days, 12 days, 16 days, 20 days and in the case of the applied pressures of the Suction are -20 kPa, -40 kPa, -60 kPa and -80 kPa were carried out. As a result of test, settlement increased with suction pressure and duration increase, and gradually converged. Also, as comparing permeability decrease ratio with which calculated back from water content and numerically predicted using Hansbo's radial consolidation theory, measured value was almost coincide with predicted value when permeability decrease ratio was assumed as 2~3. Furthermore, the hardening zone was appeared within 7~8 cm of whole radial (25 cm).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2020

기존과 현행 수자원 관련 의사결정은 법, 정책 및 규정의 틀에서 이루어진다. 그러나 우리나라에서 재현되고 있는 물의 사회적 현안과 갈등들을 생각할 때 이들 의사결정을 위한 틀이 충분한 역할을 하고 있는가에 의문을 제시하고 다른 길을 모색할 필요가 있다. 본 논문은 물 의사결정과 행동을 주도하기 위한 기존 틀의 보완책 또는 새로운 대안으로 섬진강 유역의 수자원 이용 사례를 통하여 물 윤리의 도입과 제도화를 제안한다. 물 윤리(water ethics)는 물 정책, 관리 및 실무 등 실제행동의 복잡한 환경에서 우리의 가치를 적용하기 위해 채택하는 원칙이다. 대부분 물 윤리적 행동선택은 여러 개의 상충되는 가치를 포함하고 있어 원칙이 필요하며, 존중할 가치와 무시할 가치를 선택해야한다. 또한 이러한 가치 결정을 신속하고 효율적으로 수행하여 물 갈등해소를 지원할 필요가 있다. 물 윤리의 가치 영역은 환경, 사회, 경제, 문화, 거버넌스 등 5개로 분류할 수 있다. 섬진강 유역에는 1960년 이후 경제발전을 위하여 섬진강댐, 주암댐, 보성강댐, 동복댐, 동화댐 등 6개의 댐이 건설되었고, 이들 댐에서 확보한 수량의 60%는 섬진강 유역 외의 생·공용수, 농업용수 및 발전용수로 도수되고 있다. 송정지점을 기준으로 연평균 유출량은 댐건설 전·후에 40%로 감소한 것으로 추정되었다. 물 윤리 차원에서 이들 정책은 1960년 정부가 추구했던 경제 가치에 최우선하는 물 관리라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 물 관리는 하류로 흘러가는 수량의 부족을 초래하여 하구 생태계 훼손을 초래하였다. 특히 하구 기수역에서 상류 유입량 감소로 인한 염수의 유입으로 재첩의 생태환경이 악화되어 전통적인 재첩채취 어업문화를 이루어 왔던 어민들이 고충을 겪고 있다. 물 윤리 차원에서 섬진강의 물 관리는 경제와 함께 환경, 사회, 문화 및 거버넌스 가치의 비중을 높일 필요가 있다. 또한 하구의 환경생태 가치 보전에 필요한 환경유량을 확보하기 위해 공업용수와 농업용수 이용 효율성(재이용, 절약, 경제성), 생활용수의 수요관리, 공급시설의 최적 운영 전략을 물 윤리적 차원에서 평가해야한다. 최종적으로 확보된 환경유량의 효과적 활용을 위하여 그동안 물 관리에서 소외되었던 어민을 포한한 지자체, 수공·농어촌공사·한수원 물 관리기관, 중앙정부 등 이해관계기관의 거버넌스 가치를 높여야한다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.120-128
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• 2022

There are 17,000 reservoir dams in Korea, of which more than 85% were built over 50 years ago. Old embankment dams are weakened by internal erosion and suffusion phenomena due to preferential leakage paths and this ongoing weakening can cause their failure. Therefore, early warning associated with leakage in an embankment dam is crucial to prevent its failure. An electrical resistivity survey is a non-destructive, real-time and in-situ technique for detecting the development of leakage zones and general conditions of embankment dams. Because of its advantages, the electrical resistivity survey is widely used for reservoir safety inspections. However, the electrical resistivity survey is still not officially included in the precise safety inspection of reservoir dams because it cannot present a quantitative index of dam safety. In this study, we propose a method for calculating the leak index according to the water content evaluated from the electrical resistivity survey and/or induced polarization survey. Particularly, by proposing a quantitative leak index calculation method from monitoring surveys and independent surveys, we provide a theoretical basis for including electrical resistivity and induced polarization surveys as components of the precise safety inspection of reservoirs dams.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2024

In this study, we collected and analyzed the current status of licenses for the limited fishery business and divided the problems related to licenses for the limited fishery business into partial damage compensation and cancellation compensation areas. In the case of partial damage compensation areas due to existing public water use projects, it is suggested that the issuance of licenses for limited fishery businesses should be reconsidered. In the case of cancellation compensation areas, it is recommended that the disposition of communal fishery businesses that do not require capital investment should be the principle. If capital such as facilities are invested, compensation should be made by Article 52 of the Enforcement Decree of the Land Compensation Act if the licenses for limited fishery business are closed due to other development projects. In addition, we proposed an improvement plan to establish a rational management system for licenses for limited fishery businesses. In addition to these improvement measures, we hope that further investigation and research on licenses for limited fishery business, which have been insufficient so far, will be conducted to promote the comprehensive use of fisheries resources and waters and the sustainable development of fisheries that are the objectives of the Fisheries Act, and contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the people and the balanced development of the national economy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2021

As the measures for solving problems of modern city and farming & fishing villages through mutual cooperation and complementation, this study aims to present an integrated rural area development model by changing the farming & fishing villages from a food production-focused space to a service space for the whole nation including urban residents, into the direction of creating new vitality and jobs in farming & fishing villages. In order to establish a service space that could increase the life quality and happiness of the people, this study presented the K-FARM framework types that would integrate and arrange total four themes such as rental farm, experience farm, stay farm, and management farm. In case when this K-FARM framework is applied to rural areas adjacent to cities, especially farming & fishing villages around innovative cities, there would be great effects such as expansion of exchanges between public institutions and local residents of innovative cities. Especially, the theme model classified into four types could be applied suitable for the characteristics of farming & fishing village development project district that is currently operated. Meanwhile, to realize the construction of K-FARM framework, on top of demand analysis of rental farm, it would be also necessary to additionally analyze the urban residents' demand for experience farm and management farm.