• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2006

Purpose : The serotyping results of the Quellung reaction was compared with the newly developed multiplex latex assay and the sensitivity of the Quellung reaction was compared. Methods : We checked the serotypes of 35 samples obtained from patients treated at Yonsei University Medical Center using the multiplex latex bead method and compared the results with the serotypes previously obtained via the Quellung reaction. Results : A decrease in the mean fluorescence was detected in the samples tested with the multiplex assay. Seventeen samples out of the 27 samples agreed to the results of the Quellung assay. We were only able to confirm the concordance of 11 serotypes out of 14 serotypes available. Conclusion : The Quellung reaction is time consuming procedure and prone to errors even with expertise in the procedure, and other alternate methods in serotyping have been investigated to overcome these problems. The newly developed multiplex latex bead assay can test more samples at the same time and has a higher degree of sensitivity. A large scale trial is required to test the sensitivity of the new assay across various serotypes along with efforts to increase the sensitivity of the Quellung assay. The preliminary data suggests that this method may be widely used.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.464-468
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• 2006

The incidence of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary diseases are on the increase in Korea with the higher probability of occurrence in middle-aged and older men with underlying lung diseases Among nontuberculosus mycobacterial (NTM) infections, the clinical features of M. kansasii pulmonary infection are most similar to those of tuberculosis (TB). The chest radiographic findings of M. kansasii infection are almost indistinguishable from those of M. tuberculosis (predominance of an upper lobe infiltration and cavitary lesions), even though some suggest that cavities are more commonly thin-walled and have less surrounding infiltration than those of typical TB lesions. Although there are reports on the rare manifestations of M. kansasii infections, such as endobronchial ulcer, arthritis, empyema, cutaneous and mediastinal lymphadenitis, cellulites and osteomyelitis, the association with bronchial anthracofibrosis has not yet been reported. This report describes the first case of M. kansasii infection presenting as a lung mass in the right lower lobe with accompanying bronchial anthracofibrosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.652-656
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• 2005

Tuberculosis is the leading infectious disease in the world. It is urgent to develop new vaccine and treating drugs. Besides vaccines, we want to know the effects of regular swim training on TB infection in the mouse model. This study was designed to examine the effects of regular swim training on lung and spleen TB counts and $INF-\gamma$ activity in the trained mice at different temperature. The trained mice underwent a 10-wk endurance swim training (5 times/wk) in water at $29\~33^{\circ}C$ (WWG) and $21\~23^{\circ}C$(CWG) for 60 min. And they were divided into 3 groups according to the regular swim training (CG; control, WWG; warm water group, and CWG; cold water group). Mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv using an inhalation device (Glas-Col, Terre Haute, Ind.) calibrated to deliver bacteria into lungs. Three weeks after immunization, the mice were challenged. Four weeks after challenge, the mice were sacrificed and the numbers of viable bacteria in lung and spleen were determined by plating serial dilution of whole organ homogenates on nutrient Middlebrook 7H11 agar (Difco, Detroit, MI). Colonies were counted after four weeks incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. All data were expressed as mean, standard deviation by using SPSS package program (win 10.0). The result through the statistical analysis of this data were summarized as follows; In the weight changes, there were significant differences among CG, WWG, and CWG following the swim training at different temperature, and CWG was the lowest. In the change of $INF-\gamma$ following the swim training, there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG after stimulated with media and CFP. In MTB counts, there were significant differences (p<.05) between CG and WWG in the lung. And also there were significant differences (p<.05) among CG, WWG, and CWG. These results suggest that regular swim training suppress Th1 immune response caused by decreased $INF-\gamma$ level in the WWG, Also For the WWG, highly increased level of TB counts appear in the lung and spleen compare to CG.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.725-729
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• 1998

Endobronchial leiomyoma is extremely rare and accounts for less than 2% of benign tumors of the lower respiratory tract. Leiomyomas are predominantly found in the young and the middle aged : of the average age being 35 years for bronchial and lung parenchymal lesions and 40.6 years for tracheal lesions. The symptom depends on the location of the tumor, its size, and changes in the lung distal to the lesion. A 37-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of coughing. Bronchoscopy revealed complete obstruction of the right main bonchus at the carina by an oval-shaped, nonulcerative, smooth, and pinkish-tan tumor with a broad margin and extended to the left main bronchus. A biopsy was performed and showed a benign spindle cell tumor. A right pneumonectomy was performed because of chronic infection, and the lung could not expanded during aeration. The histological diagnosis of the resected specimen was leiomyoma. The postoperative course was uneventful.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.781-786
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• 1995

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) was performed in a 61 year old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma with 10 cc of Lipiodol and 50 mg of doxorubicin. Three days later, he complained of dyspnea and dry cough. The arterial blood gas study revealed moderate hypoxemia and hypocarbia. The chest PA showed acute pulmonary edema with bilateral pleural effusion. To rule out the possibilities of acute respiratory failure caused by infection, pulmonary embolism or congestive heart failure, we performed several laboratory studies. The blood and sputum culture studies revealed negative results for bacterial growth. The echocardiogram was normal. The abdominal CT scan and MR imaging revealed no thrombus or mass lesion in the inferior vena cava. So we concluded pulmonary oil embolism induced by lipiodol as the cause of acute lung injury. Four weeks later, clinical symptoms and chest x-ray were markedly improved with conservative care. We report a case of acute lung injury after TACE with lipiodol and doxorubicin, with review of literatures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.298-303
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• 2023

Electronic cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is a disease defined by lung injuries caused by e-cigarette use. It predominantly manifests in forms of organized pneumonia or diffuse alveolar damage but rarely as acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). This report describes a 34-year-old male with acute respiratory symptoms and a vaping history of only nicotine. Chest CT revealed peripheral distributing multiple patchy consolidations and ground-glass opacities dominant in both lower lobes, bilateral diffuse interlobular septal thickening, and bilateral pleural effusion without cardiomegaly. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed increased eosinophilia levels, while infectious laboratory results were all negative, enabling the diagnosis of both AEP and EVALI. Herein, we report a rare case of only-nicotine vaping EVALI manifested as AEP.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.317-329
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• 2002

Background : Immunotherapy is another treatment modality for various cancers. There is little information on the antitumor effects of immunotherapy on implanted lung cancer mouse models. Toxoplasma gondii is able to potently induce a nonspecific stimulation of the host immune system. Therefore, this study evaluated the antitumor and antimetastatic effect of nonspecific immune stimulation by T. gondii in a Lewis lung cancer mouse model. Methods : Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with either Lewis lung cancer cells ($1{\times}10^6$ per mouse) or 5 cysts from the T. gondii Me49 strain with various schedules. The number of survival days, the tumor size of the implanted muscle and the histopathological findings of each group were noted. In addition to these mice, the Toxoplasma antigen($50{\mu}g$ per mouse) or a lymphokine (0.5 ml per mouse) was added to boost the immunotherapy. Results : No mouse in the Toxoplasma-infected group had died, whereas the mice receiving only the cancer cells (cancer control) survived for $29.1{\pm}4.4$ days. Cancer cells were revealed from 1 week after cancer cell inceulation in the muscle and from 3 weeks in the lung of the cancer control, whereas cancer cells were found in both the preinfection control and coinfection control groups from 2 weeks and 4 weeks in the lung respectively. The in the number of survival days were $32.4{\pm}3.3$ in the mice receiving T. gondii 2 weeks prior to the cancer cells inoculation (preinfection control), $30.9{\pm}5.1$ in mice received both simultaneously (coinfection control), and $34.9{\pm}2.9$ in mice received T. gondii 2 weeks after cancer cells implantation (postinfection control). These 3 infection groups had significantly longer survival days and suppressed tumor growth than those of the cancer control. In addition to these mice, and injection with the Toxoplasma antigen alone or in combination with lymphokine resulted in a significant increase in the number of survival days. Conclusion : These findings suggest that an injection with T. gondii can induce the antitumor and antimetastatic effects in Lewis lung cancer mouse models. Moreover, these effects were increased with an injection of the Toxoplasma antigen alone or in combination with lymphokine. However, this therapy can not prevent the development of cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.39 no.5 s.262
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• pp.403-406
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• 2006

Infarction of the lung usually results from pulmonary arterial obstruction. Pulmonary infarcts often become infected from bronchial contamination and may become lung abscesses, empyema, or bronchopleural fistula causing sepsis. Diagnosis is important for intensive therapy, since infection is prone to spread. Resection of the infarcted lung should be considered early in an attempt to control infection. A sixty-seven-year-old man was hospitalized with dyspnea. A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed left lower lobe infiltration and mild pleural effusion with pleural thickening. There was a thrombus in the left pulmonary artery leading from the lower lobe to the upper lobe artery. At operation, the left lower lobe was found to have complete hemorrhagic infarction. The left lower lobectomy was performed. The remaining thrombus was removed after the left main pulmonary arteriotomy. He has been followed up for 15 months and has done well with no recurrence of thrombus and infarction of the lung.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1385-1388
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• 2005

Paragonimiasis is the infestation of lung flukes of the trematode genus Paragonimus. This disease is common in Asia, and the southern part of Korea has been known as one of the endemic areas of Paragonimiasis westermanii in Korea. Human infection is associated with specific dietary habits, such as eating freshwater crawfish or crabs. In a 6 1/2-year-old boy with pleural effusion and eosinophilia, paragonimiasis was diagnosed by skin test, serologic exam, and histologic identification of the parasites in a skin lesion. The same diagnosis was entertained in his elder sister with silent pleural effusion. We describe herewith these rare cases of paragonimiasis in two siblings who had a history of eating cooked freshwater crabs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.101-104
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• 2002

닭의 전신장기에 림프종 발생이 특정인 마렉병(Marek's disease; MD)은 림프구성 백혈병(Lymphoid leukosis; LL)과 병리학적 소견이 매우 유사하여 감별이 요구된다. 마렉병 바이러스(Marek's disease virus; MDV)는 질병초기에서 후기에 이르기까지 모낭상피세포에 세포용해성 감염을 지속적으로 일으킨다. 세포용해성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포는 변성내지 괴사되어 있고 핵내봉입체가 관찰된다. 또한 세포용해성 감염이 있는 모낭상피세포 바로 밑의 진피와 깃털 수질(feather pulp)내의 혈관주위에 림프구 침윤이 관찰된다. 이러한 피부병변은 MD의 특징적인 병변들로서 LL과 감별할 수 있는 결정적인 단서이다. 본 고에서는 MD에 관한 전반적인 것과 특히 MD 진단을 위한 피부병변의 유용성에 대해서 자세히 논하고자 한다. 양계산업에 문제를 야기하고 있는 림프구 증식성 종양은 크게 마렉병(Marek’s disease; MD)과 백혈병(Lymphoid leukosis; LL)이 있다. 이들 질환의 원인체들이 분리되기 전까지는 이들 질병들은 발병부위에 따라 질병명을 붙였다. 즉, 내부장기냐 근육에 발생한 것은 visceral lymphomatosis, 피부에 발생한 것은 skin leukosis, 말초신경의 병변은 poly­n neuritis, neuritis, neurolymphomatosis gallinarum, range paralyis로 불리었다. 또한 눈에 발생한 것은 blindness, gray eye, iritis, uveitis, ocular lymphomatosis라고 불리었다. 1961년에 Biggs는 이러한 림프구 증식성 질병을 마렉병과 백혈병 으로 분류하자는 제안을 하였고, 드디어 1960년대 중반에 림프구 증식성 병변 중의 일부에서 herpesvirus가 분리되어서 Biggs가 제안한 병명인 마렉병을 본격적으로 사용하게 되었다. MD는 마렉병 바이러스(Marek’s disease virus; MDV)가 원 인제로서 닭에 전염성이 강한 염증성에서 종양성의 병변을 내부장기, 피부, 근육, 안구, 중추신경계, 말초신경계 등에 일 으킨다. MDV는 림프종을 유발하기 때문에 처음에는 사람에서 림프종을 유발하는 Epstein-Bar 바이러스와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되어 gamma-herpesvirus로 분류되었지만, MDV의 게놈 구조와 세포배양에서 빠르게 성장한다는 점 때문에 지금은 alpha-herpesvirus로 재분류 되었다. MDV는 바이러스 중화시험과 한천 겔 침강법에 의해서 3개의 혈청형으로 분류 된다. 혈청형 1은 종양원성 바이러스와 종양원성 바이러스의 계대배양에 의한 약독주가 있다. 혈청형 2는 자연적으로 발 생하는 비종양원성 닭의 MDV이고, 혈정형 3은 바종양원성 칠면조 herpesvirus (HVT)이다. 림프종을 유발하는 MDV 감염은 4개의 과정, 즉 초기 세포용해성 감염, 잠복감염, 후기 세포용해성 감염, 마지막으로 종양화로 나눌 수 있다. 감염의 경로를 보면, 흡입된 MDV는 폐의 대식세포에 감염한 후 전선 장기로 MDV를 전파 시킨다. 특히, 흉선, F냥, 비장 등의 림프구에 초기 세포용해성 감염을 일으키는데, B 림프구가 주로 감염된다. 세포용해성 감염음 방어하기 위해 몰려든 T 림프구가 활성화가 되면, T 세포도 감염되게 된다. 잠복감염은 여러 가지 사이토카인 등 을 포함한 면역반응에 의해서 일어나며, 이 때 잠복감염된 세포는 특히 혈중의 T 세포라고 한다. 혈중 MDV 감염세포 는 피부 모낭상피세포, 선장 등 상피세포 유래의 조직에 MDV를 전파 시켜서 이들 조직에서 후기 세포용해성 감염이 일어나게 한다. 후기 세포용해성 감염을 유발하는 것은 이러한 MDV가 감염된 혈중 림프구라는 증거는 혈중의 세포 외에는 감염성 바이러스가 없기 때문이다. 후기 세포용해성 감염이 있는 후 육안적 혹은 현미경적으로 검출이 가능한 림프종이 여러 장기에서 관찰된다. MDV가 감염되면 병변 발생부위에 따라서 다양한 임상증상이 발생한다. 즉 내부장기에 병변이 있을 경우는 침울, 체중감소, 산란율 저하 등이 발생하며, 신경계는 발생부위별 신경증상이 일어난다. 이러한 장기나 조직에서는 육안적으로 백색에서 회백색의 종양성 병변이 관찰된다. 말초신경에 병변이 발생한 경우에는 특히 좌골신경 및 신경총에서 호발하는데, 이들 조직은 편측성 혹은 양측성으로 종창되어 있다. 안구는 간혹 육안적으로 식별이 가능한 홍채 퇴색 및 증식 병변이 관찰된다. 피부형 MD는 특히 육용계에서 문제가 되고 있으며, 산란계의 내장형 MD가 발생한 경우에도 피부를 자세히 설펴보면 피부형 MD를 간혹 관찰할 수 있다. 피부형 MD는 모낭주위에 원형의 결절형태로 발생하는데, 이들 병변이 커지면 바로 옆의 병변과 융합 되어 큰 결절을 형성하기도 한다. (중략)