• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.68-77
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• 1992

The present experiments were conducted to investigate the variability of hypocotyl elongation among the major soybean varieties by checking several conditions. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The rate of hypocotyl elongation is the highest during the day from 3.0 to 3.5 after seeding. It follows that it may be reasonable to evaluate the hypocotyl elongation of soybean seeds by comparison of hypocotyl length. And the tested 15 major cultivars could be classified as follow ; long ; Eunhakong, Janggyungkong and Bokwangkong, medium ; Namhekong, Dangyung-kong, Danyubkong, Milyangkong, Dugyukong, Paldalkong, Mangunjoseng, Namchunkong and Seal kong, short ; Gwanggyo, Begunkong and Jangbegkong. The hypocotyl elongation in small seed is longer than large seed. Correlation coefficients(r) for the relationships between 100 seed weight and hypocotyl elongation is -0.2506$^{**}$. As the rising temperature, the hypocotyl length is elongated, and longest at the range of 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$. The effects G $A_3$ hastened the hypocotyl elongation of soybean seed, and ABA, Kinetin and BA inhibit it, and that of those in short hypocotyl cultivars are higher than long hypocotyl cultivars. Hypocotyl length of long hypocotyl cultivars are longer than that of short hypocotyl cultivars under high temperature pre -treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identify the treatment methods for the inhibition of lateral roots and promotion of hypocotyl enlargement using plant growth regulators for the production of high quality soybean sprouts. Inhibition of lateral root formation was not significant from the $CA_3$ and NAA treatments. From the treatment of BAP, lateral roots were not occurred at all, and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted at the low concentration of $10\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;and\;15\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Promotion of hypocotyl enlargement was higher as the BAP treatment time was shorter. The optimum time of BAP treatment was 6 hours. Occurrence ratio of lateral roots were low and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted from water supply every 24 hours after BAP treatment. In the indole B treatment, lateral roots occurrence was very low with the concentration of 1.1%, which is much lower than the optimum concentration of 4.2%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.634-639
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the variability of hypocotyl elongation of mungbean varieties. With four mungbean cultivars, which were classified as 4234-697 and Keumsungnogdu(long), Nampyungnogdu(Medium), and Seonhwanogdu(short), hypocotyl elong-ation was measured 4 to 6 days after seeding in paper towel at different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35$^{\circ}C$). Hypocotyl elongation of mungbean seed stored at 5$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 6 months was compared with of seed stored at room temperature. As the temperature rises, the hypocotyl is longer. The hypocotyl elongation started immediately at high temperature, and longest at the range of 30 to 35$^{\circ}C$. The hypocotyl elongation became longer at the 5$^{\circ}C$ storage plot than at the room temperature plot. Correlation coefficient (r) between 100 seed weight and hypocotyllength are not significant.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 1992

Culture condition for callus formation and plant regeneration were optimized by the selection of explants and the manipulation of hormonal combination in the culture medium. The calli induced from seed, cotyledon, hypocotyl and mesophyll segments were more vigorously proliferated under dark condition than those under continuous light condition. Hypocotyl-and cotyledon-derived calli were more regenerative as compared with those of seed and mesophyll. Callus formation from hypocotyl and cotyledonary explants was enhanced on MS medium with 1.0 mg/${\ell}$ 2, 4-D and 0.1 to 0.5 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin or BAP. The combination of 0.1 mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 2.0 to 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin was the most effective for shoot regeneration from the callus. The maximum frequency (24.0%) of shoot regeneration was obtained from the hypocotyl-derived callus transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.1mg/${\ell}$ NAA and 4.0 mg/${\ell}$ kinetin. The capacities for callus, root and shoot formation from cotyledon and hypocotyl explants were remarkably different among cultivars of B. napus tested. The calli induced from hypocotyl produced more shoots than those from cotyledon.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.429-436
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• 2003

The relationship between seeding depth and apical hook opening was investigated in the hypocotyl hook of soybean (Glycine max Merr., cv. Hwanggeum). Seeds were sawn in different depths (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 cm). The hook opening was slowly progressed with seeding depth. Hook angle opening velocity was negatively correlated with hypocotyl growth at the significant level of P<0.01. It was also clearly observed that seeding depth was positively correlated with hypocotyl growth, suggesting the induction of hypocotyl growth by deep sawing. Futhermore, the contents of fructose and glucose in hypocotyls were about higher than in cotyledons. Both sugars in hypocotyls were highest at the emergence stage. After emergence, their levels were obviously reduced. Total soluble sugar contents continuously retained in cotyledons which were grown at 2.5 and 5.0 cm seeding depths whereas the contents in cotyledons of deep sawn soybean were extremely lowered. It seemed that sugars were actively used to cell construction during the hypocotyl elongation. The results demonstrated that apical hook opening is closely related with light signal after emergence. It implied that the delay of hook opening in deep sawn seeds was resulted from hypocotyl growth in darkness. We suggest that apical hook opening is progressed in sucrose catabolism by light.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

Soybean sprouts presoaked to leaf extracts were on sale as taking a growing concern about wellbeing foods. The study was carried out to compare the effects of culture period after presoaking tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into 10% solutions immediately before 5, 6 and 7 day cultures. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyllengths; >7 cm (A),4 to 7 cm (B),< 4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Rate of A was the lowest in Junjery of the three cultivars, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. Similar results to that of A were observed between the three cultivars in sprout length including hypocotyl and root, diameters in middle and hook parts of hypocotyl, total fresh and dry weights. Regardless of tea and hard rubber tree leaf extract treatments, longer culture periods increased rate of A due to decrements of B, C and D, and also did the growth and the morphological characters mentioned above. Although longer culture periods reduced the increment of lateral roots, the latter treatment was more delayed in their formation and less in the roots per sprout than the former one. The growth and the morphological characters above were less in the latter treatment than in the former one in general, meaning that hard rubber tree leaf extract could more repress growth of soybean sprouts than tea leaf extract.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

Germination of soybean and growth of its sprouts should be affected by storage condition and period of seeds. The experiment was conducted to examine the effects of period stored at cold room and storage conditions on their growth and morphological characters. The seeds, cv. Pungsannamulkong, were stored at $3^{\circ}C$ for 1 or 2 years, and by the three different storage methods of indoor, cold room, or transfer of indoor to cold room. Compared to the seeds stored for 2 years, one-year seeds had higher rate in hypocotyl of longer than 7 cm, root and hypocotyl lengths, and more hypocotyl fresh weight although there was not significant difference in total fresh weight. In the storage method experiment, one-year seeds stored at cold room and by transfer of indoor to cold room showed better growth, more lateral roots and fresh weights, although only two-year seeds stored at cold room did the same response, indicating that growth of soybean was affected by period and method of seed storage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2005

Natural products has been occasionally used in place of growth regulators to control lateral root formation and growth of soybean sprouts. The study was done to measure the effects of treatment concentration of hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extract on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into water, its 5 and 10% solutions immediately before 6 day culture. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths; >7 cm (A),4 to 7 cm (B),<4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Rate of A was decreased with increased concentrations, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. Regardless of concentrations, the former rate was less in cv. Junjery than in cv. Pungsannamulkong and Sowonkong than in cv. Junjery although the latter rate was truly opposite to the former one. In 10% treatment concentration, lateral roots were less formed in cv. Junjery although nearly formed in cv. Pungsannamulkong and Sowonkong. In all the 3 cultivars, lateral roots per sprouts were decreased with increased treatment concentration. shorter and thicker sprout was observed in cv. Junjery than in the other cultivars, and in increased concentrations compared to relatively lower ones. Total fresh weight was the greatest in cv. Sowonkong due to mainly increment of its hypocotyl, but was reduced with increased concentration due to mainly decrement of hypocotyl in all the cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.73.1-73
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• 1999

알팔파의 하배축 (hypocotyl)으로부터 캘러스 유도 및 식물체 재분화를 위하여 2,4-D와 kinetin이 조합 처리된 MS배지에 조직을 치상하였을 때 4주 후 캘러스가 유도되었으며, 2,4-D 4 mg/$\ell$와 kinetin 0.1 mg/$\ell$ 그리고 2,4-D 4 mg/$\ell$와 kinetin 0.5mg/$\ell$ 조합에서 체세포배가 형성되었다 성숙한 체세포배를 MS기본배지로 계대배양하였을때 정상적인 식물체로 재분화 하였다. 이차체세포배 발생을 위하여 재분화된 기내식물의 자엽으로부터 이차캘러스를 유도하였다. 2,4-D의 농도에 따라 배발생캘러스의(중략)

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2002