• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Green areas and the area of available horizontal surfaces are gradually decreasing due to the overcrowding of buildings. It is adversely affecting the urban climate and ecosystem. However, the recognition of the importance of green areas is gradually increasing. As a result, the importance of wall greening using vertical surfaces is growing. However, despite the fact that domestic wall greening guidelines and institutions related to orientations restrict planting. there was no study to determine whether there were actual differences in plant growth due to orientations. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the plant growth characteristics by orientations to apply actual wall greening to cities. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020. First of all, three octave walls were constructed to measure the temperature, the illumination, and the length of the plants once a week. The plants included Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants. As a result of the study, Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in the north, and Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants were prolific in the south. All three types of plants were prolific in June-July, and the Parthenocissus tricuspidata was prolific in grass-growing, and in August, all the walls were 100% covered. Hedera rhombea had the lowest rate of herbaceous growth, and the vertical coverate was also lower at an average of 45%, but among the three plants, the sheath of the horizontal surface coverate was the highest. Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd was low in the speed of herbaceous growth, and finally, the walls were 100% covered except for the north and northwest directions. It was found that not all plants used for wall greening show the same growth, and the difference in growth varies more depending on plants than the effect of orientations. Therefore, it is better to identify the characteristics of plant growth and plant suitable plants for each directions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate the changes in the physical properties of RGP lenses induced by the polishing during the process of RGP lens manufacturing, and further evaluate the differences in the actual wearer's comfort and the tear film break-up time caused by these changes. Methods: RGP lenses (fluorosilicone acrylate material) were divided into 4 groups by the different lens-polishing time like 0, 25, 50 and 100 seconds and the thickness, the surface roughness and the wetting angle of those lenses were compared. Furthermore, the comfortability of the lens wear was surveyed after applying these lenses on the subject's eyes with normal tear volume and the non-invasive tear break-up time of the wearers was measured. Results: The central thickness of 4 RGP lenses made of different lens-polishing time was not significantly different however, the lens surface was changed smoother after polishing to be confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The wetting angle of the RGP lens significantly decreased in accordance with the increase of polishing time. Thus, the difference of approximately $16^{\circ}$ between 0 second and 100 seconds-polishing was statistically significant. The actual wearing feeling of RGP lens was tended to improve in accordance with the increase of the lens wettability however, it was not proportional improvement. The non-invasive tear break-up time of the lens wearers showed different aspect compared with the changes in lens wettability and the actual feeling of RGP lens wear. Conclusions: In this study, better lens wettability, thinner lens thickness, and/or improved lens surface induced by physical stimuli in the process of RGP lens manufacturing was not well-correlated with the increase of actual subjective/objective satisfaction in RGP lens wear. Thus, the consideration of physical properties of the lens as well as the lens wearers' physiological factors in the process of RGP lens manufacturing may be suggested.