• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 1997

The research has been made for the effects of the pollution by the abandoned coal mine drainage on the physical and chemical properties of soil, stream sediment and soil water. The soils overspreaded by the abandoned coal don't develop solum and the bulk density is $1.83g/m^3$, compared with $1.14-1.38g/m^3$ in the other forest soils. The soil pH range in coal bearing region ie, from 4.01 to 4.11 and non-coal bearing soil range is from 5.03 to 5.13. Heavy metals such as As, Cr, Ni, Mo and Ba of coal bearing soils and polluted stream sediments have larger concentration than those of non-coal content and non-polluted. Especially As and Mo concentrations are largely high in coal bearing. The relative ratios $K_2O/Na_2O$ of geochemical elements are higher in coal bearing soil and polluted stream sediments than those of non-coal bearing soils and non-polluted stream sediments as well as black shales of the Changri Formation. However, $MgO+Fe_2O_3+TiO_2/CaO+K_2O$ are the opposite trends, so that the ratios are lower in the polluted regions. The soil water pHs in the polluted regions are the strong acid(pH3.4-4.2) and buffer capacity of the polluted soil is low because canons such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{+2}$are leached by the acidification.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2011

This study was to measure the patient dose difference between 3D treatment planning CT and 4D respiratory gating CT. Study was performed with each 10 patients who have lung and liver cancer for measured patient exposure dose by using SOMATON SENSATION OPEN(SIMENS, GERMANY). CTDIvol and DLP value was used to analyze patient dose, and actual dose was measured in the location of liver and kidney for abdominal examination and lung, heart and spinal cord for chest examination. Rando phantom were used for the experiment. OSLD was used for in-vitro and in-vivo dosimetry. Increasing overall actual dose in 4D respiratory gated CT-simulation using OSLD increase the dose by 5.5 times for liver cancer patients and 6 times for lung cancer patients. In CT simulation of 10 lung cancer patients, CTDIvol value was increased by 5.7 times and DLP 2.4 times. For liver cancer patients, CTDIvol was risen by 3.8 times and DLP 1.6 times. The accuracy of treatment volume could be increased in 4D CT planning for position change due to the breaths of patient in the radiation therapy. However, patients dose was increased in 4D CT than 3D CT. In conclusion, constant efforts is required to reduce patients dose by reducing scan time and scan range.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Background: Accurate assessment of the preload and the fluid responsiveness is of great importance for optimizing cardiac output, especially in those patients with coronary artery occlusive disease (CAOD). In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the parameters of preload with the changes in the stroke volume index (SVI) after fluid loading in patients who were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of this study was to find the predictors of fluid responsiveness in order to assess the feasibility of using. certain parameters of preload as a guide to fluid therapy. Material and Method: We studied 96 patients who were undergoing CABG. After induction of anesthesia, the hemodynamic parameters were measured before (T1) and 10 min after volume replacement (T2) by an infusion of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (10 mL/kg) over 20 min. Result: The right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (RVEDVI), as well as the central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), failed to demonstrate significant correlation with the changes in the SVI (%). Only the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) measured at T1 showed significant correlation. with the changes of the SVI by linear regression (r=0.272, p=0.017). However, when the area under the curve of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was evaluated, none of the parameters were over 0.7. The volume-induced increase in the SVI was 10% or greater in 31 patients (responders) and under 10% in 65 patients (non-responders). None of the parameters of preload measured at T1 showed a significant difference between the responders and non-responders, except for the RVEF. Conclusion: The conventional parameters measured with a volumetric pulmonary artery catheter failed to predict the response of SVI following fluid administration in patients suffering with CAOD.