• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.385-391
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• 1998

Stroke is badly demaged for patient, family, society and country. To reduce a sequelae and return rapidly to society, treatment at acute stages is very important. In the research on xiafa(下法;diarrhea technique) used at the acute stages of stroke, the results were as follows. On the treatment of stroke, we are to control qi(氣) For it, sweeting technique(汗法), vomitting technigue(吐法) and diarrhea technique(xiafa ;下法) are used. For treatment on biaoshizheng(標實 reyufushi, 熱鬱腑實) at acute stages, tongfuxiexiafa(通腑瀉下法) is in general use. At acute stages, mental state is very important. Therefore, Xiafa(下法) have to conduct by zangfu(臟腑)'s law. At the acute stages, xiafa(下法) improved a whole body problems by treatment on a constipation and dysuria. We think that xiafa(下法) clinically effect on the cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure. In the future, experimental study is needed.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2008

在"四庫全書提要"上把張從正的"儒門事親"解題爲'惟儒者能明其理,而事親者當知醫也'. "儒門事親"的大旨主張驅邪而安正, 而且詳論汗, 吐, 下三法的理論和各科病証的臨床實踐, 因此論議着把當時的弊端弄正. 尤其張氏按照汗, 吐, 下三法的治病而採用的,不但好长时间研究"內經", "傷寒論"的結果,而且他经过运用另外治疗法并失败后, 探索的方法. 早就他說,'世之磨積取積之藥,余初學醫時,亦曾用之. 知其不效,遂改爲撤. 因考"內經"驟然大悟. "內經"曰: 木鬱達之,火鬱發之,土鬱奪之,金鬱泄之,水鬱折之', 把它进一步并解释'五鬱中木鬱達之者,吐之令其條達也. 汗者是風隨汗出也. 下者是推陳致新也', 积累臨床實踐的經驗并主张'所論三法,至精至熟,有得無失,所以敢爲來者言也'. 因此張氏通过使用'汗法'而疏通營衛, 使用'吐法'而條達, 使用'下法'而推陳致新,诱導了流畅气血并流通血气的作用. 尤其在"靈樞"的"平人絶穀"上寫着'胃滿則腸虛, 腸滿則胃虛, 更虛更實, 故氣得上下, 五臟安定, 血脈和利, 精神乃居', 胃腸不但正常地交替虛實和纳运幷轉化五穀的过程,而且對氣血臟腑的生理機能也有影響. 關于人體的'下法'作用機轉, 張氏主張'腸宜通暢', 也就是以这樣的认识爲基本. 論者已经在大韓韓醫學原典學會誌上投稿了關于"儒門事親"之'汗法'和'吐法'的研究,本论文上關于张氏的'下法',槪念, 種類及方法, 範圍, 規律, 禁忌, 調宜, 治療機轉方面上,通轣简單的研究而结束.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제9권
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• pp.95-110
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• 2000

이제마는 사상의학의 생리, 병리를 설명함에 있어서 상한론을 많이 인용하였는데 치법에 있어서는 상한론의 것과 일치하지 않으며 특히 소음인편에서는 상한론의 한법이나 하법에 대해서 많은 비판을 가하고 있다. 이에 동의수세보원 소음인편에 나타난 상한론 인용문과 동무의 의론을 한법과 하법을 위주로 비교하여 본 결과 사상의학과 상한론은 공통적인 사기의 개념과 병증구성상의 표리구조를 가지고 있었으며, 한과 하의 개념에 있어서도 별다른 차이가 없었다. 그러나 치료법에 있어서 사상의학에서는 소음인에 대하여 승양이 안되는 체질상의 부족을 보충하는 승양익기법을 중요시하여 상한론과 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-126
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper aims to study the educational meaning of Shanghanjiushilun in Shanghanlun education focusing on purgation therapy. Methods : Clinical medical records in Shanghanjiushilun associated with purgation therapy were chosen, analyzed and its educational meaning was studied. Results & Conclusions : 1. Xushuwei's clinical medical records are significant as it helps the readers think of various disease mechanisms by not omitting mistreatment of the other doctors. 2. Xushuwei's clinical medical records are significant as it helps the readers become aware of the importance of a differential diagnosis through questions and answers. 3. Xushuwei's clinical medical records are significant as it helps the readers avoid looking at one side of things through taking a comprehensive look at disease syndrome in various fields. 4. Xushuwei's clinical medical records are significant as it helps the readers escape unreasonableness by suggesting practical aspect managing the patient. 5. Xushuwei's clinical medical records are significant as it enable the readers to draw a new disease mechanism interpretation by making up for explanations of the pathogenesis quoting medical classics. 6. Consequently, in learning and teaching Shanghanlun, Xushuwei's clinical medical records have enough educational meaning as mentioned above.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2003

Background : Patient, family, society and country are badly damaged by stroke (CVA : cerebrovascular accident). To reduce sequelae and return rapidly to society, treatment in the acute stage is very important. In many studies on purgation therapy (下法) used in acute stages of stroke, the changes of blood pressure, pulse and so on before and after purgation therapy were reported. However, the changes in the human body according to the day elapsed after defecation were not reported, so study was needed to confirm such changes. Methods : Seventy-six patients were studied. We observed forty-three patients at acute stroke and thirty-three patients at convalescent stroke. To confirm the importance of regular defecation in stroke patients, we analyzed blood pressure according to the day elapsed after defecation. Results : The following result were obtained. 1. In stroke group, compared with the day after defecation, the mean blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased. It increased the most in the acute stroke group. 2. Especially in stroke and acute stroke groups, compared with the second day after defecation, the mean systolic blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased significantly. 3. In the infarction group, compared with the day after defecation, the mean blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased. It increased the most in the acute infarction group. 4. Especially, in the infarction and acute infarction groups, compared with the second day after defecation, the mean systolic blood pressure of the third day after defecation increased significantly. Conclusion : In stroke patients, regular defecation is important, so we think that purgation therapy (下法) is needed in stroke patients over the third day elapsed after defecation. We think that the bowel movement control in acute stroke patients is more important than in convalescent stroke patients.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.524-552
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• 1998

Purgation therapy has played an important role as a influential remedy from the begining of the Chinese medicine. Especially purgation therapy is raised as the effective remedy on the acute infectious disease in the book of 'Treatise on Febrile Disease'. But It was inclined to cold-nature and available only in the excess syndrome. Nevertheless it is evident that the book has showed an example of this therapy. During the middle age, purgation therapy is classified into several subtype; hydrogogue therapy, laxation with lubricants, purgation with cold-natured drugs and purgation with warm-natured drugs. Comparing with the ancient times, it must be a progression. It was investigated earnestly by a school leaded by Zhang Congzheng. They were not restricted to several diseases, but applied it to the wide range of diseases. They thought as following. 'One is ill from pathogenic factor so that you should eliminate it from the human body'. Hence, they frequently used three major remedies such as diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. In this process, purgation therapy had showed eye-opening progress. But opposition to it was not little. Li Gao was a representative man on the opposite side. He expressed a critical opinion and placed great importance on the genuine energy, the natural healing force. Under his influence, a large number of doctors evaded purgation and put it under taboo. On account of these trend, purgation therapy had took a backward step and retrograded. Therefore cathartics such as Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Rharbitidis Semen, cold drugs such as Gypsum Fibrosum, etc. had been excluded for preservation of the genuine energy, and came about an obnoxious custom to value only 'tonity deficiency', or 'warm and tonify'. As it had came into fashion to approach most disease from the point of view, purgation therapy was merely fall into a remedy of constipation. After the eighteenth century purgation therapy encountered the new period of rivival. It was introduced by them who strived for the study of Epidemics to the new current of thought, so called '增水行舟'. It was because 온병 was apt to dissipate one's Yin fluid. Therefore purgation therapy of this period was characterized by establishing nourishment Yin and body fluid with or without use of timely purgation of accumulation of heat. From the time of Zhang Congzheng, it was accomplished by Lee Je-ma to the most epoch-making change. He caused an improvement in the use of purgation therapy by regarding innate constitutional contradiction as importance than representing clinical symptoms. He warned that existing remedies that depend only upon symptoms and signs, not upon individual characteristics including constitutional features didn't bring round to but kill them. And he understood all the pathologic processes in his constitutional theory, investigated specific drugs on four constitution, made indications of each prescriptions clear. For giving to differentiation of constition before differentiation of syndrom, his new slant on the pathologic phenomena overcome the limitations of 변증시치, and revaluate purgation therapy from remedy impaire the genuine energy to that restore it by recover the balance between the internal organ. It is the product of him to fundamentally upset the cause to be in disregard of purgation therapy.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.550-557
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• 2002

광촉매용 TiO$_2$코팅 석탄회 복합체를 침전제적하법을 이용하여 합성한 후, $700^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 열처리하여 제조하였다. 석탄회 표면의 TiO$_2$ 입자 석출상태와 결정상은 반응용액의 pH, 침전제인NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도, 교반속도, 반응온도 및 TiC1$_4$ 의 첨가량에 영향을 받았다. NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도=1.0ml/min, 반응용액의 pH=6, 교반속도=1,000rpm 및 반응온도=8$0^{\circ}C$인 석탄회의 표면에는 약 10m의 TiO$_2$ 입자가 균일하게 석출되었으나,NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도=0.3 및 0.5ml/min, 반응용액의 pH=2 및 11 ,교반속도=300~500rpm 및 반응온도=5$0^{\circ}C$ 이하인 석탄회의 표면에는 불균일한 TiO$_2$ 입자의 석출이 관찰되었다. NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도와 반응온도가 증가하고 TiC1$_4$의 농도가 감소함에 따라 석탄회 표면에 석출된 anatase상의 결정성은 열처리온도에 따라 증가하였으나,800"C에서 rutile로 전이하였다 반응온도와 NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도 및 Tic14의 농도가 증가함에 따라 rutile상이 생성되었다. $700^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 열처리하여 약 21m의 anatase상 TiO$_2$ 입자가 코팅된 석탄회 복합체는 1.25g/㎤의 밀도, 82.8%의 강도 및 69.5Lab의 백색도를 나타내었으며, 광촉매로 응용이 가능하였다.능하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1097-1103
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• 2001

침전제적하법을 이용하여 점토 다공체에 TiO$_2$의 고정화를 행하였다. 1,15$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 급속가열하여 점토 다공체에는 수 mm~$\mu$M의 기공이 존재하였다. 침전제인 NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도에 의한 반응용액의 pH 변화, 반응온도 및 TiCl$_4$의 농도는 다공체 표면의 TiO$_2$입자 석출상태와 석출된 TiO$_2$입자의 결정구조에 영향을 미쳐 NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도가 0.8ml/min 및 pH가 6인 다공체 표면에는 TiO$_2$입자들이 균일하게 석출되었다. NH$_4$HCO$_3$의 주입속도와 반응온도가 증가하고 TiCl$_4$의 농도가 감소함에 따라 다공체 표면에는 anatase상 TiO$_2$입자가 석출되었다.