• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

In this study, the design of the solar heating system for district heating as well as it's operating characteristics and the performance analysis was carried out. This solar district heating system was composed of two different types of solar collector circuit, flat plate and vacuum tube solar collector, in a system. This system supply constant temperature of hot water without solar buffer tank. For this, the proportional(variable flow rate) control was used. The experimental facility for this study was used the Bundang district solar heating system which was installed in the end of 2006. The operating characteristics and behaviour of each collector circuits are investigated especially for the system design and control. The yearly solar thermal efficiency is 47.5% on the basis of aperture area and 39.8% on the basis of gross area of collector. As a result this solar heating system without solar buffer tank and with proportional controller was testified a very effective and simplified system for district heating. It varied especially depend on the weather condition like as solar radiation and ambient temperature.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.166-170
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• 2000

자연열(태양열)을 효율적으로 이용하기위해 1999년부터 2000년 까지 2년간 상면적이 100$m^2$인 3동의 유리온실에 각기 다른 집열시스템을 설치하였다. 즉, 집열면적과 경사도가 각각 24$m^2$, 50$^{\circ}$로서 현재 시판되고 있는 태양열 집열기(평판형, Solar hart Inc.)를 이용하는 방법, 직경과 송풍량이 각각 1m, 2.5m$^{-3}$.m$^{-2}$ .min로서 라디에이터가 부착된 2개의 유동팬을 천장부에 설치하고 천창을 밀폐한 후 온실상부의 열을 집열하는 방법, 온실의 중도리 전부를 물이 순환되는 각관 (75x45x3t, 1m 간격x10줄x온실길이 12m=120m)으로 설치하여 집열하는 방법 등으로 하였다. 각 동마다 지하에 26톤의 저수 능력을 갖는 D2000xW1500xL8600의 축열조를 설치한 후 중간을 막아 저온수조와 고온수조로 구분하였고, 수조 중간 1.5m 높이에 통수로를 내어 일정량의 물(약 15톤)이 지속적으로 순화될 수 있도록 하였다. 최저기온 9$^{\circ}C$로 설정하여 1,000$m^2$를 공간 난방할 경우 난방연료 절감율은 태양열 집열기, 유동팬 및 각관에서 각각 7%, 19%, 28%로 나타났다. 태양열 집열기를 이용하는 대부분의 농가에서는 40~50$m^2$ 정도의 집열면적을 갖는 집열기를 이용하고 있는데 이 경우 년간 난방연료 절감율은 14% 정도로서 경제성이 없으며, 유동팬도 집열효율에 비해 제작, 설치 및 유지비가 과다하게 소요되므로 경제성이 없다. 각관의 경우 관 자체의 자재비나 설치비에 추가부담이 적으면서 집열효율이 비교적 높기 때문에 관의 부식, 골조 표면적 증가에 의한 시설내 차광 증가, 중도리의 각형 구조로 인한 강도저하 등의 문제가 해결되면 집열 방법으로 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

Research about hybrid solar air-water heater that can make heated air and hot water was conducted as a part of improving efficiency of solar thermal energy. At this experiment, ability of making heating air and hot water was investigated and compared with traditional solar air heater and flat plate solar collector for hot water when air or liquid was heated respectively. Comparing hybrid solar air-water heater that used in this experiment to other solar air heater studied already, it has a lower efficiency at same mass flow rate. Air channel structure, fin's shape and arrangement in the air channel result in these difference then the ability of air heating need to be improved with changing these thing. In case of making hot water, performance was shown as similar with traditional system although the air channels were established beneath absorbing plate. But the heat loss coefficient was shown higher value by installing of air channel. Also the performance of hot water making was shown lower value at same liquid mass flow rate with traditional flat plate solar collector for hot water. So the necessity of performance improvement at lower mass flow rate of each heating medium can be confirmed.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2015

In this study, a thermal storage performance and characteristics of daily operation were investigated when the air and the liquid were heated simultaneously by a hybrid solar air-water heater that can make hot water as well as heated air. The hybrid solar air-water heater is kind of a flat plate solar collector that can make hot water and heated air by installing air channel beneath absorber plate of traditional flat plate solar collector for hot water. As a result of daily operation, maximum water temperature reached in a thermal storage was shown $44^{\circ}C$ on 73kg/h of air mass flow rate and about $40^{\circ}C$ on 176kg/h of air mass flow rate. Thus, the necessity of heating water in thermal storage by operating only liquid side was confirmed when the temperature of liquid in thermal storage is lower than we need. In case of efficiency investigated on daily operation, the thermal efficiency of the liquid side was decreased with increment of the inlet liquid temperature and decrement of the solar radiation, but efficiency of the air side was increased with increment of inlet liquid temperature difference as the traditional solar air heater. Total thermal efficiency of the collector was shown from 65.85% to 78.23% and it was decreased with increment of the inlet liquid temperature and decrement of solar radiation same as the traditional system.

• 에너지공학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1993

평판형 태양열 집열기에 적용되는 열파이프는 증발부에 상대적인 낮은 열유속으로 길이가 길고 가느다란 형상을 갖는다. 이러한 열파이프는 증발부의 하단부에서 액체 Pool이 형성하는 경향이 있다. 그리고 이 Pool에서 과열, 급속한 기포의 생성, 기포의 폭발적인 성장과정과 Flooding 등의 복잡한 증발과 유체 역학적 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 4개의 열파이프와 3개의 열사이폰을 이용하여 주 설계변수인 작동유체의 충전량과 위크의 설치 영역을 조절함으로써 이러한 문제를 해결하도록 하였다. 이에 대한 결과들은 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다$^{1)}$ . 열파이프의 유효 열전도도는 단열부와 응축부에 위크를 제거함으로써 상당히 개선할 수 있었다$^{2)}$ .액체의 충전량은 위크를 적실수 있는 양보다 약 40%정도 증가시켜야 한다$_{3)}$ . 증발부에서 위크는 핵비 등의 단속적 발생에 의한 불안정한 작동과 포기 시동과정에서 응답시간을 줄이는데 유용한 효과를 갖는다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

In this study, heating performance of the air-cooled heat pump with vapor-injection (VI) cycles, re-heater and solar heat storage tank was investigated experimentally. Devices used in the experiment were comprised of a VI compressor, re-heater, economizer, variable evaporator, flat-plate solar collector for hot water, thermal storage tank, etc. As working fluid, refrigerant R410A for heat pump and propylene glycol (PG) for solar collector were used. In this experiment, heating performance was compared by three cycles, A, B and C. In case of Cycle B, heat exchange was conducted between VI suction refrigerant and inlet refrigerant of condenser by re-heater (Re-heater in Fig. 3, No. 3) (Cycle B), and Cycle A was not use re-heater on the same operating conditions. In case of Cycle C, outlet refrigerant from evaporator go to thermal storage tank for getting a thermal energy from solar thermal storage tank while re-heater also used. As a result, Cycle C reached the target temperature of water in a shorter time than Cycle B and Cycle A. In addition, it was founded that, as for the coefficient of heating performance($COP_h$), the performance in Cycle C was improved by 13.6% higher than the performance of Cycle B shown the average $COP_h$ of 3.0 and by 18.9% higher than the performance of Cycle A shown the average $COP_h$ of 2.86. From this results, It was confirmed that the performance of heat pump system with refrigerant re-heater and VI cycle can be improved by applying solar thermal energy as an auxiliary heat source.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

In this study, the performance of hybrid solar air-water heater when the heated air was used as inlet air was investigated during air and liquid were heated simultaneously. Temperature difference between inlet air and ambient was set as $0^{\circ}C$, $13^{\circ}C$ and $22^{\circ}C$ and it was maintained during the daily operation. As a result, thermal efficiency of liquid heating was increased when the inlet air temperature was increased and heat gain of the water in heat storage tank was also increased with increment of temperature difference between inlet air and ambient temperature. On the contrary to this, the decrement of air heating efficiency and total efficiency of collector was confirmed with increment of inlet air temperature and it is considered that heat gain of liquid side is lower than heat loss of air side that occurring by using heated air as inlet air of collector. So, from these results, maximum temperature that the liquid in heat storage tank can reach was expected to increase if the return air or any heated air was used as inlet air. But air and total efficiency of hybrid solar air-water is decreased, so using outdoor air as inlet air is considered as better way on perspective of using of solar thermal energy by hybrid solar collector. However, it is hard to conclude that using outdoor air is better than heated air on the perspective of energy saving of building because the performance of heat storage performance was increased even air and total thermal efficiency was decreased, so the necessity of more profound consideration about these result in further research was confirmed for putting the hybrid solar air-water heater to practical use.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

태양열은 지구에서 가장 풍부한 재생에너지 중의 하나이지만, 일반적으로 태양열이 풍부한 계절과 열부하가 큰 계절이 서로 달라 사용에 제한이 있다. 유럽과 캐나다에서는 하절기의 풍부한 태양열을 저장하고 그 열을 동절기 난방부하에 활용하여 에너지를 절감하는 태양열 계간축열시스템을 활용하고 있다. 최근 물탱크방식 및 지중축열방식의 태양열 계간축열시스템이 국내에 소개되어 실증연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 연간 2,164 GJ의 난방부하를 가진 경기도 화성시의 유리온실 1개동에 $2,000m^2$의 평판형 태양열 집열기, $20,000m^2$의 지중 계간축열조를 사용하고 단기축열조를 사용하지 않는 보어홀 방식의 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템을 모델링하여, 운전제어조건에 따른 태양열 이용률을 평가하였다. 시간에 따른 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템의 동적성능예측을 위하여 TRNSYS 18 프로그램을 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 제안한 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템은 태양열 집열과 지중 계간축열조 방열에 각각 차온 제어 하였을 때, 5년간 평균 약 60%의 태양열 이용률을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 제안된 시스템은 태양열 지중 계간축열시스템의 구성과 제어방법을 단순화하고 성능을 확보하였다.