• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.427-436
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• 2023

Je Baek-seok, who is well versed in poetry, calligraphy, painting, and sculpture, has established himself as the most outstanding painter and pavilion in the history of modern and contemporary Chinese art. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the art of the pavilion was developed greatly during the enlightenment period, with the emergence of many masters of the pavilion, including Jeonggyeong, Hwanghwangseokyeo, Oyangji, Jo Ji-gyeom, Hwang Mok-bo, and Oh Chang-seok. Je Baek-seok formed an original ritual under this social background. Je Baek-seok's tactics were formed by imitating works from the Hanwi period, and he harmonized Jin Kwon, Sopan, and Janggunin while using the penmanship of the Cheonbal Shinchambi based on the "Sasam Gongsanbi." In addition, by boldly using the Danipdo method, it is possible to use the human face as much as possible while fully exhibiting the artistry of calligraphy and adding to the atmosphere of gold stone. This paper mainly analyzed and reviewed the process of Je Baek-seok's transcription transformation and humanities practice from two aspects. First, it is planned to summarize the process of Je Baek-seok's transformation into a Jeonseo. Second, Je Baek-seok's humanities practice was analyzed. This paper will further understand Je Baek-seok's humanistic ideas and practical search by clarifying the originality of Je Baek-seok's engraving art with examples of Je Baek-seok's works, and it is believed that this will provide future scholars with learning paths and rich experiences.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Akey factor in evolution is reproduction, which is also a major concern in medicine. Evolutionists have proposed many theories and hypotheses to explain the low fertility rates of modern industrial societies, which are contrary to maximization of biological fitness. Given that childbirth is the most significant factor affecting reproductive fitness, it is likely that a variety of psychological modules related to childbirth behavior and intention evolved over time. Several evolutionary psychological modules have been proposed in relation to reproduction, including sexual desire, status-seeking, a need for nurturing, and the desire for children. Previously adaptive psychological modules may now be expressed maladaptively due to the discrepancy between the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA) and the environment of modern industrial society. Several evolutionary ecological factors influence childbirth intention in modern society, including individual personality factors, childhood life history experiences, and socioecological factors throughout reproductive life. By focusing on mental, social, and ecological factors, this review examines several hypothetical models relating to evolutionary psychological factors and childbirth decisions in modern industrial society, as well as a possible explanation for the low birth rate.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.348-354
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• 2023

A tattoo is a cultural form that has been handed down to mankind for a long time. Traditional tattoo customs that have been handed down and developed in the various cultures of mankind have the important value of academic research in various fields such as history, art, society, etc. The Derung people, one of the minorities living in Yunnan Province and nearby areas in the southwest of China, have 'facial tattoo' customs. The traditional culture of the Derung people, which had maintained the form of primitive society until 1949 when the People's Republic of China was established, was passed down through oral tradition, so there are no preserved materials about their tattoo culture, showing the need for research on the culture. Therefore, it was conducted in two ways: a research on modern and contemporary literature and a field trip to Yunnan Province. The exact reason and time of facial tattoo customs are unknown, but the customs disappeared after being banned in 1966 due to the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The symbols and functions of facial tattoos can be largely divided into four categories, including religious worship, coming-of-age ceremonies, aesthetic decorations, and ethnic and social history, through an on-site survey and research by modern and contemporary scholars. And, it is known that women of the Derung People get tattoos from the age of 7 to 8. The design of facial tattoos became more complicated for upper-class women and simpler for lower-class women depending on the area they live. Tattoos are mainly performed by relatives, and mainly bamboo skewers and lixivium extracted from the bottom of the pot are used as the materials. Currently, there are fewer than 25 women of the Derung people with facial tattoos, and most of them are elderly. Therefore, they seem to disappear altogether within a few decades. Therefore, it is urgent to have documentation on the unique facial tattoo culture of the Derung people.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.277-294
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• 2023

Science education researchers have discussed more effective STPD(Science Teacher Professional Development) based on a variety of perspectives, pointing out the limitations of traditional STPD. In this study, we selected eight major issues for more efficient STPD based on the literature review, summarized the literature review contents for each issue, and proposed a draft STPD standard based on the literature review. Using the draft STPD standard, a questionnaire for the Delphi survey was developed and a two-phase Delphi survey was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of 25 statements describing the STPD standard, and respondents were asked to indicate the validity and importance of the statement on a Likert scale, followed by an explanation and suggestions for revision. Twenty-one science educators and science teachers participated in the Delphi survey, and the results of the second round of the survey showed high levels of agreement on the validity and importance of all statements describing the STPD standard. For the content validity ratio and coefficient of variation, all statements met the criteria, and for the convergence and consensus, all but two statements met the criteria. Two statements were revised to reflect comments from the Delphi survey and were included in the final STPD standard. As a result, we developed STPD standard consisting of 23 statements in eight categories, and we discussed the disadvantages and advantages of the developed STPD standard and how to utilize them, as well as suggestions for future improvement and research.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.307-322
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• 2023

Rock-mass grouting plays a crucial role in the construction of dams and deep caverns, effectively preventing seepage in the foundations, enhancing stability, and mitigating hazards. Most rock grouting is affected by hydrogeological and rock engineering indices such as rock quality designation (RQD), rock mass quality (Q-value), geological strength index (GSI), joint spacing (Js), joint aperture (Ap), lugeon value (Lu), secondary permeability index (SPI), and coefficient of permeability (K). Therefore, accurate geological analysis of basic rock properties and guidelines for grouting construction are essential for ensuring safe and effective grouting design and construction. Such analysis has been applied in dam construction sites, with a particular focus on the geological characteristics of bedrock and the development of prediction methods for grout take. In South Korea, many studies have focused on grout injection materials and construction management techniques. However, there is a notable lack of research on the analysis of hydrogeological and rock engineering information for rock masses, which are essential for the development of appropriate rock grouting plans. This paper reviews the current state of research into the correlation between the grout take with important hydrogeological and rock engineering indices. Based on these findings, future directions for the development of rock grouting research in South Korea are discussed.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.279-289
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate features of leisure and recreation scholarship study in The Korean Journal of physical education based on co-authors network and topic modeling through using Word Cloud and LDA Topic Modeling(Latent Dirichlet Allocation). The data collected for this study are 2,697 papers published online from January 2008 to March 2017 on the Korean journal of physical education. Respectively ordered analysis targets are the major author, author of correspondence, co-author 1, co-author 2, co-author n in related document to explore studies' trends using the 369 documents. As a result, the co-author network analysis result found that 451 were linked to the research network, on average researchers had 1.52 relationships and the average distance between researchers was 2.33. The Representative author's concentration of connection was ranked high in the order of the following, Lee. K. M., Hwang. S. H., H., Lee. C. S., and proximity centers were shown in Seo K. B., Han. J. H., Kim. K. J. Finally, parameter-centric features appeared in order of Lee. C. W. and Seo. K. B. was most actively connected between the researchers of the leisure-related academic papers. Future research needs discussions among scholars regarding the trend and direction of future leisure research.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2023

There are differing opinions among scholars as to whether "chuseo" (ugly writing) should be considered as one of the schools in modern calligraphy. Those who do not recognize "chuseo" argue that it lacks traditional rules for stroke formation and therefore loses its distinctiveness. However, the existence and development of "chuseo" are closely related to the constant exploration and reform of modern calligraphy, as well as the increasing aesthetic awareness and changing aesthetic standards of calligraphers with changing times. As a result, there are now more people who recognize "chuseo" as a legitimate form of calligraphy. Calligraphers who lead the times learn and accumulate experiences by adhering to traditional calligraphic principles. However, there are calligraphers who discard the traditional Confucian concept of "chungyong" (中庸) and display "ugliness" in their works. Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang are two such calligraphers who created their own style by incorporating ancient oracle bone inscriptions as their main focus and folk calligraphy as their bloodline. This paper aims to explore and study the definition and formation process of "chuseo" by analyzing the works of Ok Heung-hwa and Jeung Sang. At the same time, it aims to summarize the characteristics and aesthetic beauty of "chuseo".

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.437-444
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• 2023

With the development of modern society, society provides people with a quick and convenient life, but it also causes anxiety, depression, other psychological and mental illnesses, so art can also be used as a way and path to treating psychological disorders. Art therapy is a creative method of delivery used in therapy, resulting from the fusion of art and psychotherapy. Art is a service and public art activity, mainly aimed at solving human psychological problems, providing nonverbal expression and communication opportunities, and treating psychological and psychological entanglement by improving emotion, stability, and indirectly inappropriate behavior through multi-disciplinary convergence. Art therapy, as an independent discipline, began in Europe in the 3rd and 40th centuries and was mainly influenced by two psychologists, Sigmund Freud and Carl (Gustav Jung). We Starting with the theoretical foundation of psychoanalysis, this paper explores the effectiveness of modern people's psychotherapy, analyzes the similarities between the two ideas, explores the application of art therapy and the development of science and technology, and provides the public with various ways of art therapy and the validity of science and technology.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2023

The genus Cottiusculus Jordan and Starks 1904 (Cottoidei: Cottidae) comprises four species worldwide, three species in Japan, and two species in Korea. Cottiusculus species are characterized by a compressed head and body without scales, except for lateral-line scales, a preopercle with four spines, a curved uppermost preopercular spine with small dorsal spines, and teeth on the upper jaws, vomer, and palatines. Two Cottiusculus species have been recorded in Korea: Cottiusculus gonez and Cottiusculus nihonkaiensis. Among these, "jeom-jul-hoet-dae" specimens were initially identified as Cottiusculus schmidti by many Korean Ichthyologists. However, since C. nihonkaiensis was reported by Kai and Nakabo (2009), most such specimens have been identified as C. nihonkaiensis. To clarify the taxonomic status of "jeom-jul-hoet-dae", we conducted morphological and molecular analyses collected from the coasts of South Korea, and compared our findings with previous reports. Japanese and Korean C. nihonkaiensis specimens mostly consistent in some proportional measurements, our molecular results indicate that they are the same species. C. nihonkaiensis, "jeom-jul-hoet-dae" distinguished from other congers by combination of following characters: simple nasal spines, two branched cirri at the upper jaw, cirri at the opercular, preopercular, and lateral lines, and a number of blotches below the lateral line.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4B
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• pp.345-354
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• 2006

Drought brings on long term damage in contrast to flood, on economic loss in the region, and on ecologic and environmental disruptions. Drought is one of major natural disasters and gives a painful hardship to human beings. So we have tried to quantify the droughts for reducing drought damage and developed the drought indices for drought monitoring and management. The Palmer's drought severity index (PDSI) is widely used for the drought monitoring but it has the disadvanges and limitations in that the PDSI is estimated by considering just climate conditions as pointed out by many researchers. Thus this study uses the SWAT model which can consider soil conditions like soil type and land use in addition to climate conditions. We estimate soil water (SW) and soil moisture index (SMI) by SWAT which is a long term runoff simulation model. We apply the SWAT model to Soyang dam watershed for SMI estimation and compare SMI with PDSI for drought analysis. Say, we calibrate and validate the SWAT model by daily inflows of Soyang dam site and we estimate long term daily soil water. The estimated soil water is used for the computation of SMI based on the soil moisture deficit and we compare SMI with PDSI. As the results, we obtained the determination coefficient of 0.651 which means the SWAT model is applicable for drought monitoring and we can monitor drought in more high resolution by using GIS. So, we suggest that SMI based on the soil moisture deficit can be used for the drought monitoring and management.