• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.583-586
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• 2017

Infrared signal measurement are conducted from a micro-turbo jet engine with different nozzle configurations. The conventional cone type, a S-shaped type with aspect ratio 5.2 and five rectangular type nozzle with different aspect ratios are used for this experiment work. The result show that infrared signal from the exhaust gas decrease as the aspect ratio increase. In case of S-shaped nozzle, the maximum infrared signal is reduced about 28.4% when compared of rectangular nozzle with aspect ratio 5(AR5).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.596-597
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• 2017

In this study, the measurements of infrared (IR) signature were carried out using a small scale engine with the variation of the engine performance and target positions in the exhaust plume. The operating conditions of the engine were kept constant for each test, and the measured positions were sapced at refular intervals from the nozzle exit. The measured IR signature was calibrated by using a blackbody. The results of infrared signature measurements are shown in three bands for analysis of spectral characteristics. As the engine performance decreased and the distance from the nozzle exit increased, the IR signature decreased and the level of decrease varied according to the bands.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-26
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• 1999

The Ulleung Basin (Tsushima Basin) in the southwestern East Sea (Japan Sea) is floored by a crust whose affinity is not known whether oceanic or thinned continental. This ambiguity resulted in unconstrained mechanisms of basin evolution. The present work attempts to define the nature of the crust of the Ulleung Basin and its tectonic evolution using seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction data recorded on ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Although the thickness of (10 km) of the crust is greater than typical oceanic crust, tau-p analysis of OBS data and forward modeling by 2-D ray tracing suggest that it is oceanic in character: (1) the crust consists of laterally consistent upper and lower layers that are typical of oceanic layers 2 and 3 in seismic velocity and gradient distribution and (2) layer 2C, the transition between layer 2 and layer 3 in oceanic crust, is manifested by a continuous velocity increase from 5.7 to 6.3 km/s over the thickness interval of about 1 km between the upper and lower layers. Therefore it is not likely that the Ulleung Basin was formed by the crustal extension of the southwestern Japan Arc where crustal structure is typically continental. Instead, the thickness of the crust and its velocity structure suggest that the Ulleung Basin was formed by seafloor spreading in a region of hotter than normal mantle surrounding a distant mantle plume, not directly above the core of the plume. It seems that the mantle plume was located in northeast China. This suggestion is consistent with geochemical data that indicate the influence of a mantle plume on the production of volcanic rocks in and around the Ulleung Basin. Thus we propose that the opening models of the southwestern East Sea should incorporate seafloor spreading and the influence of a mantle plume rather than the extension of the crust of the Japan Arc.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.10 s.96
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• pp.947-953
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• 2004

As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on 'how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor' brings peoples' concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water, CORMIX( Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.96-109
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• 2021

Since terrestrial input plays a major role in coastal primary production, an understanding of land-ocean coupling (LOC) is key to understand coastal ecological changes. In this study, the LOC has been classified into three stages (i.e., the baseflow, plume event and residual flow). In order to characterize its pattern in Nakdong River estuary, multi-platform data were obtained from remote sensing (geostationary ocean color image (GOCI)), in-situ measurement (marine environment information system (MEIS)), on-site measurement (discharge data and meteorological data). The MEIS data were grouped into three stages of LOC using principal component analysis (PCA), and the LOC (2013 ~ 2018) was examined at each stage using multi-platform data. In the Nakdong River estuary, the maximum value of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) was unexpectedly appeared during the plume event. It is assumed that there was no significant increase in turbidity, expected during the typical plume event, together with the weak flushing effect, caused the enhanced phytoplankton growth. Compared with other estuaries, LOC is common in estuaries affected by freshwater inflow, but LOC has different pattern depending on the size of the plume. While estuaries that form small plumes of about 10 km (low freshwater discharge and weak flushing effect) observed high chl-a in the plume event because the phytoplankton can response to the increased nutrient more rapidly. estuaries that form large plumes of more than 100 km est (high freshwater discharge and strong flushing effect) follow the typical LOC pattern conceptualized in this study (high chl-a in the residual flow).

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.420-421
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• 1999

여천지역은 화학물질 누출사고 등 안전 사고 발생의 잠재적 위험이 높으나 (김영성 등, 1999), 복잡한 해안선의 여수 반도 해안지역에 산을 등지고 있어 해륙풍에 의한 일 변화와 지형 조건에 따른 국지 변화등 복잡한 형태의 바람장이 예상되는 지역이다. 이러한 지역에서의 확산현상은 환경영향평가에서 흔히 이용되고 있는 균일한 바람장 분포를 가정한 대기화산 예측과는 다른 결과를 보이며 (오현선, 김영성, 1999), 따라서 단순한 가우시안 플룸 모델을 이용한 확산 예측은 적용범위가 매우 제한적일 수밖에 없다.(중략)

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.84-95
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• 1992

본 고에서는 $YBa_2Cu_3O_7_x$ 고온초전도 물질의 박막제조에 있어서 현재 가장 각광을 받고 있는 펄스 레이저 증착공정의 원리, 특징등을 살펴보았다. 특히, 이 공정에서 입사 레이저와 고체 타깃간의 상호작용으로 인한 플룸의 발생, 물질의 방출, 기판상의 증착 등과 관련된 반응기구를 중점적으로 기술하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.199-207
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• 2003

발전소 온배수와 같은 페열의 방류는 여타 방류와는 달리 방류량이 단위 호기당 20-50ton/s 가량으로 매우 크며, 따라서 그 영향을 받는 해역도 매우 크다는 점이 특징이다. 최근 국내에서 시도되고 있는 심층 온배수 방류는 주변수에 비해 밀도가 작은 제트나 플룸의 형성 후 급격한 부력상승과 밀도차에 의한 수평 부력 확장(lateral buoyant spread)이 준 지배적인 현상으로 하수장의 혼합에 비해 즘 더 복잡한 양상을 띄게 된다. (중략)

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.146-153
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• 2004

The Numerical study has been carried out to investigate the effects of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on the rocket plume flow-field at various altitudes. The theoretical formulation is based on the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows along with the infinitely fast chemistry and thermal radiation. The governing equations were solved by a finite volume fully-implicit TVD(Total Variation Diminishing) code which uses Roe's approximate Riemann solver and MUSCL(Monotone Upstream-centered Schemes for Conservation Laws) scheme. LU-SGS (Lower Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel) method is used for the implicit solution strategy. An equilibrium chemistry module for hydrocarbon mixture with detailed thermo-chemical properties and a thermal radiation module for optically thin media were incorporated with the fluid dynamics code. In this study, kerosene-fueled rocket was assumed operating at O/F ratio of 2.34 with a nozzle expansion ratio of 6.14. Flight conditions considered were Mach number zero at ground level, Mach number 1.16 at altitude 5.06km and Mach number 2.9 at altitude 17.34km. Numerical results gave the understandings on the detailed plume structures at different altitude conditions. The diffusive effect of the thermal radiation on temperature field and the effect of chemical recombination during the expansion process could be also understood. By comparing the results from frozen flow and infinitely fast chemistry assumptions, the excess temperature of the exhaust gas resulting from the chemical recombination seems to be significant and cannot be neglected in the view point of performance, thermal protection and flow physics.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.791-797
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• 2018

In this work, the high-altitude environment simulation study was carried out at an altitude of 65 km exceeding Mach number of 6 after the launch of Korean Space Launch Vehicle using a shock tunnel. To minimize the flow disturbance due to the strut support of test model as much as possible, a few different types of strut configurations were considered. Using the configuration with minimum disturbance, the high-altitude environment simulation experiment including a propulsion system with a single-plume, was conducted. From the thruster test through flow visualization, not only a shockwave pattern, but a general flow-field pattern from the mutual interaction between the exhaust plume and the free-stream undisturbed flow, was experimentally observed. The comparison with the computation fluid dynamic(CFD) results, showed a good agreement in the forebody whereas in the afterbody and the nozzle the disagreement was about ${\pm}7%$ due to unwanted shockwave formation emanated from the nozzle-exit.