• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2023

Peanut is a well-known food allergen that causes adverse reactions ranging from mild urticaria to life-threatening anaphylaxis. Consumers suffering from peanut allergies should thus avoid consuming undeclared peanuts in processed foods. Therefore, effective cleaning methods are needed to remove food allergens from manufacturing facilities. To address this, wet cleaning methods with washing water at different temperatures, abstergents (peracetic acid, sodium bicarbonate, dilute sodium hypochlorite, detergent), and cleaning tools (brush, sponge, paper towel, and cotton) were investigated to remove peanuts from materials used in food manufacture, including plastics, wood, glass, and stainless steel. Peanut butter was coated on the surface of the glass, wood, stainless steel, and plastic for 30 min and cleaned using wet cleaning. The peanut residue on the cleaned surfaces was swabbed and determined using an optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cleaning using a brush and hot water above 50℃ showed an effective reduction of peanut residue from the surface. However, removing peanuts from wooden surfaces was complicated. These results provide information for selecting appropriate materials in food manufacturing facilities and cleaning methods to remove food allergens. Additionally, the cleaning methods developed in this study can be applied to further research on removing other food allergens.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

Nano bubble water is used in various washing processes, including cleaning of solar panels, salt rejection of roads, and cleaning precision parts of machines. High cleaning efficiency and water conservation are obtained by applying nano bubbles during pretreatment of the marine waste cleaning system. This study compared the salt rejection of nano bubble water, and it was revealed that marine waste was produced by wood immersed in 200,000 mg/L NaCl solution. Using tap water and nano bubble water for washing, comparisons of the surface salt concentrations of wood were determined according to the nozzle, orifice diameter, pump speed and washing time. Decreased surface salt concentration was observed on the wood surface with increasing washing time. Water consumption was optimal between 5- and 10-seconds washing time. Increasing orifice diameter of the nozzle reduced the spraying pressure, with consequent increase in the wood surface salt concentration, thereby establishing the importance of orifice diameter of the nozzle. Compared to levels obtained with tap water, salt concentration of the wood surface after washing with nano bubble water was 2.2% lower with sector nozzle, and 30.9% lower with circular nozzle. In the washing experiment using nano bubble water, the salt concentration on the wood surface was about 9.5 mg/L lower when washed with sector nozzle than the circular nozzle.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the actual state about ultrasonic cleaning of soft contact lenses in local optical shops and evaluate the removal effect of protein deposit on soft contact lenses with different lens containers by ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses. Methods: The actual state about ultrasonic cleaning of soft contact lenses was surveyed in total 75 local optical shops in Seoul, Korea. The cleaning efficacy of different lens containers was compared by measuring the protein remained on ocufilcon D contact lenses after washing by an ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses. The changes on surfaces and wetting angles of ocufilcon D contact lenses by repeat ultrasonication were further investigated. Results: The main purpose to use ultrasonic cleaners in local optical shops was rapid cleaning. The ultrasonic cleaning efficacy of ocufilcon D contact lenses with glass containers was little higher than it with plastic containers, but was not significantly different. The changes on surfaces and wetting angles of ocufilcon D contact lenses in a plastic lens container by repeat ultrasonication such as 30 and/or 60 times were shown. Conclusions: There was not significant difference in cleaning efficacy between glass and plastic lens containers. However, repeat cleaning with ultrasonic cleaner for eyeglasses would be carefully considered since some significant changes in the parameters of lens surface and wetting angles were detected by repeat ultrasonification even when lens containers were used for ocufilcon D contact lens during ultrasonictions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the change of soft contact lens parameters after eyeliner deposition and compare the cleaning efficiency and the recovery rate of lens parameters by different cleaning methods. Methods: The eyeliner was deposited on three types of soft contact lenses made of different materials for 1 hour, 4 hours and 6 hours and those lenses were washed by the eyeglasses ultrasonic cleaning and by hands. The changes in visible light transmittance, diameter and surface of those lenses were compared before and after cleaning of the lens. Results: The visible light transmittance of soft contact lenses decreased along with the deposition time of eyeliner. The patterns of the eyeliner deposition on soft contact lens appeared differently depending on the physical properties of the lens material. Thus, the largest eyeliner deposition was found on narafilcon A lens. The diameters of hilafilcon B and etafilcon A lenses were decreased, however, the diameter of narafilcon A lens was increased. The cleaning efficiency of the eyeliner deposition was greater with the multipurpose solution by hands than with the eyeglasses ultrasonic cleaner. However, the recovery of lens parameters such as the lens diameter, visible light transmittance and lens surface due to the eyeliner deposition to its original state was limited. Conclusions: From these results, it is suggested to minimize eye makeup when wearing soft contact lens. Furthermore, the reduced wearing time and shorter cycle of lens replacement may be needed by considering a change of lens parameter when the repeat eye makeup is applied.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.04b
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• pp.43-44
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• 1997

세척제는 금속 표면에 도포되어 있는 왁스, 그리스, 방청유 등의 윤활유 및 금속 가공 중에 사용한 절삭유, 연마유 등의 유지성 물질을 제거하는 탈지 효과와 표면에 묻어 있는 오물을 제거하는 목적으로 우수한 세정력을 지니고 있다. 세척제는 현장의 세척조의 상태가 가동 시간이 길어짐에 따라 유분이 과포화하게 되고 한정된 계면활성제량 때문에 미처 Micelle을 형성하지 못한 광유중 일부는 에멀젼 내 Oil Drop 형태로 존재하고 나머지는 에멀젼층 위에 부유하게 된다. 따라서 세척제의 세정력을 유지하기 위하여는 주기적으로 세척액중의 유분을 제거하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 한외여과막을 이용하여 세척수 중 존재하는 Oil 성분을 제거함으로써 세척수의 수명을 극대화시키고자 한다. 또한 한외여과시 동반되는 농도 분극화 현상을 줄이고 투과특성을 향상시키기 위하여 압축질소로 주기적으로 역세척하며 최적운전 조건을 확인하는데 있다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2021

A road structure washing vehicle equipped with a 4 HP, 80 LPM ultrafine bubble generator was used to clean a tunnel wall and the surface of the surrounding structure, consisting of concrete and tiles, in a heavy traffic area around an apartment complex in the city. Ultrafine bubbles were generated by supplying air at 2 to 3 LPM and using a specially designed nozzle, whereas fine bubbles made by an impeller in a gas-liquid mixing self-priming pump were produced with an average diameter of 165.4 nm and 6.81 × 107 particles mL-1. Using a high pressure washer gun that can perform high-pressure cleaning at 150 bar and 30 LPM, ultrafine bubbles were used to wash dust adsorbed on the surface of the road structures. The experimental analysis was divided into before and after washing. The samples were analyzed by applying ISO 8502-3 to measure surface contamination of dust adsorbed on the surface. Using the transparent tape attached to the surface, the removal rate was calculated by measuring the weight of the dust, and the number of particles was calculated using the gravimetric method and the software, ImageJ. The results of the experiment showed that the number of dust particles adsorbed on the tile wall surface before and after washing were 3,063 ± 218 particles mL-1 and 20 ± 5 particles mL-1, respectively, with weights of 580 ± 82 mg and 13 ± 4 mg. Particles on the surface of the concrete structure before and after washing were 8,105 ± 1,738 particles mL-1 and 39 ± 6 particles mL-1, respectively, with weights of 1,448 ± 190 mg and 118 ± 32 mg.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2006

혼합유류(등,경유)로 오염된 대상부지의 토양특성을 파악하여 세척공법의 적용성을 판단하고, 적용성시험을 통하여 장치별 설계인자를 도출하였다. 시험결과 본 세척대상토양의 경우 계면활성제와 같은 첨가제를 주입하지 않고 물리적인 탈착공정만을 거쳐도 90%이상의 오염물질이 토양입자표면으로부터 탈착됨을 알 수 있었으며, 이를 반영하여 장치를 제작, 설치하였다. 세척대상 오염토량은 총 $12,225m^3$, 사업수행기간은 약 6개월, 세척장치에 주입된 세척토양의 평균오염농도는 약 3,152ppm 이었으며 세척 완료된 토양의 평균농도는 약 150ppm으로 약 97%의 제거효율을 보여 복원목표인 800ppm을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 그리고, 세척토양의 입도분포를 정확히 파악하고 분리시킬 토양입자 크기를 결정하여 현장 적용한 결과 세척공법으로부터 배출되는 응집슬러지를 최소화할 수 있었으며, 발생되는 세척폐수 또한 세척수 처리시스템을 거쳐 재활용 할 수 있도록 하였다. 이런 결과를 통하여 세척공법이 다른 Ex-situ 공법과 비교하였을 경우 현장의 적용성, 경제성, 복원기간 등을 감안하였을 경우 성공적인 세척공법의 적용사례라 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

Purpose: The cleaning effect of protein deposit and the change of contact lens parameters by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses on the soft contact lenses were investigated. Methods: Etafilcon A contact lenses contaminated with protein, was ultrasonicated by ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses and for the control group, spoiled contact lenses were cleaned by multi-purpose solution. The remaining protein deposits on the contact lenses were determined after extraction and the changes of overall diameter, base curve, center thickness power, and water contents on contact lenses were measured and surfaces of contact lenses were observed by scanning electron microscope. Results: The cleaning efficacies of multi-purpose solution on protein deposited etafilcon A contact lenses were 6.08%, and 23.73~33.92% in the group of ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses with multi-purpose solution and 0~12.99% in the group of ultrasonic clear for contact lens with multipurpose solution depending on the treatment time. The changes of parameters and surface on contact lenses by ultrasonication were not observed. Conclusions: Ultrasonic cleaner for eye glasses can be used to eliminate protein deposits for the diagnostic soft contact lens in the office since it was effective to eliminate protein deposits and not caused change of parameters on soft contact lenses.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2010

Analytic research on the surface pollutant of the three storied-pagoda at the west of Gameunsaji site as well as studies of previous wet cleaning cases was undertaken in order to decide cleaning method for removing inorganic pollutants. The status of pollutant was examined by naked eye observation, SEM-EDS, XRD. Then it was compared and categorized through qualitive and quantitative analysis. The result showed that the surface pollutants consisted of iron compounds or sulfur compounds and it was crystallized in the form of circle, oval, needle, etc. Result, Low-pressure rotating vortex process cleaning, with which particular matters are sprayed in swirl, is considered to be the best method to remove the pollutants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.405-409
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• 2010

Surface cleaning is both essential and troublesome when a consumer seeks to eliminate soil attached to the surface of fresh ginseng because all ginseng purchased in the market is covered with soil, reflecting the post-harvest situation. To facilitate ginseng use at home, a fresh-cut type of ginseng is required. As a first step toward production of such ginseng, several washing and dipping treatments were investigated with respect to surface cleaning and reduction of microbial populations on fresh ginseng. In terms of microbial distribution on the surface of fresh ginseng, higher levels of viable bacteria (6.63 log CFU/each) and fungi (5.12 log CFU/each) were present on the rhizome head than on other regions of the root. Of the washing treatments tested, hand-brushing was effective for surface cleaning and to reduce microorganism levels on fresh ginseng, but use of a high-pressure water spray followed by hand-brushing was optimally effective. To further reduce the levelsof microorganisms on the surface of fresh ginseng after washing, additional dipping treatments in 70% (v/v) ethanol and electrolyzed acidic water (at pH 2.3) were somewhat effective but showed no significant differences compared with other dipping treatments tested, including a 3 ppm ozone solution, a 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution, or hot water at $50^{\circ}C$.