• Journal of the KSME
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.735-744
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• 1991

확산모델과 파모델의 결과에 있어 큰 차이가 일어나는 경우를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 과도기 간이 짧다. 2) 작동온도가 아주 낮다. 3) 온도구배가 상당히 크다. 이때3)의 경우는 서로 다른 물질들이 접촉된 경우 또는 높은 열유속이 있는 경우 또는 얇은 표면층 등을 갖는 문제들의 공 통적인 특징이다. Non-Fourier 열전도 문제를 이용해 온도 분포를 예측해야 하는 실제적인 몇 가지 예를 살펴 보면 레이저 기술 또는 절대온도 영(zero)에 접근하는 온도에서의 액체 헬륨을 다루는 저온공학연구 또는 1/$10^{6}$Inch 정도의 표면조도가 관심사인 정밀공학 등을 들 수 있다. 또한 상당히 높은 강도의 열원이 작용될 때 고체에서의 크랙이나 보이드(void) 같은 국소 결함은 확산거동이 나타나기에 요구되는 시간보다 짧은 시간 구간에서 발생되어질 수 있으며, 크랙발생의 방향과 같은 것들은 hyperbolic 모델에의해 예측되어져야만 한다. 특히 움직이는 열원 또는 propagating crack tip을 갖는 경우에 그들 주위에서의 온도장을 규정짓는 가장 중요한 변 수는 열마하수 M이며, 아음속에서 초음속 영역으로 천이될 때 물리적 양들의 변화에 있어서 일어나는 현상들은 열충격의 형성에 기인하는데 이러한 현상들은 확산 모델로서는 예측될 수 없는 특징들이다. 이상에서 살펴볼 때 non-Fourier 모델에 대해 관심을 기울일 필요가 있다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.117-119
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• 2008

It is very important to protect life, property at sea from any fire. Recommendation on improved fire test procedures for surface flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials specifies a procedure for measuring fire characterizing their flammability and thus their suitability for use in marine construction. In this paper, we investigated the positive expected by fire test procedures for flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials. Also, unusual materials were analyzed. Finally, we suggest methods to solve several problems related to unusual materials.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.685-692
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• 2012

In this work, nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients(HTCs) of 5 refrigerants of different vapor pressure are measured on horizontal Thermoexcel-E square surface of 9.53 mm length. Tested refrigerants are R32, R22, R134a, R152a and R245fa. HTCs are taken from 10 $kW/m^2$ to critical heat fluxes for all refrigerant at $7^{\circ}C$. Wall and fluid temperatures are measured directly by thermocouples located underneath the test surface and in the liquid pool. Test results show that critical heat fluxes(CHFs) of Thermoexcel-E enhanced surface are greatly improved as compared to that of a plain surface in all tested refrigerants. CHFs of all refrigerants on the Thermoexcel-E surface are increased up to 100% as compared to that of the plain surface. The improvement of Thermoexcel-E surface in CHF, however, is lower than that of the low fin surface. HTCs on Thermoexcel-E surface increase with heat flux. But after certain heat flux, HTCs began to decrease due to the difficulty in bubble removal caused by the inherent complex nature of this surface. Therefore, at heat fluxes close to the critical one, sudden decrease in HTCs needs to be considered in thermal design with Thermoexcel-E surface.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 2010

A combustion chamber with a branch tube was built to investigate the characteristics of a spontaneous oscillating laminar premixed Bunsen flame. The flame behavior was observed, and the relation between the flame surface area and heat release rate was inspected. The equivalence ratio and mean velocity were fixed at 1.1 and 1.75 m/s, respectively. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation in the combustion chamber was changed and the flame behavior was affected when the length ratio between the branch tube and combustion chamber (L:R) was varied. The $OH^*$, $CH^*$, and flame chemiluminescence had similar behavior qualitatively. There was linearity between the flame surface area and heat release rate.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 1998

In electric commuter trains using AC motors, lots of GTO thyristors and diodes are needed for power controls. These semiconductors generate heat about 1~2 kW, and for cooling which perfluorocarbon(PFC) heat pipes have been in use for the last two decades. The present study was investigated on the effects of such important design parameters as structure of internal surface (grooved or smooth), fill charge ratio, and inclinating angle from a vertical on heat transfer coefficients at both evaporators and condensers. To obtain experimental data, several heat pipes of the same geometry of 520 mm long and diameter of 15.88 mm but different in fill charge ratio and internal surface structure were designed and fabricated. For prediction of the heat transfer coefficients, related expressions were examined and the results of calculations were compared with experimental data. Performance tests were conducted while heat pipes operated at mode of thermosyphons. High enhancements of heat transfer coefficient were obtained internal grooves. In these cases, the evaporating heat transfer coefficients distributed in the range of 2~5.5 kW/$m^2$K, with an increase of heat flux from 15~45 kW/$m^2$. These experimental data were in good agreement with Rohsenow's expression based on nucleate boiling when correction factor $C_R$=1.3 was encountered. In addition, the condensation heat transfer coefficients were distributed from 1.5 to 3.5 kW/$m^2$K, and the data were in good agreements with Nusselt's correlation, based on filmwise condensation on vertical plate, when choosing a correction factor $C_N=4$. A fill charge ratio of 40~100% were recommended, and the in clination angle effects were negligible when the angle was higher then 30$^{\circ}$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.467-474
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• 2004

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation for the effect of radiant heat on the evaporation cooling of water droplet in the process of fire extinguishing. The experiments are mainly focused on the surface temperature, the surface roughness and the droplet diameter. The range of surface temperature is T$_{s}$ =80－14$0^{\circ}C$, surface roughness is R$_{a}$=0.08－0.64 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the droplet diameter is $\Phi$=3.0 mm in the radiation. The results show that the evaporation time is shorter for the larger surface roughness and the volume of droplet increased when the surface roughness is 0.64 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at the surface temperature 127$^{\circ}C$. When the surface roughness is 0.64 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, the heat flux is larger than the surface roughness is 0.08 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ at the surface temperature 81$^{\circ}C$.>.>.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2016

실린더 형태의 유전체 관에 나선형으로 도전체 안테나를 설치하는 타입의 유도 결합 플라즈마원은 간단한 구조로 화학 조성 분석용부터 나노 분말 제조, 반도체용 식각/증착, 표면 처리, 자동차 및 일반 산업 부품용 증착 보조원등으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 고밀도 라디칼/이온의 공급을 위해서 투입 전력을 증가시키는 경우 높은 전력 밀도로 인해서 유전체 관에 인가되는 열응력이 대기압 및 관 고정용 구조물에 의한 구조 응력에 더해져서 파손에 이르는 경우가 발생될 수 있다. 실제 실린더 길이 전체를 안테나 코일로 감는 경우에도 플라즈마 발생 밀도가 높은 지역은 중심 일부 영역에 국한 되는 공정 영역도 있어서 이에 대한 분석이 필요하다. CFD-ACE+를 이용하여 플라즈마의 생성, 냉각수의 열전도, 외부 공냉식 팬의 역할등에 대해서 수치 모델을 작성하여 검토하였다. 나선형 냉각코일의 경우 냉각수량을 일정값 이상으로 증가시키는 경우 유속이 지나치게 빨라져서 열원이 있는 내경쪽 표면에서 열전도가 유속에 비례해서 증가하지 못하는 단점이 발생할 수 있으며 냉각팬의 경우 일반적으로 장치 내부에 대해서만 모델링을 하는 데 실제로 전체 시스템의 주변에서 공기의 흐름을 넓게 해석해야 실제 냉각 효과를 파악할 수 있다. 심한 경우 냉각용 공기 흡입구와 토출구의 간격이 좁아서 열원에 의해서 가열된 공기의 상당량이 다시 냉각용 공기 흡입구로 재순환 되는 경우도 발생하기 쉽다.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2001

To measure of thermal loading in the combustion chamber of hydrogen engine with dual injection, instantaneous wall-surface temperature and unsteady heat flux of the cylinder head are measured and analyzed. The maximum wall surface temperature is shown in direct injection region which has large heat supplied. Partial and spatial temperatures have slight deviation in transient region of injection, though injection method change suddenly. All of thermal characteristics such as instantaneous temperature, temperature swing and heat flux of hydrogen engine with dual injection are remarkably higher than those of gasoline engine. It means necessity of additional countermeasure of thermal loading.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2000

선형 터빈 익렬에 유입되는 자유흐름 난류 강도의 변화에 따른, 터빈 블레이드에서의 대류 열전달 현상에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 익렬은 5개의 볼레이드를 선형으로 배치하여 구성하였으며, 현의 길이에 근거한 레이놀즈 수는 2.5${\times}$$10^5$, 3.5${\times}$$10^5$ 이다. 자유 흐름의 난류 강도는 익렬의 도입부에 설치된 격자의 형상에 따라 1.3%, 3.7%, 7.0%, 7.8%의 값을 나타내었다. 자유흐름의 난류강도는 정온 열선유속계로 측정하였으며, 블레이드 표면 온도 분포는 열전대를 사용하여 측정하고, 금속박판을 사용하여 균일한 열유속을 공급하였다.(중략)

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.281-291
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• 1995

The objective of this work is to obtain the experimental data for the heat transfer processes occurring both on the inside and outside surfaces of containment steel wall with dry and wet outer surface conditions in the passive containment cooling system. The test model represented a 60$^{\circ}$ section of a containment vessel based on the AP 600 geometry. Major linear dimensions of the test model ore reduced tv a factor of ten. To simulate the decay heat a steam generator heated by electricity was placed in the test model. The maximum heat flux was 8.91 kW/$m^2$. Two types of tests were performed. The one was the tort on the natural convection of air without water film flow. The other was the evaporative heat transfer test with the falling water film flow and natural air draft. no test result shooed that the heat transfer capability by the natural convection from the containment to the air without oater film flow was limited at about 1.48 kW/$m^2$ heat flux. It was found that the heat removal capability was remarkably enhanced in the tests with the waster film flow and air draft. The obtained heat transfer data ore compared with the existing correlations.