• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2007

Condylar resroption, or condylysis can be defined as progressive alteration of condylar shape and decrease in mass. Although the cause is unknown, condylar resorption has been assocated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, systemic erythematous, steroid usage, orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery. In most case, however, there is no identifiable precipitating event. Hence the term is idiopathic condylar resorption. With condylar resorption, the bone loss is resulting in a loss of posterior support in the involved condyle and the mandible can then shift. As a result, the most patients exhibit occlusal change, openbite, retrognathism, and a decrease in posterior face height. This article reports cases of condylar resorption. And the author will review factors capable of changes of condyle, pathogensis and management of conylar resorption.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2009

Condylar resorption, or condylysis can be defined as progressive alteration of condylar shape and decrease in mass. Condylar resorption is a poorly understood progressive disease that affects the TMJ and that can result in malocclusion, facial disfigurement, TMJ dysfunction, and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment and cephalometric characteristics in 224 patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006, by use of panorama, transcranial view and lateral cephalometric radiograph. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Total number of patients who visited with chief complaints of TMD were 2419 and 224 (9.3%) among them revealed the condylar resorption, Among patients group with condylar resorption, female was 183 and male was 41, females were predominant. 2) Patient's age ranged from 12 to 70 and mean age was 30.6 years old with a strong predominance for 10s and 20s. Distribution of a showed as follows; 10s was 26.3%, 20s was 34,8%, 30s was 13.8%, 40s was 11.2%, 50s was 7.1%, 60s was 6.3% and 70s was 0.4%. 3) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 4) The case of showing the pain in condylar resorption was 145, the case of not showing the pain was 79. 5) Treatment duration of the patients was relatively short. 2. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) ANB which means the retruding of the mandible increased significantly than normal group. The ANB of female was lager than male group as the means of ANB were 5.05 in female and 3.57 in male, 2) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in resorption patients, but FH-PP did not show any significant difference. The FMA of female was lager than male group as the means were 31.69 in female and 30.44 in male. 3) Total posterior facial height was significantly smaller and total anterior facial height showed no significant increase as compared with those of the normal group. Condylar resorption was predominant in young female which was caused by more vertical facial pattern in female than male and increase of parafunctional habit in young age. It was thought that the patients who have a risk factor increasing the compressive stress at condyle caused by obliquely inclined masseter and medial pterygoid show high prevalence of condylar resorption.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.337-346
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• 2006

Aims: The present study investigated the relationship between condylar resorption and craniofacial skeleton types(especially vertical relationships), the differences of craniofacial skeleton types between with open bite group and without open bite group, and the associations of anterior disc dislocation with or without reduction to condylar resorption with MRI. Patients selection and methods: Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), panorama, lateral transcranial and lateral cephalometric radiographs in 34 patients with condylar resorption were used to investigate this relationship. Results and Conclusions: Patients with the following specific facial morphologic characteristics appear to be most susceptible to condylar resorption: (1) females were predominant, (2) patients' age ranged from 12 to 50 years old with a strong predominance for 2nd and 3rd decades, (3) patients had high mandibular plane angle and high gonial angle, (4) patients had decreased vertical height of the ramus, (5) patients had generally significant antegonial notch, (6) patients had predominance of Class I occlusal relationship with or without open bite but mandible was retruded as mean ANB 5.54 degrees, (7) condylar resorption rarely occurs in lower mandibular plane angle facial types, (8) although no statistically significant difference was found, the open bite group had a tendency more hyperdivergent skeletal pattern than the non open bite group, and (9) imaging demonstrates from small resorbing condyles to idiopathic condylar resorption and TMJ articular disc dislocations. Thus, morphologic features of patients with vertical discrepancies may represent a risk factor for the development of condylar resorption.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment and cephalometric characteristics in 10s patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006, by use of panorama, transcranial view and lateral cephalometric radiograph. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Total number of patients were 59. Female was 47 and male was 12, Females were predominant and patient's age ranged from 12 to 19. 2) Most of the patients had Grade II condyle resorption. 3) The number of who had Class I occlusion was 27, which was the largest group. The number of patients with openbite was 20. Average overjet was 3.58mm and average overbite was 0.97mm. 4) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 5) The patients of showing the pain in condylar resortion was 41 and the case of not showing the pain was 18. 6) Treatment duration of 23 patients were less than 1 month, 28 patients were treated with supported therapy. 2. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) A 16-year-old female patients showed smaller SNA, SNB and larger articular angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 2) A 17-year-old female patients showed smaller SN, SAr, TPFH, ramus height and larger SN-GoMe, FMA, articular angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 3) Over 18 years old female patients showed smaller SN, SNB, TPFH, ramus height and larger ANB, FMA, SN-GoMe, LAFH, articular angle, gonial angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 4) Over 18 years old male patients showed smaller SN, TPFH, ramus height and larger FMA, SN-GoMe, LAFH, articular angle, gonial angle significantly as compared with those of normal group. 5) There was no significant difference between 10s and normal group in mandibular body length.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

악관절 잡음과 동통,과두 흡수를 동반한 퇴행성 측두하악장애는 교합 불안정과 개구장애 를 동반하기도 한다. 진단을 위해 CT나 MRI를 이용해 과두 형태 및 디스크 위치를 파악하 는 것이 유용한 접근법이다. 퇴행성 측두하악관절 환자는 CT나 MRI를 이용하여 진단하고, 과두-원판 재위치와 근 기능 개선을 위해 장기간 교합 안정장치 사용이 필요하므로 교정치료 기간에 변형된 교합 안정장치의 병용이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서 교합 안정장치를 병용하여 교합 재구성 증례를 CT나 MRI로 고찰해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical assessment, panorama & MRI findings and cephalometric characteristics in 42 patients with condylar resorption, who visited in the Department of Oral Medicine Kyungpook National University Hospital at 2006. The results were as follows; 1. Clinical assessment 1) Female was 34 and male was 8, females were predominant. Distribution of age showed as follows; 10s was 14, 20s was 13, 30s was 7, 40s was 3, 50s was 4 and 60s was 1 patient. 10s and 20s were predominant. 2) Most of the patients had parafunctional habit. 2. Findings of panorama & MRI 1) Most of the patients had degree of Grade II condylar resorption by panorama taking. 2) Most of the patients had disc dislocation and belonged to the degree of stage IV by MRI taking. 3. Cephalometric Characteristics 1) SN, SAr and saddle angle in female patients were significantly smaller and SN in male patients showed only significantly smaller than normal group. 2) SNA showed no difference from the normal group in both patients. SNB was smaller and ANB was lager in female patients than normal group. 3) SN-GoMe and FMA increased in patients. 4) Total posterior facial height & ramus height were significantly smaller. 5) Mandibular body length did not show any significant difference.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2020

It is essential to record maxillomandibular relationship accurately for the harmony of esthetic and function in complete denture. Gothic arch tracing visually demonstrates the movement of the mandible, and is useful to establish accurate and reproducible centric relation. Proper retention and stability of complete denture in patients with severe alveolar bone resorption is difficult to attain. In such case, the closed mouth impression technique might be recommended. The denture border and impression are determined by patient's physiologic movement in the closed mouth impression technique. And, denture peripheral border is entirely closed with oral mucous membrane. This report presents satisfactory complete denture restoration using closed mouth impression technique and gothic arch tracing in patients with mandibular condyle fracture and severe absorption of mandibular alveolar ridge.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 1998

본 증례는 측두하악관절의 퇘행성 변화를 보이는 환자에서 악교정 수술의 시행 전에 중심위교합장치를 통해 측두하악관절의 안정화를 유도하고, 또한 골스캔을 이용하여 장치의 치료효과를 평가한 임상증례이다. 환자는 24세의 여성으로 5년 전부터 전치부 개교합이 발생되기 시작하였고, 고형식 저작시 좌측 전이부에 간헐적인 통증이 발생한다는 주소로 본원에 내원하였다. 임상검사상 촉진시 양측 관절낭 후방부에 압통을 호소하였으며, 각각 50, 45mm의 최대개구량 및 최대무통성 개구량을 보였다. 좌측 악관절부에서 단순 관절 잡음, 우측 악관절부에서 염발음이 청취되었으며, 저항검사 및 부하 검사에서는 특기할 반응을 보이지 않았다. 약 7mm의 전치부 개교합의 소견을 보였으며, 파노라마 사진과 횡두개 방사선 사진 소견상 양측 과두의 크기 및 하악지의 높이가 다소 작은 소견이 관찰되었고 자기공명영상 소견상 양측성 비정복성 관절원판의 전방전위가 관찰되었다. 1997년 10월 27일 첫 번째 골스캔 소견상 양측성 비정복성 관절원판의 전방위가 관찰되엇다. 골스캔의 전방 사진에서 Densitometer를 이용하여 좌, 우측 과두부위와 상악 골부위의 가장 어두운 부분의 흑화도를 측정하였다. 각각 3회씩 구하여 평균을 구하고 좌, 우측 과두 대 상악골의 흑화도의 비율을 계산하였다. 첫번째 골스캔의 평균 흑화도는 우측 과두, 좌측과두, 상악골이 각각 0.88, 0.81, 1.32 였다. 1997년 11월 4일 중심위교합장치를 장착하였고 지속적인 물리치료를 시행하였다. 1997년 12월 10일 두 번째 골 스캔을 평균 흑화도는 우측 과두, 좌측 과두, 상악골이 각각 0.33, 0.37, 088 이었다. 1998년 1월 30일 세 번째 골스캔 소견상 두 번째 골스캔과 비교하여 활성도가 감소된 소견을 보였다. 임상검사시 무통이었다. 1998년 2월 25일 술 전 교정 위해 중심위교합장치의 장작을 중지시켰다. 1998년 6월 5일 네 번째 골스캔 소견상 이전 검사들과 비교시 흡수가 감소된 소견을 보였다. 네 번째 골스캔의 평균 흑화도는 우측 과두, 좌측 과두, 상악골이 각각 0.24, 0.19, 0.85 였다. 현재 지속적인 관찰 중이며 본원 교정과에서 악교정수술 위한 술 전 교장을 시행중이다. 결국 첫 번째 골스캔의 과두 대 상악골의 평균 흑화도의 비율은 우측과 좌측이 각각 0.66, 0.61이었고 두 번째 골스캔에서는 우측과 좌측이 각각 0.37, 0.42였고, 네번째 골스캔에서는 우측과 좌측이 각각 0.28, 0.23 이었다. 각 골스캔의 과두 대 상악골의 평균 흑화도의 비율 사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지 검증하기 위해 Standard t-test 와 ANOVA를 시행하였다. 이상의 결과에서 첫 번째, 두 번째, 네 번째 골스캔으로 갈수록 좌, 우측 과두 대 상악골의 흑화도의 비율이 유의하게 감소했음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 증례에서는 전치부 개교합이 발생되어 악교정수술이 필요한 환자에게 측두하악관절의 안정화를 위해 중심위교합장치를 사용함으로써 퇴행성 관절질환의 진행을 억제시킬 수 있고, 퇴행성 관절질환의 활성도에 대한 평가시 골스캔이 유용할 수 있음을 보여주었다고 사료된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-180
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• 1997

79 surgically managed mandibular condylar fracture patients included the 25 patients treated with Dr, Nam's method were analysed the postoperative resluts in Oral and Maxillofcial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University since 1993 to 1995. Mean patient's age is 32.5 years (range, 8 to 65 years), and follow-up periods were a minimum of 3 months to 28 months. 19% condylar fractures were associated with mostly symphysis portion. According to the patient's age, severity of condylar fractures, clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic findings, treatmenet plans had been performed. Rigid fixation have performed greatly, and then fragment removal of fractured mesial pole of proximal segment of the condylar and little cases of reshaping and eminoplasty and lag screw have been applied. Two cases of the both condylar resorption and deviated condyle posteriorly in Dr. Nam's method. None of infection or necrosis signs of treated condyle surgically. In my opinion, whenever possible, displaced condylar fracture can be managed surgically with rigid fixation, but not Dr. Nam's method. Usually if perform the surgical management of condylar fractures you should maintain maxillomandibular fixation for 2 weeks, or more and has to follow-up functional mandibular exercise should be kept continuously.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.211-224
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to examine the condylar surfaces in order to find out the types, the incidence and common occurrence area of the osseous abnormalities of the condyles according to the age, genders and the purpose of CT taking, and to compare those between the groups for TMD diagnosis and the other groups. 3D CT images of 199 patients which were scanned with the $i-CAT^{TM}$ Cone Beam Computed Tomography were collected from Sanbon Dental Hospital of Wonkwang university and the MPR images were transfered to the TMJ mode to be showed serial sagittal images and coronal images. The images were macroscopically examined by three independent observers for the types and incidences of the osseous abnormalities, their common occurrence area and general shapes of the condyles. As a result, type F is most common ever than type N. The common occurrence area in sagittal images is antero-superior and superior area except for type D-C which were showed on postero-superior area commonly. In coronal images, latero-superior and superior area is most common except for type E which were present on mesio-superior and superior area most frequently. The osseous abnormalities of the condyles are more common in TMD diagnosis group except for type D-C, that is type N and type D-C are more common in the other groups. In this study, abnormalities of the condyles are classified into 6 types and it has a common occurrence area each. And TMD diagnosis group shows a tendency to have higher rate for osseous abnormalities except for type D-C.