• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-113
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify heat wave vulnerable areas and discuss spatial typology and policy directions through spatial coincidence analysis of heat wave damage. By utilizing the climate change vulnerability assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Spatial Statistics Comparison Analysis, this study examined cities, counties, and districts in South Korea for five years (2015-2019), including 2018, when the heat wave was most extreme. It was determined that the number of heat wave days (exposure) was the most impactful among various factors for heat wave vulnerability. Sensitivity and adaptive capacity to heat waves were found to vary according to regional characteristics. The relationship between heat wave vulnerability and damage was categorized into four types through spatial coherence. Hot to Hot and Cold to Cold types have a positive relationship between vulnerability and damage, while Hot to Cold and Cold to Hot types have a negative relationship. The findings suggest that since different types of regions have distinct characteristics and conditions, policies and research for improvement should be directed to address each region separately. This study may be used as basic data for establishing heat-related policies in the future, as it categorizes regions by considering both heat vulnerability and damage and examines the direction of response by type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2020

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) recommended the importance of preventive measures against extreme weather, and heat waves are one of the main themes for establishing preventive measures. In this study, we tried to analyze the heat vulnerable areas by considering not only spatial characteristics but also social characteristics. Energy consumption, popu lation density, normalized difference vegetation index, waterfront distance, solar radiation, and road distribution were examined as variables. Then, by selecting a suitable model, SLM (Spatial Lag Model), available variables were extracted. Then, based on the Fuzzy theory, the degree of vulnerability to heat waves was analyzed for each variable, and six variables were superimposed to finally derive the heat vulnerable area. The study site was selected as the Daegu area where the effects of the heat wave were high. In the case of vulnerable areas, it was confirmed that the existing urban areas are mainly distributed in Seogu, Namgu, and Dalseogu of Daegu, which are less affected by waterside and vegetation. It was confirmed that both spatial and social characteristics should be considered in policy support for reducing heat waves in Daegu.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Cities are highly susceptible to disasters due to concentration of population and infrastructure and intensive land use, and there are various factors that affect vulnerability according to regional characteristics. This study analyzed the vulnerability of the heat wave and the surface temperature extracted from Landsat 8 satellite data. Areas with high surface temperature and with high vulnerability did not match. This study overlaid the results of vulnerability analysis and the land surface temperature(LST) in order to identify causes of vulnerability. The results showed that some areas within high-density commercial and semi-residential areas were the most vulnerable, with climate exposure factors, the ratio of the vulnerable populations and residential defective areas being the main causes. Accordingly, alternatives such as green space and residential environmental improvement could be suggested. Various policies for reducing and adapting to heat wave have been established and implemented. However, it is necessary to examine the regional and spatial characteristics of the city, to accurately diagnose the cause of the heat wave, and to prepare appropriate long-term alternatives accordingly.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2022

As a result of climate change, the heatwave and urban heat island phenomena have become more common, and the frequency of heatwaves is expected to increase by two to six times by the year 2050. In particular, the heat sensation index felt by workers at construction sites during a heatwave is very high, and the sensation index becomes even higher if the urban heat island phenomenon is considered. The construction site environment and the situations of construction workers vulnerable to heat are not improving, and it is now imperative to respond effectively to reduce such damage. In this study, satellite imagery, land surface temperatures (LST), and long short-term memory (LSTM) were applied to analyze areas above 33 ℃, with the most vulnerable areas with increased synergistic damage from heat waves and the urban heat island phenomena then predicted. It is expected that the prediction results will ensure the safety of construction workers and will serve as the basis for a construction site early-warning system.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.87-107
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• 2018

With more than 10 million inhabitants, in particular, Seoul, the capital of Korea, has already experienced a number of severe heat wave. To alleviate the potential impacts of heat wave and the vulnerability to heat wave, policy-makers have generally considered the option of heat wave strategies containing adaptation elements. From the perspective of sustainable planning for adaptation to heat wave, the objective of this study is to identify the elements of vulnerability and assess heat wave-vulnerability at the dong level. This study also performs an exploratory investigation of the spatial pattern of vulnerable areas in Seoul to heat wave by applying exploratory spatial data analysis. Then this study attempts to select areas with the relatively highest and lowest level of adaptive capacity to heat wave based on an framework of climate change vulnerability assessment. In our analysis, the adaptive capacity is the relatively highest for Seongsan-2-dong in Mapo and the relatively lowest for Changsin-3-dong in Jongno. This study sheds additional light on the spatial patterns of heat wave-vulnerability and the relationship between adaptive capacity and heat wave.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.132-144
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• 2023

Recently, the frequency and intensity of heat waves due to the increase in climate change temperature are increasing. Therefore, this study tried to compare the evaluation process and evaluation results of the heat wave disaster evaluation, which is the government's analysis of the heat wave disaster vulnerability and the risk evaluation method recently emphasized by the IPCC. The analysis of climate change disaster vulnerability is evaluated based on manuals and guidelines prepared by the government. Risk evaluation can be evaluated as the product of the possibility of a disaster and its impact, and it is evaluated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation based on Bayesian estimation method, which uses prior information to infer posterior probability. As a result of the analysis, the two evaluation results for Busan Metropolitan City differed slightly in the spatial distribution of areas vulnerable to heat waves. In order to properly evaluate disaster vulnerable areas due to climate change, the process and results of climate change disaster vulnerability analysis and risk assessment must be reviewed, and consider each methodology and countermeasures must be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.68-84
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• 2020

This study analyzed the relationship between spatial characteristics and heat waves in the distribution area of the elderly population in Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. For analysis, the Statistics Census data, the Ministry of Environment land cover, Landsat 8 surface temperature, and the Meteorological Agency's heat wave days data were used. The spatial characteristics of the distribution of the elderly population was classified into 5 types through K-mean cluster analysis considering the land use types. The characteristics of the elderly population by spatial type were higher in the urbanized type(cluster-3), but the proportion of the elderly population was higher in the agricultural and forest area types(cluster-1, cluster-2). In the characteristics of the surface temperature and the heat wave days, the surface temperature was the highest in the urban area, but heat wave days were the highest in the rural area. As a result of analyzing the heat wave characteristics according to the spatial type of the distribution area of elderly population, cluster-2 with the largest area in agricultural areas was highest at 15.95 days, and cluster-3 with a large area in urbanized types was the lowest at 9.41 days and 9.18 days. In other words, the elderly population living in rural areas is more exposed to heat waves than the elderly population living in urban areas, and the damage is expected to increase. The results of this study could be used as basic data to prepare various policy measures for effective management and prevention of vulnerable areas in summer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2016

This study aims to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using indicators frequently used in previous studies as well as effective indicators for spatial planning like urban and environmental planning. For this purpose, fifteen indicators that influence urban thermal environments such as heat waves, urban heat island effects, and urban micro-climates were identified based on literature reviews. Indicators for presenting urban structure and spatial properties were included; for example, building volume as 'exposure to climate', buildings completed before 1980 as 'sensitivity', and green space areas as 'adaptive capacity'. Among them, twelve indicators were applied to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using a GIS spatial analysis combined with fuzzy logic. The results show that the Gangnam area is identified as more vulnerable to a heat environment as compared to the Gangbuk area. In the Gangnam area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Gangseo-gu were relatively high in vulnerability, while Dongdaemun-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Jungrang-gu were relatively high in the Gangbuk area. Gwanak-gu, Dobong-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, and Nowon-gu, which include forested areas, have low vulnerability in the sectors of 'exposure to climate' and 'sensitivity' due to the impact of Gwanaksan and Bukhansan. However, some areas with high vulnerability like Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu may have lower vulnerability if the indicator 'status of air conditioning' from the sector of 'adaptive capacity' is used. This study could support the establishment of a practicable thermal environment policy and spatial planning to reduce heat-related risks in the field of urban and environmental planning.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2012

To prevent the damage to human health by climate change, vulnerability assessment should be conducted for establishment of adaptation strategies. In this study, vulnerability assessment was conducted to provide information about vulnerable area for making adaptation policy. vulnerability assessment for human health was divided into three categories; extreme heat, ozone, and epidemic disease. To assess vulnerability, suitable indicators were selected by three criteria; sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and exposure, spatial data of indicators were prepared and processed using GIS technique. As a result, high vulnerability to extreme heat was shown in the low land regions of southern part. And vulnerability to harmful ozone was high in the surrounding area of Dae-gu basin and metropolitan area with a number of automobiles. Vulnerability of malaria and tsutsugamushi disease have a region-specific property. They were high in the vicinity of the Dimilitarized zone and south-western plain, respectively. In general, vulnerability of human health was increased in the future time. Vulnerable area was extended from south to central regions and from plain to low mountainous regions. For assessing vulnerability with high accuracy, it is necessary to prepare more related indicators and consider weight of indicators and use climate prediction data based on the newly released scenario when assessing vulnerability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.335-335
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• 2022

남한상세 기후변화 전망보고서(2021)는 2100년대 강원도 강수량이 현재보다 19% 증가하고, 평균기온이 현재보다 6.5℃ 상승할 것으로 공표했다. 강원도는 영동지역과 영서지역으로 분리돼 기후 차이가 분명하다. 기상청 ASOS 데이터(1986~2020)를 이용해 기후 특성을 확인한 결과 영동지역 강수량은 1,463mm, 평균기온은 10.5℃, 상대습도는 66%로 분석됐고, 영서지역 강수량은 1,307mm, 평균기온은 11℃, 상대습도는 68%로 분석됐다. 영동지역 강수량이 영서지역 강수량보다 약 156mm 더 많으며, 이는 영동지역에서 큰 규모의 우심 피해가 발생할 가능성이 존재함을 의미한다. 강원도 평년 우심 피해 현황을 살펴본 결과 영동지역은 5회(피해액: 62억 원), 영서지역은 24회(피해액: 62억원)가 발생했다. 이는 미래로 갈수록 더 심해질 것으로 판단되며, 이런 기상 재난을 객관적으로 판단할 수 있는 기준이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 강원도 기후 재난취약성을 평가했다. 이를 위해 기후변화 위험성, 기후변화 민감도, 기후변화 적응능력 지표를 활용해 기후변화 취약성 지표를 선정했다. 기후변화 위험성 지표는 홍수(CWD, Rx5day, R30mm), 가뭄(CDD, SU, TX90p), 폭염(SU, TR, TN90p), 한파(ID, TX10p, FD)로 RCP 8.5 기후변화시나리오를 ETCCDI 지수에 적용했다. 기후변화 민감도와 기후변화 적응능력 지표는 국가통계포털, 강원통계정보, WAMIS에서 자료를 수집해 선정했다. 또한 재난취약성 지표를 4단계(Very Low, Low, High, Very High)로 구분했다. 홍수 취약성 평가 결과 2090년대 원주시, 춘천시, 횡성군이 Low에서 Very High로 단계가 격상됐다. 가뭄 취약성 평가 결과 2090년대 양양군, 영월군, 정선군이 Very Low에서 Very High로 단계가 격상됐다. 폭염 취약성 평가 결과 2090년대 삼척시, 태백시, 영월군이 Very Low에서 Very High로 단계가 격상됐다. 한파 취약성 평가 결과 삼척시, 태백시, 영월군이 High에서 Very Low로 단계가 격하됐다. 고로 강원도는 기후 재난취약성 평가 결과에 따른 미래 기후변화를 대비하고, 각 지역 특성에 맞는 복원력 관점 기후 재난 관리가 필요하다고 사료된다.