• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.487-495
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• 2017

A granite rock body, called 'Bukbawi', located on a mountaineering trail at Mt. Palgong Provincial Park is popular among the public because it resembles a percussion instrument. If someone hits the specific surface area of this rock body, people can hear drum-like sound. Such phenomenon may be geologically associated with exfoliation process of the granite body or miarolitic cavity developed after gasses escaped during formation of granite. To understand better the inner structure causing drum-like sound, we carried out a non-destructive ground-penetrating radar survey. In this study, as our primary target is very close to the surface, we utilized 1 GHz antennas to produce high-resolution near-surface images. In order to construct 3-D internal images, the measurements were conducted along a pre-defined grid. The processed radargrams revealed that the locations associated with 'drum' sound coincide with strong reflections. In addition, both reflection patterns of fracture and cavity were observed. To further quantify the observed reflections, we simulated GPR scans from a synthetic fracture in a granite body, filled with different materials. The simulated results suggest that both exfoliation process and miarolitic cavity may have contributed to the 'drum' phenomena. Furthermore, the radargrams showed a well-developed cavity signature where two major reflection planes were crossed. Thus, our study is an example of non-destructive geophysical studies that can promote Earth Science in the broader community by examining geological structures attracting the public.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2018

We investigate the crustal and uppermost mantle SV- and SH-wave velocity structure and radial anisotropy beneath East Asia including Korea, China and Japan. Rayleigh waves and Love waves were extracted from the seismic data recorded at broadband seismic stations in East Asia. Using the MFT (Multiple Filter Technique), we obtained group velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh and Love waves with a period range of 3 to 200 s. We obtained 62466 Rayleigh-waves dispersion-curve measurements in vertical components and 54141 Love-waves dispersion-curve measurements in transverse components, respectively. The inverted models using these data sets provide SV- and SH-wave velocity structure of crust and uppermost mantle down to 100 km depth. In both cases of the S-wave velocity structures, strong high-velocity anomalies are observed down to 30 km depth beneath the East Sea, and deeper than 30 km depth, strong low-velocity anomalies are found beneath the Tibetan plateau. In the case of the SH-wave velocity structure, strong low-velocity anomalies are observed beneath the East Sea deeper than 30 km depth, leading to negative anisotropy. On the other hand, positive anisotropy is usually observed beneath the Tibetan plateau.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2016

To investigate spatial and temporal variations of low-frequency (${\leq}5Hz$) ambient seismic noise, we analyzed the noise data recorded for one whole year of 2014 at surface accelerometer stations in South Korea. After decomposed into low-frequency (LF; < 1 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; ${\geq}1Hz$) components, the root-mean-squared (RMS) amplitudes and power spectral densities (PSD) of the noise data were computed. The RMS amplitudes were larger on islands and near-shore stations, but also large RMS amplitudes were observed at inland stations in large cities only for HF components. The RMS amplitudes of HF components were larger in the daytime than at nighttime and during weekdays than on Sunday and holidays. This indicates the HF components are closely related to human activities. On the contrary, daily and weekly variations were not clear in the LF components while they showed seasonal variations with its maximum during the winter and a good correlation with significant wave height. Therefore, we interpret the mechanism of LF components is closely related to natural phenomena such as sea. The amplitude of LF components decreased as an exponential function of the distance to the center of typhoons. The exponential index of -0.76 suggested that ambient seismic noise included both surface and body waves. Peak frequencies of the PSD curves were near 0.34 Hz indicating the double frequency. No temporal variation in the peak frequency was clearly noticed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.339-352
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• 2016

The best way of investigating the physical and mechanical properties of subsurface materials is the combined interpretation of data from borehole geophysical surveys and geotechnical experiments with rock samples. In this study two surface seismic surveys with refraction and surface-wave method are alternatively conducted for downhole seismic surveys in test site for geological field trip in Jeungpyung, Chungbuk. P- and S-wave velocity structures are delineated by refraction and MASW (multichannel analysis of shear waves) methods, respectively. Possion's ratio section, reconstructed from P- and S-wave velocities, is correlated to the outcrop geological features consisting of reddish sedimentary rock, gray volcanic rock, and joints/fractures. In addition, rock samples representative for reddish sedimentary and gray volcanic features are geotechnically analyzed to provide physical, mechanical properties, and elastic modulus. Dynamic elastic moduli estimated from geophysical data is found to be higher than the one from geotechnical data. Reddish sedimentary rock characterized with low porosity and moisture content corresponds to the zone of low electrical resistivities and their small variations in the resistivity sections between the rainy and dry days. This trend suggests that the weathered gray volcanic rock and the nearby fractures with higher low porosity and moisture content are interpreted to be good carrier especially in rainy season.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.996-1000
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 마포대교 확장 공사의 인해 일부 교각의 우물통 기초 주변 하상변화와 세굴 현상을 파악하기 위한 심도추정 방법으로 현재 다양하게 토목분야에서 적용되고 있는 치하투과레이더 탐사기법을 사용하였다. 교각 우물통 주변의 안정적인 GPR 탐사를 수행하기 위한 보조장비를 고안하여 마포대교 P6의 우물통 주변을 2004년 6월(1차)과 2004년 10월(2차)에 걸쳐 탐사를 실시하였으며, 탐사 기간 중 약 12,000 cms의 유출량이 발생하여 국부세굴과 하상 변화 가능성을 충분히 검토 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 수집된 자료를 통해 양질의 자료 획득을 위해서 자료의 보정 과정을 마친 후 각각의 구간에 대해서 1, 2차 탐사된 두 개의 자료를 비교 분석하였다. 전구간의 반사파를 이용하여 기존의 연구결과에서 얻어진 반사파의 양상(Beres and Haeni, 1991)과 비교한 결과 하상 표면은 미사 혹은 실트로 구성되어 있고 주요한 하상 하부 매질은 전석(boulder), 호박돌 등으로 이루어져 있었다. 그리고 1차 및 2차 탐사 자료와 DATAPCS의 세굴센서가 설치된 측점을 기준으로 심도 및 위치 보정을 한 결과 큰 오차는 발생하지 않았으며, 400 MHz 안테나를 활용하여 최대수심 약 10 m 이상 하상을 탐사할 수 있었다. 수심이 깊은 구간은 하상과 가까운 위치에서 탐사를 실시하여 양질의 하상 변화 양상을 파악할 수 있어 하상 재료의 정성적인 평가를 높일 수 있도록 하였다. 마포대교의 탐사 대상 교각 우물통 주변은 계획홍수량의 1/3 수준으로 비교적 적은 홍수량이 발생한 2004년의 호우사상으로 인해 일부구간이 약 $10\~20\;cm$ 정도의 퇴적과 세굴 영향이 나타난 것을 제외하고는 유의할 만한 세굴과 하상 변화가 발생하지 않고 매우 안정적인 상태를 보이고 있으며 되메움이나 두드러진 퇴적층의 양상 또한 확인할 수 없었다. 대상구간에 설치한 유속계 최대유속이 2.0 m/s 이상 발생하였지만 우물통 주변의 자갈 및 호박돌 등과 같은 평균입경이 큰 유사의 이동에 절대적인 한계유속을 초과하지 못한 것으로 판단된다. GPR 탐사의 적용 한계성을 극복한 본 연구는 홍수 전$\cdot$후의 하상변화 및 최대세굴심, 되메움 깊이 및 범위 등의 세굴현상을 현장탐사를 바탕으로 현재 다양하게 적용하고 있는 세굴 실험식과 비교 분석함으로써 우물통 주변의 효율적인 세굴 보호 대책을 강구하는 목적으로 그 활용성을 증대할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2000

Scattering coefficients of randomly rough lossy dielectric surfaces were computed by using the FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method and the Monte Carlo method in this paper. The FDTD method was applied to compute electromagnetic wave scattering characteristics at any incident angles, any linear polarizations by dividing the computation region into the total-field region and the scattered-field region. The radar cross sections(RCS) of conducting cylinders have been computed and compared with theoretical results, measurement data and the results from the method of moment(MoM) to verify the FDTD algorithm. Then, to apply the algorithm to compute scattering coefficients of distributed targets, a two-dimensionally rough surface was generated numerically for given roughness characteristics. The far-zone scattered fields of 50 statistically independent dielectric rough surfaces were computed and the scattering coefficient of the surface was calculated from the scattered fields by using the Monte Carlo method. It was found that these scattering coefficients agree well with the SPM(Small Pertubation Method) model in its validity region.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.297-312
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• 2018

In order to assess the safety diagnosis and grouting reinforcement effect of old reservoir facility, local governments and public offices mainly use electrical resistivity survey. However, electrical resistivity survey is a qualitative evaluation that varies the resistivity value by various exploration conditions. It is also difficult to grasp the stiffness change directly related to the stability of reservoir, thus an electrical resistivity survey is not applicable to continuous stability monitoring after grouting. The purpose of this study is to investigate and validate the quantitative evaluation of reinforcement effect of reservoir with cement grouting through shear velocity (Vs), which is closely related to the stiffness (${\mu}$) of the ground. This study was carried out on two reservoir facilities. The reinforcement effect was evaluated by comparing the permeability test, standard penetration test, down-hole test and MASW(Multi-channel Analysis of Surface wave) survey before and after cement grouting. Shear wave velocity changes before and after grouting were analyzed by phase velocity difference and inversion analysis, respectively, and the reliability of the analytical results was evaluated by comparing with field test results. Shear wave velocity increases to 5~10% in case of the D levee, and 10~20% in the levee of H reservoir. These results are showed similar pattern to the field test results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.1C
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

A new alternative method based on HWAW method to detect underground anomaly was introduced. The location of underground anomaly can be estimated by using 2-dimensional image of phase velocity image with position and wavelength based on distortion phenomena of surface wave due to underground anomaly. Overall procedure of proposed method such as field testing, signal processing and interpretation of the result was introduced. Numerical verification study was performed by using various ground models containing underground anomaly. According to the condition of anomaly, the propagation and reflection characteristics of surface wave were different and this could be more easily shown in the image of phase velocity. Some rules of distortion phenomena were found and these become clues for estimating underground anomaly in interpreting real field data. Field verification tests were performed with conventional geophysical methods such as DC resistivity method and GPR. Though field condition is not homogeneous like numerical models, similar distortion phenomena were found in the testing results and estimated location of underground anomaly was agreed well with the results of another geophysical methods.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1999

Several physical phenomena on the sea surface are analyzed from SAR images of South Sea areas, Korea. Strong wave patterns propagating in southerly direction are seen in ERS-1 SAR image on October 11, 1994, and a wave directional spectrum is calculated from this image using the SAR modulation transfer function. RADARSAT SAR image of August 15, 1996 reveals internal waves in northern coastal waters of Cheju Island. Analysis indicates that the internal waves may have been generated by the tidal currents traveling over the shallow bottom of the stratified water in the summer during the tidal changeovers fro ebb to flood and shows patterns of trains of solitons. RADARSAT SAR image taken 3 days after the oil spill accident near Goeje Isalnd on April 3, 1997 detects distinct oil slicks from the accident area but also shows slicks near the coast caused by wind sheltering of coastal mountains and chemical-biological activities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.209-218
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• 2009

In this study, properties of shear wave velocity of core zone in filldams are analyzed. Shear wave velocity is derived using analysis of surface wave method that can be used nondestructively on the surface of filldams. These values are acquired through the tests for the core zone of six filldams by SASW and HWAW methods. Existing 2 more results are added. Shear wave velocity according to the depth and confining pressure are estimated, respectively. These analytical results are compared with the frequently used empirical method by Sawada and Takahashi.