• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.195-203
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• 2012

Recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU) is the most frequent form of oral ulceration with a prevalence in the general population ranging between 5% and 60%. The peak age of onset is between 10 and 19 years of age, and it can persist into adulthood and throughout the patient's lifespan, with no gender predilection. The disease is characterized clinically into three types: minor aphthous ulcer, major aphthous ulcer and herpeticform ulcers. The cause of RAU is unknown and thought to be multifactorial with many triggers or precipitating factors that include familial tendency or genetic predisposition, allergy, medications, hormones, stress or anxiety, and immunologic abnormalities. The need for consideration of psychological factors in the pathogenesis of oral disease has been increasingly acknowledged over the last decades and many studies have highlighted the psycho-social impact of oral conditions. In this study, we tried to evaluate the influence of emotional stress in RAU. There were thirty patients with a clinical diagnosis of RAU and other subjects who did not show any signs of systemic disorders include RAU. They are evaluated by using modified Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). As a result, a significantly higher level of stress was found in the RAU patients than the control group. Therefore it can be concluded that psychological stressors play an important role in the RAU.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

Objectives：Few studies have examined the psychiatric properties or child developmental problems associated with inversion of chromosome 9. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychiatric properties of child patients who have inversion of chromosome 9, focused on behavioral problems and child developmental problems like motor or language developmental delay, intellectual impairment, and growth retardation. Methods：1) The authors examined the cases referred for cytogenetic examination from 1984 to 2000 at Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. The cases with the examination result of inversion of chromosome 9 were collected and informations about the departments which referred and the main reasons for referral were also checked. 2) 12 child subjects with inversion of chromosome 9 and their parents underwent psychiatric interview and parent questionnaire(child and adolescent past history questionnare, CBCL). 45 normal students whose sex and age were matched to patients were selected as a control group. Results：1) There were 165 cases of inversion of chromosome 9. The major departments which referred were Obstetrics and Gynecology(47.3%), Pediatrics(23.6%) and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry(17.0%). The major reasons for referral from the Pediatrics and the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry department (67 cases total) were intellectual impairment(35.8%), language or motor developmental delay(31.3%), suspected Fragile X syndrome(23.9%), and growth retardation(20.9%). 2) Compared to normal control group, the rate to be included in the clinical range with regard to the social problems profile was higher in patient group according to the CBCL results. The patient group had language and motor developmental delay. Conclusion：There is a possibility of inversion of chromosome 9 to be associated with child developmental problems or behavioral problems. This study is the first approach to evaluate the developmental aspects associated with inversion of chromosome 9.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-238
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• 2005

This study analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education currently found in elementary and secondary school textbooks. An attempt was made to develop the basic data needed to in the future provide students with pertinent in formation regarding the nutritional attributes of milk, as well as the desired consumption behavior, within the school education system. To attain the objectives of this study, the researcher analyzed the contents of the milk-related nutrition education described in elementary and secondary school textbooks(1st-10th grades). Based on the results of this analysis, measures were developed to organize the contents of the milk-related nutrition education that should be taught within the school education system. At the elementary school level, milk-related nutrition education was included in the textbooks for the integrated curriculum for the lower grades, as well as in the science, practical arts, and physical education textbooks for every grade, except the End and the 6th. The practical arts textbook, which contained basic knowledge related to the nutritional attributes of milk and the proper method in which to intake milk, was found to be the one which dealt with milk-related nutrition education in the most detail. At the secondary school level. milk-related nutrition education was included in the 7th-10th grade textbooks for the science, technology and home economics, and physical education courses. In this instance. the technology and home economics textbooks were the ones which were found to contain the most milk-related nutrition education covering such aspects as the nutritional attributes of milk, the special characteristics of milk as a food. how to select and store milk. as well as how to use milk as part of a balanced diet in everyday life. However, as was the case at the elementary school levet the repetitious nature of the milk-related contents found in the textbooks for various school subjects and at different school levels, as well as the inefficient hierarchical structure in which the knowledge is presented, were identified as key problems. There is a need to establish the appropriate milk-related nutrition education for each school level. The need to develop education programs, which could be linked to the school subjects and special milk programs, was also emphasized.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were intended to examine by variables influencing gender equality consciousness in middle school students and provide basic materials useful for their education of gender equality consciousness by finding out variables influencing equality consciousness. The subjects were the 1,201 students who studied at middle schools in Jeonllabuk-do. Using structured questionnaire surveyed. Data were analyzed with Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Std, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, t-test, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC WIN 14.0 program. The major findings were as follows: 1. The mean value of gender equality consciousness in middle school students was 3.89 in the whole, 3.88 in home life, 3.92 in school life, 4.04 in the workplace, and 3.70 in social and cultural life, suggesting high value in all areas. While the workplace and the school life showed higher gender equality consciousness than the whole, the home life and social and cultural life showed lower consciousness. 2. The whole gender equality consciousness were influenced by sex, mother's gender equality consciousness, homeroom teacher's gender equality consciousness, an enough schooling, desirable school types, perception of abolition of family-head system, and social gender equality consciousness. And the Middle school students' whole gender equality consciousness were explained about 32% by these variables.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.109-125
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in clothing and textiles education focused on primary and secondary school education. Among the reviewed articles published between 1989 and 2008 in four journals including The Journal of Korean Home Economics Education, The Journal of Korean Association of Practical Arts Education, Journal of the Society of Clothing and Textiles, and Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association, 175 articles were related to clothing and textiles education. The most popular research field was teaching contents followed by teaching-learning method and teaching material, while clothing selection and self-expression, the general focus on home economics education and making clothing and household utensils were the popular research topics. In terms of research methods, about three quarters of articles used survey methods followed by experiment method and documentary studies. The rapid increase in research on clothing selection and self-expression and the decrease in articles on making clothing and household utensils seem to have had an influence on the government revision of The $7^{th}$ Curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of family meals on eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among middle school students. A total of 302 participants were recruited from a middle school at Goyangsi. We asked participants about family meals, eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life, using structured questionnaires. Family meal questionnaires were classified according to frequency, rules, and awareness. The findings of this study were as follows. First, there were significant differences between rules(p<0.05) and awareness (p<0.05) of family meals and family type. Second, there were statistically significant differences between frequency and awareness of family meals and eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between rules about family meals and eating behaviors and quality of life. Third, we found that factors of family meal were positively related to the eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life at the level of statistical significance. Finally, we found that participants with a higher frequency of family meals and more positive eating behavior were more likely to higher academic achievement and quality of life than those in lower frequency of family meals and less positive eating behavior among middle school students. The frequency of family meals has a strong effect on higher academic achievement and better quality of life. In conclusion, engagement in family meals was related to better eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among middle school students. Our findings may warrant further studies to support the benefit of family meals in improving eating behavior, academic achievement, and quality of life among high school students as well as middle school students.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.5C
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• pp.664-672
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• 2004

Widespread popularity of wireless data communication devices, coupled with the availability of higher bandwidths, has led to an increased user demand for content-rich media such as images and videos. Since such content often tends to be private, sensitive, or paid for, there exists a requirement for securing such communication. However, solutions that rely only on traditional compute-intensive security mechanisms are unsuitable for resource-constrained wireless and embedded devices. In this paper, we propose a selective partial image encryption scheme for image data hiding , which enables highly efficient secure communication of image data to and from resource constrained wireless devices. The encryption scheme is invoked during the image compression process, with the encryption being performed between the quantizer and the entropy coder stages. Three data selection schemes are proposed： subband selection, data bit selection and random selection. We show that these schemes make secure communication of images feasible for constrained embed-ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of ded devices. In addition we demonstrate how these schemes can be dynamically configured to trade-off the amount of data hiding achieved with the computation requirements imposed on the wireless devices. Experiments conducted on over 500 test images reveal that, by using our techniques, the fraction of data to be encrypted with our scheme varies between 0.0244％ and 0.39％ of the original image size. The peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR) of the encrypted image were observed to vary between about 9.5㏈ to 7.5㏈. In addition, visual test indicate that our schemes are capable of providing a high degree of data hiding with much lower computational costs.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to invent anger-inducing automatic thoughts examination for elementary school children based on its investigation for Korean one. I made the anger-inducing Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire(I, II) and made an examination of the contents of the automatic thoughts with it. Based on it, with preliminary questionnaire 90, I did principal component analysis varimax rotation and then final anger-inducting automatic thoughts examination of 40 question in 2 primary factor construction was consisted. I made 300 students carry out it to know its reliability, propriety and made 100 students carry it out at 2-week intervals test-retest. I divided them in three groups as low, middle and high according to its soore regarding anger-inducting automatic thoughts, I confirmed the variation of each group in positive thoughts, self-esteem, life satisfaction, anger, the result is same as follows; First, the content of Anger-inducting Automatic thoughts for elementary school students is revealed as unreasonableness(56.4%), retailation and passive, active offense(16.3%), blame and contempt(11.9%), injured pride and refusal(9.2%), absurd(3.9%), abandonment and avoidance(2.1%), self-abasement in turn. Second, said inventory is consist of 2 notion; first(20 questions) is blame, retaliation and second(20 questions) is injustice. Inner-item consistency of total 40 question is .97, Split-half reliability is .93, Test-retest reliability is .86. Third, criterion validity is revealed fine by reviewing the correlation between existing index related to the inventory of Anger-inducting Automatic thoughts of the elementary school students. Moreover, to find out discriminant validity, I divided three classes(low, middle, high) according to the score of said thoughts. As a result, there is certain variations when I confirmed variations in groups by reviewing the self-esteem, positive way of thinking, life satisfaction, anger.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1061-1066
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• 2003

Purpose : The rising prevalence of childhood obesity may be due to an energy imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Recently, consumption of beverages in children has increased. The aim of this study is to provide useful information for the prevention and the control of childhood obesity by assessment of variable beverage consumption. Methods : Fight hundred seventy seven children(M : F=1 : 1.02, mean age; 9.7 years) from two primary schools in Seoul in May 2003 were enrolled. Body mass index(BMI) was calculated and the degree of obesity was classified into normal, overweight and obese groups by BMI percentile. Parental BMI, socio-economic factor, 3-day dietary intake, calory intake and beverage intake were examined by questionnaires. We researched beverages and classified them into six categories, milk, other milk products, soda, sports beverage, other beverage. Results : The prevalence of obesity was 7.2%. The parental BMI of the obese group were higher than those of the other groups. There was no significant difference in birth weight, or parents' intellectual and economic levels between the obese group and the other groups. There was no significant difference in daily total calory intake between the obese group and the other groups. The obese group of 7-9 year-old-males was higher than the other groups in sodas, and sports beverages intake. The obese group of 10-12 year-old-males was higher than the other groups in total beverage intake and other beverage intakes. The obese group of 10-12 year-old-females was higher than the other groups in other milk products. Conclusion : Excessive intake of beverages is associated with childhood obesity. Efforts to decrease intake of beverages may be important approaches to counter the rise in the prevalence of obesity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and perception of adults concerning bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) products. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 502 residents in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. According to the survey more females in their 20s responded than males (45.2 and 54.8%, respectively). In total, 82.6% of respondents had an income of under 4,000,000 won per month and most were living in the city. The results regarding knowledge about bokbunja products showed that the bokbunja wine score was highest (3.66), and intake frequency showed that over half of the respondents had never eaten bokbunja products. The preference for bokbunja wine by males was higher than that for females, whereas the others products showed higher scores for females than for males. When asked about how they knew about bokbunja products, 37.0% of males and 46.9% of females responded a family member or neighbor. When purchasing bokbunja products, males and females answered that they considered taste, country of origin, and manufacturer, and price. Approximately 48% of the respondents answered that they purchased bokbunja products in the grocery and department store. As a result, popularization of bokbunja products was based on product development and sales promotion, and the product development factor significantly influenced preference for bokbunja products.