• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Plank exercise on unstable support surfaces on flexibility, abdominal muscle thickness and pain in patients with chronic back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was performed on 16 patients with chronic back pain of ◯◯ military unit. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned into two groups, an upper extremity trainer group (group I, n=8) and a lower extremity trainer group (group II, n=8). The subjects in group I carried out Flank exercise applying the stability trainer to their upper extremities and ones in group II carried out the same exercise applying the stability trainer to their lower extremities for 4 weeks. In order to ascertain the difference between two groups, flexibility, abdominal muscle thickness and pain were measured before and after the exercise. The flexibility was measured by sit and reach test, the thickness of the abdominal muscle was measured by using ultrasonic imaging equipment, and the pain was measured by the visual analogue scale. A paired t-test was utilized to compare changes in pain, abdominal muscle thickness and flexibility before and after flank exercise on unstable support surfaces. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed for ascertaining the significant differences between groups. The significance level was set by α=.05. Results: 1) The flexibilities of two groups were increased after the exercise (p<0.05). 2) In both groups, the thicknesses of rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, and transverse abdominis were all increased after the exercise (p<0.05). 3) The pains in both groups were decreased after the exercise (p<0.05). 4) In the comparisons of two groups, there were no differences in the flexibility, thickness of external oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis and transverse abdominis and pain (p>0.05). Whereas only thickness of Rectus abdominis was larger in the group I than in the group II (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plank exercise on the unstable support surface for 4 weeks resulted in increased flexibility, abdominal muscle thickness and pain reduction in patients with chronic back pain. Therefore, it is considered that performing flank exercise on the unstable supporting surface is suitable for the reduction of the pain in patients with chronic back pain. However, in this study, it is considered that continuous and diverse studies are needed because there was not a large difference between the groups when the upper or lower limbs are provided unstable support surfaces.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of core motion pattern on abdominal muscle thickness on unstable support surface using sling suspension system and to provide an effective exercise program for therapeutic rehabilitation in clinical practice. Methods : In this study, we used the flank exercise using a sling. It was intended for 21 healthy men and 9 healthy women. Before and after the exercise of the subjects, abdominal muscles (EO, IO, TrA the thickness of the muscle) was determined using a diagnostic ultrasonic apparatus. The period of exercise was 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The exercise for each group started with 3 sets per week and 1 set per week was added. A description of the method and attitude of each exercise is as follows. First, the push-up flank 's exercise position is to put both feet on the sling and hold the floor with both hands. Second, the side flank's exercise postures take the side flanks, while the two legs hang on the sling and one arm supports the body with an articulated bend (about $90^{\circ}$). Third, the elbow flank's exercise position is to put the two legs on the sling, and take a flank posture with the arms bent and joint bending (about $90^{\circ}$). Results : There was a significant difference in the thickness of the muscle in the three flank movements after the exercise (p<.05). The most significant difference was in the change of the muscle thickness in the abdominal muscle, the outer muscle, and the stomach in the elbow flank exercise after exercise. There was a significant difference between the mean thickness of the abdominal muscles according to the flank type after exercise (p<.05). Conclusion : In flank exercise for core stabilization using sling, it is considered effective to strengthen the abdominal muscles by considering the support surface, difficulty level, change of movement pattern.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to find out which exercise is more effective for the activation of the trunk, when the suspension plank and modified bridge exercise are performed. Weakening of the trunk muscles can lead to secondary injuries such as back injuries. In order to prevent injury, trunk muscles must be strengthened, and representative trunk strengthening exercises include planks and bridges. Each has been developed with a modified method, but since there is no paper comparing which exercise is more effective for trunk muscle strength, it was written to compare the two exercises. METHODS: The subjects were a random sample of 30 healthy men who agreed to participate in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups of 15 people each, and the suspension plank and the modified bridge exercise were performed for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal abdominal oblique (IO), external abdominal oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MF) was measured before and after the exercise. The two groups were analyzed using an independent t-test and paired t-test to compare the muscle thickness and the difference before and after exercise. RESULTS: The trunk muscle thickness was increased in both groups with suspension plank and modified bridge exercise, and there was a statistically significant difference. When comparing the two groups, the suspension plank group also showed a significant difference in RA (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, suspension plank exercise can have a positive effect on activating the trunk muscles and strengthening the strength of RA. Therefore, it is considered that suspension plank exercise is a more effective intervention to strengthen trunk muscle than modified bridge exercise.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 1968

천연하천수는 다면적인 용도를 지니는 귀중한 천연자원이다. 선진국가에서의 예를 들지않드라도 우리의 사회생활이 발전함에 따라 물의 용도는 너무나 다양하게 요구되는 것이며, 이로 인한 수많은 오염요소는 물과 그 속의 천연자원을 파괴하는 현상이 현저하게 나타나게 된다. 천연자원은 그 자체가 지니고 있는 속성을 충분히 활용하면서 효과적으로 이용해야 할것이고 또 그 자원은 항구적인 보존책이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 우리나라에도 적지않은 하천수계가 있으나 그 활용은 아직은 미미한 상태에 있다. 하천수를 포함한 내수면의 수산업적이용도 그 중의 중요한 부분을 차지하는 것이니, 각하천수계의 어업생물학적조사, 수질조사를 비롯하여 식용어, 유어자원 또는 유용생물자원의 함양은 시급하게 착수되어야 할 중요한 과제라고 하겠다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1995

연안 천해에 서식하는 근저성 (epibenthic) 동물플랭크톤의 일종인 곤쟁이, A. kokuboi를 수온 $25^{\circ}C$와 염분 16, 24 및 $32\%o$에서 Artemia sp. 부화유생을 먹이로 공급하면서 성체와 치하에 대한 페놀의 급성 및 만성독성 영향을 조사하였다. 전 실험구에서 시간경과별 반수치사농도는 성체의 경우 31.31-l.49ppm 페놀도 범위였으며, 치하에서는 6.90-0.26ppm범위였다. 페놀에 의한 폐사율은 염분이 낮을수록 증가하였다. 성체에 대한 페놀의 96hr-반수치사농도는 염분 16, 24 및 $32\%o$에서 각각 1.49, 2.71 및 4.53ppm였으며 치하에서는 동일 염분에서 각각 026, 0.56 및 0.71ppm였다. 치하에 대한 성체의 96시간-반수치사농도의 비는 염분 16, 24 및 $32\%o$에서 각각 5.73, 4.84 및 6.38로서 성체에 비해 치하가 훨씬 더 민감했다. 성체와 치하의 반수치사시간 $(LT_50)$을 비교하면, 성체는 페놀실험농도 1.7-12.7ppm 범위에서 반수치사시간은 384.7-29.0 시간의 범위를 나타내었으며, 치하의 경우 페놀실험농도 0.5-6.0ppm 범위에서 반수치사시간은 132.2-18.7 시간의 범위였다. 성체와 치하에서 가장 낮은 반수치사시간값은 페놀의 실험최고농도와 최저실험염분의 조합구에서 나타났으며, 성체보다 치하가 훨씬 낮은 값을 보였다. A kokuboi 성체에 대해 아치사영향농도와 그 반농도에서 행한 장기생존영향을 보면, 염분 $32\%o$에 폭로된 개체들이 16 또는 $24\%o$ 염분구에 폭로된 개체들보다 높은 생존율을 나타내었다. 성체의 산소소비율은 페놀의 농도가 증가하고 폭로시간이 경과할수록 현저히 감소하였으며, 동일한 페놀 농도에서도 염분이 낮을수록 현저히 감소하였다. 결론적으로 곤쟁이, A kokuboi는 페놀독성에 대해 매우 민감한 생리적 반응을 보였다. 따라서 생물검정을 위한 지표생물로서의 가능성이 기대된다.