• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 2004

Osseointegrated implnats have proven to be successful in both full and partial edentulous patients since the 1960s and recently have shown successful results when used to restore single tooth missing. However, in most studies reporting the success of single implants, single implants replacing anterior teeth are more frequently mentioned than posterior single implants. Moreover, in studies regarding posterior single implants, the replaced region seemed to be variable; the maxilla, mandible and areas from the first premolar to the second molar were mentioned. However, considering the difference in bone quality in the mandible and maxilla, and the increased occlusal force in the posterior region, the success rates in each region may be different. In this study, the cumulative success rates and amount of bone loss of single implants replacing the mandibular first and second molar, respectively, were compared and analyzed to come to the following conclusion. 1. The 20 (20 persons) single implants that were placed in the mandibular first molar region were all successful and showed a 100% 5 year cumulative success rate. Among the 27 (24 persons) single implants replacing the mandibular second molar, 8 failed (27.63%) showing a 5 year cumulative success rate of 70.37%. 2. Among the 8 failed implants, one showed symptoms of postoperative infection and one complained of parenthesia. 6 implants failed after functional loading; 5 showed mobility and one resulted in fixture fracture. 3. After the attachment of the prosthesis, there was no significant statistical difference regarding the marginal bone loss in group 1 and group 2 during the checkup period (P>0.05). In conclusion, restoration of the mandibular first molar using single implants was found to be an excellent treatment modality, and when replacing mandibular second molars with single implants, poor bone quality and risk of overloading must be considered.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of panoramic radiological risk signs related with mandibular third molar extraction, and the relationship between these risk signs and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury after tooth extraction. Cases were defined as 1000 mandibular third molars extracted by surgical approach at Samsung Medical Center during the period from March 2001 to December 2006. Seven radiological risk signs were assessed on the panoramic radiogram by three expert oral surgeons. Clinical demographic data and severity of IAN injury were examined on medical records. Bivariate analyses were completed to assess the relationship between radiological risk signs and IAN injury. The radiological risk signs showed in 381 cases(38.1%). The incidence of each radiological risk signs were; interruption of IAN white line, 152 cases(15.2%); deflected roots, 141 cases(14.1%); darkening root, 119 cases(11.9%); diversion of IAN, 57 cases(5.7%) ; IAN narrowing, 37 cases(3.7%); root narrowing, 17 cases(1.7%); dark and bifid apex, 10 cases(1.0%). The incidence of IAN injury in cases with risk signs were: in the case of any sign, 3.6%; interruption of IAN white line, 2.6%; deflected roots 5.7%; darkening root. 3.4%; diversion of IAN, 5.7%; IAN narrowing, 3.7%; root narrowing, 5.9%; dark and bifid apex, 0%. No IAN injury was showed in 619 cases without risk sign (p<0.05). In conclusion, the presence of panoramic risk signs was associated with an increased risk for IAN injury during mandibular third molar extraction, whereas the absence of risk signs was associated with a minimal risk of nerve injury.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 1996

여러가지 교정장치 중에서 고정성 장치는 개개치아의 이동에 있어 가장 효과적으로 사용되는 장치이므로 그 작용기전과 역학적 관계를 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 고정성 장치의 탄선형태는 크게 continuous arch, segmented arch, sectional arch로 나누어 볼수있는데, segmented arch나 sectional arch는 힘의 작용점이 단순하고 interbracket distance도 길어 술자 임의대로 force system 조절이 가능한 반면 continuous arch에 서는 bracket geometry가 다양하고, interbracket distance가 좁아 force system의 조절이나 그 역학적 분석이 어려운게 사실이다. 저자는 공학에서의 3 dimensional elastic beam이 continuous arch의 형태와 유사한 점에 착안하여 continuous arch 의 force system을 분석하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 다양한 형상을 갖는 3개의 bracket geometry를 표본형상으로 설정하고 기울기, 변위 및 interbracket distance에 따른 힘과 moment의 변화양상을 분석하고, 저자가 임의로 제작한 불규칙한 치아배열을 갖는 3차원 모형을 일례로하여 0.016 NiTi archwire를 bracket내에 삽입했을 때 발생되는 초기 힘과 moment를 분석 비교해본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Bracket의 변위 또는 기울기에 따라 나타나는 힘의 양상이 선형 대칭적인 비례관계를 보였다. 2. Interbracket distance에 따라 나타나는 힘의 양상은 비선형 대칭적인 반비례관계를 보였다. 3. 3차원 모형에서 bracket 형상이 비교적 단순한 부위에서는 표본형상과 비교분석이 가능했지만 인접치의 형상이 복잡한 부위에서는 표본형상의 예측량보다 힘이 크게 발생 되었다.나타나지 않았다. 하악의 arch length discrepancy는 하악 절치의 MD/FL index와, 상악의 arch length discrepancy는 측절치의 MD/FL index에서 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4. 정상군과 밀집군의 각 계측항목의 t-검정 결과 하악의 arch length discrepancy, overbite에서만 유의차를 나타내었다. 검사에서 Plaque Index(p<0.01)와 Gingival Index(p<0.001)가 상당히 낮은것으로 나타났다. 겔형 불화주석군에서 한 증례는 미미한 치관착색을, 두 증례는 보통정도의 치관착색을 보였다. 치아탈회 연구에서는 겔형 불화주석군과 불화나트륨 양치액군이 치료후 치아탈회값에서 치료전 치아탈회값을 뺀 치아탈회값이 대조군에 비해 구강전체및 제1대구치에서 현저하게 낮은 값(p<0.05)을 보였다. 비록 겔형 불화주석군이 불화나트륨 양치액군보다 일관되게 낮은 치아탈회값을 보였을지라도 통계적으로 그 차이는 단지 유의성을 보이는 정도였다.는 골기질의 주성분인 type I 교원질의 합성을 선택적으로 억제하는 기능과 alkaline phosphatase의 활성을 크게 증가시키지 못한 점 등으로 미루어 볼 때, 골개조를 억제하는 방향으로 작용한다고 볼 수 있으며, 교정치료 과정중 골개조를 억제하는 부위에서 사용을 시도해 볼 수 있겠다.>신뢰구간은 상악에서 정상교합군은 $79.5-81.0\%$, 비발치군은 $81.6-84.9\%$, 발치군은 $70.1-72.2\%$로 나타났으며, 하악에서 정상교합군은 $79.8-82.2\%$, 비발치군은 $82.1-85.5\%$, 발치군은 $73.1-75.1\%$로 나타났다. 7. 최대치아근원심폭경합, 기저악궁폭경, 기저악궁장경, 최대치아근원심폭경 합에 대한

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 한국 소아 청소년의 파노라마 방사선 사진 상에서 나타나는 맹출 전 치관 내 방사선 투과상(pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucencies; PEIR)의 유병률과 병소의 특징에 대하여 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구에는 전국 10개 치과대학병원에 내원한 만 5세에서 14세 환자 3,000명의 파노라마가 사용되었다. 환자의 나이와 성별, PEIR이 발견된 치아의 종류 및 치아 개수, 병소의 치관 내 위치 및 크기를 조사하였다. PEIR의 환자당 유병률은 2.5%였으며 성별에 따른 PEIR의 유병률의 유의한 차이는 없었다. PEIR이 가장 많이 발견된 치아는 하악 제1대구치로 전체의 29.6%를 차지하였다. 병소의 56.8%가 치관의 중간 1/3에서 나타났으며, 87.5%가 치관부 상아질 두께의 1/3이하의 크기를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.365-369
• /
• 2008

This study analyzed the incidence of wound infection after the operation of mandibular third molar extraction in relation with antibiotic prophylaxis with the object of young and healthy patients. The study object was 1,177 mandibular third molars of 850 men of 20 to 25 years old without any specific systemic disease. Three methods of preventive antibiotic medication were selected according to the preventive antibiotic medication previously reported; three experimental groups were selected based on them, and the antibiotic used was amoxicillin($^{(R)}Kymoxin$, Yuhanyanghaeng, Seoul). The group 1 includes the patients that took the antibiotic orally before the operation(one hour earlier, 500mg) and for three days after the operation(250mg per time, three times/day), the group 2 is the ones that took the same antibiotic orally only once about one hour before the operation(500mg), and the group 3 did not take any antibiotics before and after the operation. And to compare the difficulties and the degrees of extraction during operations which can be possibly related to the wound infection after the operations, the mandibular third molars' impacted depths and extraction methods were investigated as well. To check if the wound was infected, observations with an internal of one week were performed twice after the operation, and the meaningfulness of the infection incidence was verified through Chi-square test using SPSS program(SPSS Inc., IL, USA). There was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic medication methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation among the experimental groups. As examining the relations between the mandibular third molar operation methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation, there existed a statistically meaningful difference in the infection incidence according to the operation methods(p=0.020). And there was no statistically significant difference in the wound infection incidence according to the impacted depth of the mandibular third molar. Therefore, it is thought that there exists little necessity of prophylatic antibiotics medication when extracting the mandibular third molar of young and healthy men without any systemic disease in general; however, in case when it is expected that the possibility of infection will be high or the wound on the tissue will be severe, it is sure that the prophylactic antibiotics medication will be necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2011

Introduction: Third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The impacted third molar causes many pathological conditions, such as pericoronitis, caries, periodontitis, resorption of adjacent teeth, and cyst or tumors associated with impacted teeth. Extraction is often considered the treatment of choice for impacted lower third molars. On the other hand, imprudent extraction of deeply impacted third molars can cause permanent complications, such as inferior alveolar nerve damage. Therefore, guidelines for the extraction of lower third molars should be set to prevent embarrassing complications. This study examined the indication and current trends of the extracted lower third molars in the dental hospital of a dental college. Materials and Methods: 557 extracted third molars were evaluated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Yonsei University. The chief complaint, diagnosis, age and degree of impaction were analyzed to determine the tendency for the extraction of asymptomatic lower third molars. Results: The percentage of asymptomatic third molars was 40.8%. In cases of full impacted tooth or full erupted tooth, the percentage of asymptomatic teeth was more than 50% (52.4% and 54.3, respectively). Among those partially impacted teeth, 73.1% of them showed symptoms, such as pain, tenderness and swelling. In terms of age, pericoronitis was evident at a younger age, and dental caries/periodontitis was the main cause of removal in those aged over 50. Twenty nine cases (1.6%) had teeth associated with pathological changes Conclusion: The incidence of pathological changes to the lower third molar was relatively low. Surgical extraction is recommended in cases of partially impacted teeth. In Korea, the incidence of asymptomatic third molar extraction was relatively higher than in European countries. More careful attention would be desirable to consider the risks and benefits of lower third molar extraction.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.523-533
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the alveolar bone surface following root separation angle in the mandibular second molars. The fifty mandibular second molars(which were extracted) were selected, and the alveolar bone surface following root separation angle of the selected teeth were evaluated. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The root separation angle of fifty mandibular second molars were divided into three groups. The first $group(10-20^{\circ})$ was made up of ten teeth, the second $group(20-30^{\circ})$ was made up of fifteen teeth, and the third group(30-40$^{\circ}$) was made up of twenty-five teeth. 2. The mean root separation angle was $28.1^{\circ}$. The mean alveolar bone rate on the mesial surface of the mesial root was 44.27%, on the distal surface of the mesial root was 36.52%, on the mesial surface of the distal root was 33.45%, and on the distal surface of the distal root was 25.28%. 3. The mean alveolar bone rate on the distal surface of the mesial root, which composed the root separation area, was 32.95% in the first group, 36.06% in the second group, and 38.22% in the third group. The mean alveolar bone rate in the mesial surface of the distal root was 31.40% in the first group, 31.93% in the second group, and 35.18% in the third group. 4. The positive correlation was found between the root separation angle and the alveolar bone rate in the root separation area.(P<0.05) Although the mandibular second molar is a very important tooth in the oral cavity, its treatment and diagnosis is very difficult due to the variation of its root form. When periodontal disease involves the mandibular second molar, the result of this study assists in its treatment and diagnosis.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제56권12호
• /
• pp.695-706
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ratio of 4 root canals and the incidence of Radix Entomolaris in mandibular first molars and find out anatomical difference according to number of roots by analysis of cone-beam CT images in a Korean population. Materials and Methods: Total 142 images containing mandibular first molars were selected from CBCT images taken from 2013 to 2017 at Gangneung-Wonju National University Dental Hospital. After reconstructing the image with reference to the Cemento-enamel junction, the root canals were detected at the bottom of the pulpal floor and the number of roots and root canals were analyzed. Various lengths and MLO-DLO-DBO angle were measured between each canal orifices and the external contour line of the tooth, and the distolingual canal wall thickness was measured. Student t-test was used for statistical significance. Results: Among the total 142 teeth, 4 canals were 42.2% and Radix Entomolaris was 25.3%. As the results of measuring various lengths and the angle, the distolingual canal orifice in Group 2(with Radix Entomolaris) tends to deviate to the lingual side than the mesiolingual canal orifice and to the mesial side than the distobuccal canal orifice. Besides, thickness of the distolingual canal wall in Group 2(with Radix Entomolaris) was significantly thinner than that of Group 1 at every level except pulpal floor level. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider the difference according to the presence of Radix Entomolaris in endodontic treatment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제60권2호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2022

목적: 이번 연구의 목적은 단일구조 지르코니아(monolithic zirconia) 크라운의 서로 다른 부위에서, 감소된 지르코니아의 두께가 파절 저항성에 미치는 복합적인 영향을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 7개의 니켈-크롬 다이를 제작하였다. 다이는 하악 제 1대구치를 치아 형성한 지대치 3D 모델을 바탕으로 제작되었다. 지대치는 1.5 mm 교합면 삭제를 시행하였고, 변연은 1.0 mm의 deep chamfer로 형성하였다. 이 지대치 형태를 바탕으로 지르코니아 블록(Luxen Zirconia)를 사용하여, 교합면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 축면 두께는 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm로 설정한 63개의 지르코니아 크라운을 제작하였다. 이 크라운은 니켈 크롬 다이에 레진 시멘트를 이용하여 접착하였다. 그 다음, electronic universal testing machine을 사용하여 크라운이 파절될 때까지 load-to fracture 시험을 진행하였다. 이후 scanning electron microscope (SEM)를 사용하여 크라운의 파절 형태를 관찰하였다. 통계 분석을 위해 Two-way ANOVA 방법을 사용하였고, 이에 대하여 Tuckey HSD test로 사후 검정을 시행하였다(P < .05). 결과: 모든 지르코니아 크라운의 평균 파절 저항 값은 구치부의 평균 저작력보다 큰 값을 나타냈다. 또한 Two-way ANOVA 결과, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(P < .05). 그러나, 지르코니아의 축면 두께가 0.5 mm 이상일 때, 파절 저항에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 나타난 파괴 양상은 균열의 전파 양상에 따라 크라운의 부분 파절 또는 완전 파절로 나타났다. 결론: 이번 연구의 한계 내에서, 극도로 감소된 두께를 가진 CAD-CAM 단일구조 지르코니아 크라운은 구치부 교합력을 견딜 수 있는 적절한 파절 저항을 보였다. 또한, 지르코니아 크라운의 교합면 두께와 축면 두께는 파절 저항에 유의미한 영향을 나타냈으며 복합적인 결과를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.464-473
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate relationship between the inferior alveolar nerve injury and the findings of panoramic and tomographic images for preventing inferior alveolar nerve injury after the 3rd molar extraction. Material and Method: From April, 2005 to June, 2005, The 190 patients who visited in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacia Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and the panoramic radiographies were taken for extraction of the mandibular third molar, was selected. Among 215 mandibular third molars, Scanora tomographic imagings were taken in the 90 teeth which were overlaped to the mandibular canal in the panoramic imagies. In panoramic radiographies, the angulation, the level, the root morphology, and the superimposition sign of the mandibular third molars with the mandibular canal were evaluated. In the tomographic radiographies, the location and distance of the mandibular third molar from the canal were also evaluated. The relationships between these findings and the inferior alveolar nerve injury were examined. Results: In the panoramic findings, the inferior alveolar nerve injuries were occurred in the darkened roots (5 molars, 7%), the uncontinuous radiopaque image (3 molars, 7%), and the depositioned mandibular canal (2 molars, 10%). In the tomographic findings of 90 molars, 20 molars also had the superimposition imagies. Five molars in those molars (25%) had the inferior alveolar nerve injury after extraction. There were 10 patients who had the inferior alveolar nerve injury. The sensory was began to be recovered in 9 patients, except 1 patient, within 2 weeks, then fully recovered within 3 months. Conclusion: These results indicate that the depth mandibular third molar and the superimposition sign may be related with the risk of the inferior alveolar nerve injury after extraction.