• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-209
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• 2007

The fine structures and histochemical features on the integumentary system of the grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles were examined by means of the light and transmission electron microscopy. Integumentary surface of the grass puffer showed irregular folds in light microscope. The folds of the ventral region are more pronounced than those in the dorsal region. Integumentary system is composed of outer epidermal layer and inner dermal layer. The stratified epidermal layer consists of epithelia, mucous cells, club cells, granular cells and multivacuolar gland. Epithelial cells are classified into superficial, intermediated and basal cell, and free surface of superficial cell is covered with microridges. Glands of the epidermal layer are divided into unicellular and multicellular gland. Mucous cells of multicellular gland contains mucosal materials of neutral glycoprotein. Multivacuolar gland is composed of numerous vacuole cells of about $20{\mu}m$ in axial diameter. Vacuole cells contains a large central vacuole and are connected to another by many desmosomes. The mucous glands and multivacuolar glands are more abundant in ventral region than dorsal integument. The thickness of dermis is more three to five times than epidermis in ventral integument. The collagen fibers, fibrocytes, nerve cells, basal plate of spine and chromatophore are observed in the dermal layer of compact connective tissue.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2014

Morphology and histochemistry of gill of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai were described using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The abalone has bipectinate gill of protobranch. The cilia and microvilli were well-developed on the free surface of the gill filaments. The epithelial layer of gill filament was simple and composed columnar epithelia and mucous cells. Result of AB-PAS (pH 2.5 and 1.0) and AF-AB (pH 2.5) reaction showed that mucous cells contained mainly acidic carboxylated mucosubstances.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.sup2
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• pp.297-310
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• 2007

치조골 흡수는 파골세포와 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)에 의한 골의 무기질과 유기질의 파괴로 일어나는 과정이다. 세균성 산물, 주로 내독소는 치은조직 내에서 염증세포의 유주, 사이토카인 생산, 조직파괴 효소 분비 및 파골세포 활성 등의 국소 면역반응을 유도한다. A. actinomycetemcomitans는 급진성 치주염의 원인 균주중 하나로 그 내독소는 치조골의 흡수와 관련된다. MMP-13은 세균성 산물이나 염증성 사이토카인의 자극에 의해 분비되며, 최근의 연구 결과들은 MMP-13이 치주질환의 진행과 골 흡수 과정에서 일정한 역할을 담당하는 것으로 보고하고 있으나, A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소와 MMP-13과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 미미하다. 이에 이번 연구에서는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소에 의한 MMP-13의 발현과 파골세포 형성을 세포배양을 통하여 관찰하였고, 백서 구개부 치은에 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입하여 흡수가 진행되고 있는 치조골에서 파골세포의 분화와 MMP-13의 발현을 TRAP 염색, 면역조직화학적 방법 등을 통해 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. MMP-13 mPNA의 발현은 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 (1ug/ml)로 24시간 자극한 마우스 치주인대 섬유모세포에서 생리식염수로 자극한 세포에 비하여 약 2.6배 증가하였으며 마우스 대식세포에서는 TRAP 양성 세포가 대조군보다 더 많이 나타났다. A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소를 주입한 백서 치주조직에서는 대조군보다 더 심한 골소실을 보였다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군과 대조군 모두 치조골에서 관찰되었다. TRAP-양성 다핵 파골세포 유사세포는 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었으며, 치주염군에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많은 숫자가 관찰되었다. MMP-13 면역양성 반응은 치주염군에서 거친 골연을 갖는 치조골상에 배열된 조골세포와 그 인접한 치주인대에서 관찰되었으며 대조군에서는 MMP-13 면역 양성 반응이 치조골 표면에서만 일부 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독속가 MMP-13의 발현을 증가시키며 파골세포의 활성을 통하여 치조골의 흡수를 유도함을 시사한다. 또한 A. actinomycetemcomitans 내독소 투여에 의한 실험적 모델은 백서에서 중등도의 골 소실을 동반한 만성 치주염 모델로 향후 치주질환 치료제의 효과를 평가하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.321-330
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• 1993

F. seoulensis were obtained from artificially infected albino rats at 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 days after infection. The worms and metacercariae were washed in physiological saline solution, and fled with 10% neutral formalin. The acetylcholinesterase (AchE) stained by one histochemistry using acetylthiocholine iodide as substrate. Eserine, ism-OMPA and BW284C51 were used as inhibitors of AchE. The nervous system consists of three pairs longitudinal nerve trunks interconnected with excretory plexus in posterior half, and phinmc and oral sucker in anterior half of metacercariae and adults. The longitudinal nerve trunks are interconnected with transverse commissures and numerous circular commissures. Considerable numbers of circular commissures are interconnected with longitudinal nerve trunks tying on the surface of the worms. At each stage of juvenile worms, AchE and nonspecific cholinesterase activites were observed in the oral sucker, ventral sucker, pharynx and nerve system. Isoxymes of AchE in f seoderuts were separated into the two bands, 69 kDa and 132 kDa. The major band was 69 kDa.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 1989

Production of circulating specific antibodies to the lung fluke (Paragenimus westermani) by its host is well known and used in various kinds of immunodiagnostic methods, However, it has not been well documented which compartments (or structures) of the lung fluke are most responsible for the production of specific antibodies. The present immunohistochemical study was undertaken to demonstrate the antigenicity of each body compartment of p. westermani such as suckers, tegument, spines, vitelline glands, intestine, reproductive organs(male and female), and eggs. Indiret immunoperoxidase(IP) stain technique was applied, using formalin-fked, paraffin- embedded lung tissues of P westermani-infected cats sectioned in 4 Um thickness as the antigen and cat antisera (11~20 weeks of infection) as the primary antibody. Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-cat IgG was used as the secondary antibody and diaminobensidine(DAB) as the coloring agent. Strong yellow or yellowish brown staining was regarded positive. The primary and secondary antibody dilutions were made at 1 : 500~1 : 2, 000 and 1 : 200~1 : 500 respectively, and IP stain was repeated 10 times for each dilution. A consistent result obtained was that the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, vitelline glands, and eggs scattered around the worm capsule showed strong positive staining, while uterine eggs and some parenchymal portions showed weak positive reaction. On the other hand, the suckers, tegument, spines, subtegumental cells, cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells, male reproductive organs, and ovary revealed negative staining. The body compartments showing higher antigenicity were, in the decreasing order, the intestinal epithelial border, intestinal content, eggs in the worm capsule, vitelline glands, uterine eggs, and parenchymatous portions. The intestinal epithelial border and luminal contents revealed positive staining even at a few concentration of 1 : 4, 000 primary antibody(secondary ab., 1 : 200) whereas the parenchymatous portion showed positive reaction only at higher concentrations than 1'500 (secondary ab., 1 : 200). The results suggest that the specific antibody responses of the host to p. westermani occur most strongly upon the excretes from the intestinal epithelium of the worm and e99s Produced around the worm capsule,

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.656-661
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• 2012

The palladium nanoparticles were self-assembled to make Pd-POSS using POSS-$NH_3{^+}$ (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) as a crosslinker. Graphene oxide (GO) was produced by the reaction of graphite under a strong acid and oxidizer and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was covalently grafted on the surface of graphene to make PAA-grafted graphene through the radical polymerization of acrylic acid and GO along with a reduction process under $NaBH_4$. The nanocomposites of Pd-POSS and PAA-grafted graphene were fabricated via ionic interactions between positively charged Pd-POSS and negatively charged PAA-grafted graphene. Pd-POSS nanoparticles were attached to the surface of PAA-grafted graphene through ionic interactions. The thermal stability of Pd-POSS/PAA-grafted graphene was higher than that of PAA and PAA-grafted graphene. The composition, structure, surface morphology, and thermal stability of the Pd-POSS/PAA-grafted graphene were studied by FE-SEM, AFM, TEM, FTIR, and TGA.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2023

This study describes the light microscopical cell types and histochemical characteristics as a preliminary study for the research on integument of the walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in accordance with the physiological and environmental changes. The lateral line of the integument surface showed a curve in the anterior part and was straight from the middle to the posterior part. Integument is composed of outer epidermis and inner dermis. The epidermis is a stratified layer composed of epithelial cells, mucous cells, and club cells. Epithelial cells are classified into squamous superficial cell, cuboidal intermediated cell and columnar basal cell. The thickness of epidermis was 122.9 ㎛, and the ratio of epidermis thickness to body length was 0.03%. The mucous cell and club cell of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the apical and middle layer of epidermis. The mucous cell contained mucosal materials of acidic glycoprotein. The proportion of mucous cells and club cells were 21.3 (± 7.0)% and 4.0 (± 1.0)% of epidermal area, respectively. The dermis was dense connective tissue layer and composed of mainly collagen fibers. It also contained fibrocytes, blood vessels, melanophores and scales.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

Antigenic components reacting with IgE and IgG antibodies were localized in muscular layer of adult and of larva, sparganum. But the antigenic components inducing IgG were localized at tegument and parenchyma in addition to muscular layer in adult and sparganum. Also in sparganum, the surface of calcareous corpuscles of parenchyma showed immunoreactivity to IgG antibody. However antigenic components inducing IgE antibody were not localized in tegument and parenchyma, but in adult worm, we observed the immunopositive reaction at the lining of vitelline follicles in mature proglottis and on surface of egg shell within uterus of graved proglottis. By the method of immunogold-labelling, we observed the location of antigenic particles in tegument of sparganum. The density of antigenic particles inducing IgG was higher than that of antigen particles inducing IgE in syncytial tegument, tegument cells. A total of 43 and 36 protein bands were resolved from crude extracts of adult and sparganum, respectively, by SDS-PAGE. 34 bands from crude extracts of adult and larva were migrated to same positions. By EITB, 21 bands of 44 bands in adult were recognized with IgG antibody, and also 21 bands of 36 bands in sparganum. 13 bands of them were common antigenic components both in the adult worm and sparganum. Because 19 bands of 44 bands in adult worm were reacted with IgE antibody, they were IgE antigenic component. In sparganum, 13 bands were IgE antigenic components. 9 bands of them were common antigenic component inducing IgE antibody in both a-dult and sparganum. 3 bands of antigenic component recognized by IgE and IgG antibody were nonspecific antigen in both adult and sparganum of Spirometra erinacei.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

The Fas antigen (Fas) as a cell-surface receptor protein which mediates apoptosis-inducing signals plays an important role in the immune system. Expression of Fas mRNA is detected not only in lymphoid organs but also in the nonlymphoid organs. In the ovary, most of the follicles is known to undergo atreisa through apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of atresia was not elucidated yet. Therefore, the purposes of the present study were to investigate the expression of Fas and Fas ligand in mouse ovary and to clarify the relationship between expression of Fas and Fas ligand and atresia of follicle. The result of RT-PCR demonstrated that Fas and Fas ligand mRNA was expressed in ovary, especially granulosa cells and oocytes. The immunohistochemistry showed that the granulosa cells and oocytes in growing follicles were stained for Fas and Fas ligand, but primordial follicles were not. Furthermore, Fas and Fas ligand were intensively stained in the atretic follicles As results of TUNEL staining to detect apoptotic cells in the ovaries, the number of TUNEL-positive (apoptotic) granulosa cells and oocytes increased in the atretic follicles compared to the healthy normal follicles. These results demonstrate that there is the positive relationship between expression of Fas and Fas ligand in granulosa cells and oocyies and apoptosis of them leading to atresia of follicles. It suggests that expression of Fas and Fas ligand could be associated with atresia of follicles in mouse ovary.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2007

Demineralized bone particle (DBP) has been used as one of the powerful inducers of bone and cartilage tissue specialization. In this study, we fabricated DBP/PLGA scaffold for tissue engineered disc regeneration. We manufactured dual-structured scaffold to compose inner cylinder and outer doughnut similar to nature disc tissue. The DBP/PLGA scaffold was characterized by porosity, wettability, and water uptake ability. We isolated and cultured nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells from rabbit intervertebral disc. We seeded NP cells into the inner core of the hybrid scaffold and AF cells into the outer portion of it. Cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5- diphenyltetrazolium -bromide (MTT) test. PLGA and PLGA/DBP scaffolds were implanted in subcutaneous of athymic nude mouse to observe the formation of disc-like tissue in vivo. And then we observed change of morphology and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Formation of disc-like tissue was better DBP/PLGA hybrid scaffold than control. Specially, we confirmed that scaffold impregnated 20 and 40% DBP affected to proliferation of disc cell and formation of disc-like tissue.