• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2004

The study was conducted to develop new materials of functional foods from natural resources. Fortyeight medicinal plants were screened on inhibitory activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a protein elevating blood pressure. The water extracts of Armoracia aerial part, Cynanchum radix, Euonymus branch, Phyllostachys stem, Trichosanthes seed, and methanol extract of Silybum aerial part were showed strong inhibitory activity (above 70%) on ACE at the final concentration of $4,000\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Among the plant extracts, water extracts of Phyllostachys taeniam and Trichosanthes seed were especially showed strong inhibitory activity (above 25%) at $500\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. These two plants are expected good candidate for development into anti-hypertensive materials.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.3
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• pp.240-249
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• 2006

Recently, dispersion of damaged forest by pine wilt disease has been regarded as a serious social issue. Damages by pine wilt disease have been spreaded by natural area expansion of the vectors in the damaged area, while the national wide damage spread has induced by human-involved carrying infected trees out of damaged area. In this study, damaged trees were detected and located on the digital map by aerial photograph and terrestrial surveys. The spatial distribution pattern of damaged trees, and the relationship of spatial distribution of damaged trees and some geomorphological factors were geostatistically analysed. Finally, we maked natural spread pattern map of pine wilt disease using geostatistical CART(Classification and Regression Trees) model. This study verified that geostatistical analysis and CART model are useful tools for understanding spatial distribution and natural spread pattern of pine wilt diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The residues of abamectin 1.8% EC, resisted for control of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in pine tree were surveyed in tissue of Pinus thunbergii and P. koraiensis after injection of a liquid formulation. Limits of detection of abamectin in tissue of P. thunbergii were $0.05\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries at $0.5\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ trunk injection were 90.9% and 93.1% respectively in stem and trunk of P. thunbergii. Abamectin 1.8% EC, trunk injected in 15 m height P. thunbergii were detected in all stem (edible part of carrier insect of pine wood nematode, Monochamus alternatus) from 0.29 to $0.73\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ after 150 days injection. Amount of residue of abamectin 1.8% EC in 12.6 cm mean breast height diameter (DBH) P. thunbergii were variable depending on individual trees in natural forest. Amount of residues in lower and middle part of trunk were reduced with the passage of the injection time. In upper part of trunk were detected $1.84\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 30 days after injection however $0.65\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 15 days after injection and under detection limit on 100 and 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Bottom and middle parts of crown were detected $0.183\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.173\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively on 180 days after injection in P. thunbergii. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.80\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.30\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 20 cm DBH and 9 m height P. koraiensis. Mean residues of abamectin in crown and trunk were $0.67\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.36\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ on 170 days after trunk injection in 15 cm DBH and 6 m height P. koraiensis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

Antimicrobial activity of extract from some traditional oriental medicinal plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six oral pathogens, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei, which are associated with caries disease. The antimicrobial activity was examined by determining the inhibition zone using the disc diffusion assay. In antibacterial activity test, extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Chrysanthemum indicum, Kochia scoparia, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica and Caesalpinia sappan showed inhibitory effects (40 mg/ml) against tested caries bacteria. Especially, the C. sappan extract showed the strongest activity on S. oralis (40 mm), L. casei (35 mm) and S. mutans (28 mm). Thus, this result suggests that C. sappan may be applicable to preventing dental caries.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.952-963
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• 1998

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced hemostatic defects may result increased possibility of excessive hemorrhage and additional multiple transfusion reactions or reoperation. Particularly, fibrinolytic activation and decreased platelet count and function by CPB were proposed as a predictor of hemorrhage during postoperative periods in several reports. Materials and methods: Present study, which was conducted in 20 adult patients undergoing CPB, was prospectively designed to examine the hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation during and after CPB and to clarify the relationships between these changes and the magnitude of the postoperative nonsurgical blood loss. The serial blood samples for measurment of hematologic parameters were taken during operation and postoperative periods. Blood loss was respectively counted via thoracic catheter drainage at postoperative 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and total period. Results: The results were obtained as follows:Platelet count rapidly declined following CPB(p<0.01), which its decreasing rate was an inverse proportion to total bypass time(TBT, r=0.55, p=0.01), And platelet count in postoperative 7th day was barely near to its control value. Fibrinogen degradating product(FDP) and D-dimer level significantly increased during CPB(p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively), and both of fibrinogen and plasminogen concentration correlatively decreased during CPB(r=0.57, p<0.01), implying activation of fibrinolytic system. Postoperative bleeding time (BT), postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT) and postoperative prothrombin time (PT) were significantly prolonged as compare with each control value (p=0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). Total blood loss was positively correlated with patient's age, aortic clamping time (ACT) and TBT, while there was negative correlation between platelet count and blood loss at pre-CPB, CPB-off and the 1st postoperative day, and in some periods. Postoperative aPTT and postoperative PTwere positively related to postoperative 6 hr and 48 hr blood loss(r=0.53, p=0.02; r=0.43, p=0.05) but not to total blood loss, whereas there was no relationship between postoperative BT and blood loss at any period. Conclusions: These observations suggest that CPB results various hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation and severe reduction in platelet count. Diverse factors such as age, platelet count, ACT, TBT and postoperative aPTT and PT may magnify the postoperative bleeding. This study will be a basic reference in understanding CPB-induced hemostatic injuries and in decreasing the postoperative hemorrhage

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2019

In this study, 27 representative plants with symbolism and appreciation were extracted from 68 plants collected in Li Yu (1611-1680)'s monograph named 'Xianqingouji Zhongzhibu'. The interpretations were as follows. First, symbolism of plants could be summarized as 1) Li Yu thought that Paeonia suffruticosa was called 'the king of flowers', not only because of its beauty, but also because of its upright character. The only flower that could compete against Paeonia suffruticosa was Paeonia lactiflora Pall.. This flower was called 'the flower prime minister' by common people. But Li Yu thought that Paeonia lactiflora Pall. should also be included in the feudal princes. 2) Prunus persica and Camellia japonica were compared to 'beautiful cheeks', and Malus spectabilis (Ait.)Borkh, Jasminum sambac, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Narcissus tazetta, Papaver rhoeas were compared to 'beautiful women', expressing his love for flowers. 3) Li Yu called Nelumbo nucifera a 'gentleman in flowers' and Buxus sinica Rehd. et Wils. Cheng a 'gentleman in trees'. On the contrary, Daphne odora was compared to 'villain in flowers'. 4) Ilex integra was compared to a hermit, and Campsis grandiflora was compared to an immortal. Second, appreciation of plants could be organized by 1) Appreciation of plants required assistive tools. When going to suburb to enjoy the scenery, tents needed to be prepared. Paper screens should be used to appreciate Prunus mume in the courtyard so as to gain more elegant. Li Yu also proposed that ornamental objects should be properly placed near Orchidaceae so as to gain more elegant. 2）Li Yu took Lagerstroemia indica and Prunus armeniaca L. as examples to interpret that plants were as perceptive as animals and human beings. 3) Li Yu took Salix pierotii and Albizia julibrissin as examples to interpret that people should communicate with plants through five senses to produce resonance. And took Nelumbo nucifera and Rosa rugosa to emphasize the ornamental and practical value of plants. 4) Plants were metaphored sth. similar to them. An interesting example was Celosia cristata L. which was more like an auspicious cloud in the sky than the crest on the cock's head. To sum up, Li Yu personified plants and thought that people should communicate with plants by multi-sensory world when appreciating plants. Through this, it fully showed his love for plants. Meanwhile, Li Yu's symbolism and appreciation of plants, to some extent, reflected the elegant life of literati in the early Qing Dynasty.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

From the course of screening of useful enzyme producing microorganism from insect guts, we isolated 9 lipase producing strains and their lipase producing activities were tested. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that they were Gram negative bacteria grouped on Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Burkholderia sp.. Among them, an excellent lipase producing strain, Burkholderia sp. HY-10 identified by 16S rDNA analysis and biochemical methods, was further studied its lipase producing characteristics. It was isolated from a longcorm beetle, Prionus insularis and showed cell density dependent lipase producing activity in the culture media that contained olive oil as a carbon source. Maximum lipase production was achieved in the M9 media containing 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5% olive oil when cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36-42 hrs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 1992

The main purpose of this study is to obtain information on the factors influencing forest scenic beauty in order to make and manage scenic forest of recreation areas. 62 slides were taken for the study. Each photograph was independently judged by college students in 10 different major fields, with a total 264 observers after reliability test in the study. The ratings were scaled using a computer program developed by Brown & Daniel(1990). The results of rating scale analysis indicate that respondents' major field difference affects visual preference for forest scenic beauty. Similarly, with different sexual, forest visit frequency, and community type in childhood, people tend to rate their preference differently. The respondents' rating scale of relative scenic beauty of near-view forest scenes can largely be explained in terms of forest physical characteristics of forest landscape. Bare ground area and stash area are represented negative esthetic effects, while DBH, number of trees per hectare, sky area showed positive esthetic effects. These 6 variables in the model can be accounted for 74% of total variance in perceived forest scenic beauty. With this study result, it can be concluded that forest physical characteristics are significantly related to visual preference for near-view forest scenes.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2000

As the first step of a research on the establishment of control strategy for grapevine diseases and insects, the current status of pest control and yield losses by them were surveyed from grapevine growers of Korea. For insects, the most difficult to control was a grapevine stem borer and a grapevine clearwing moth was the next. On the other hand, several diseases including anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye rot, leaf blight, were answered by the growers. The occurrence of the pests varied to the cultural practices. Yield loss was more serious in rainfall intercept culture than in plastic film house culture and diseases caused more loss in yield than insects did. However, the grapevine grower's potential for the identification of the kinds of pests was not high enough. When the pest was observed, the growers consulted mainly with local pesticide dealers or neighbouring growers and usually applied the pesticides prescribed by the dealer. More than half of the growers did not use pest control calendar, and most of the growers applied pesticides before any symptom appeared. Also, more than half of the growers applied mixture of at least more than 1 kind of pesticide and nutrients. Insecticides were applied less than 5 times during the season, but it was more than 6 times for fungicides. In the pesticide selection, the growers checked control effect first, regardless of the registration, and the pest control cost per unit area varied very much depending on the growers.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.349
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• pp.90-94
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• 2006

“해마다늘어만가는지구촌곳곳의기상이변, 특히세계유전지대의혹독한풍수해가지난해와마찬가지로일시에밀어닥친다면올해도국제유가의고공행진은하늘을찌를것이다.” 고유가가대세로점쳐지고있는가운데 2 0 0 6년새해를맞아유가의고공행진에대한극단적인우려감이높다. 지난해지구촌이 겪은미국발 허리케인의공포가채 가시지 않은 탓이다. 고유가의정착으로 인해고통을감내한 세계각국은올해초 국제유가의향방을대부분부정적으로내다보고있다. 고유가의원인으로는수요급증에따른수급불균형을우선꼽으면서도고공행진의유가를촉발할여러가지변수도다각도로진단하고있다. 지난해40% 가까이급등한국제유가는올한해에도고공비행을계속할것으로보고있는가운데일부언론은유가 6 0달러시대는이제기정사실화됐다고보도하기도했다. 만약부정적인상황이온다면“WTI 가격은최고 8 0달러, 두바이유가격은최고 6 7달러수준까지상승한다”는전망이나오는가하면“미국과이란의정치적충돌로페르시아만폐쇄사태라도터진다면유가가배럴당 1 0 0달러까지도치솟을수있다”는 경고도 나오고 있다. 우려는 하되 긍정적인 시각도 있다. 고유가가 올해 인플레에 미칠 영향에 대해 경제협력개발기구( O E C D ) 의코엔빈센트수석애널리스트가바로이경우다. 그는최근의고유가는지난 7 0년대와 8 0년대초의석유파동때와는성격이다르다고전제하면서다음과같이진단했다. “당시는공급쪽의충격이컸으나이제는수요급증으로발생하는것”이라고지적하며“선진권경제의석유의존도가크게떨어진점도고유가의파고가큰우려가되지않는다”고밝히고있다. 국내 전문가들도중동정세가 안정되고 미국 경기가 크게 둔화돼 석유수요가감소할경우에도 O P E C의 적극적 감산이예상돼유가가 4 0달러대밑으로내려가기는어려울것으로내다보고있다. 케임브리지에너지연구소( C E R A ) 의경우브렌트유기준으로 지난 연말 배럴당 5 5 . 4달러에서 올해는 5 3 . 5달러로되레떨어질것으로내다봤다. 2006년미국과중국의석유수요가대폭둔화될경우배럴당 4 1 . 3달러까지하락할수도있다는전망을내놨다. 그러나주요산유국의공급차질로인한비관 적인상황이도래할경우엔배럴당7 6달러까지도급등할것이라는경고도덧붙였다. 하여튼 2 0 0 6년유가의향방은고공추세에다주변변수가어떻게잘마무리되느냐, 나아가돌발풍수해에따라선‘껑충’거릴수밖에없다는진단이우세하다. 새해를맞아최근의국제유가동향과나아가유가의향방및변수를진단해봤다.