• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2008

This paper introduces a derivation method of both P-SKIP and B-SKIP modes for illumination compensation in the multi-view video coding scheme. In this proposed method, mismatches between IC flag and IC offset in P-SKIP mode are removed, and also computational complexity is far reduced in B-SKIP mode in comparison to a multi-view video coding scheme. In simulation results, proposed method has the almost same coding efficiency in comparison with the referenced coding scheme. However computational complexity in 11m-time decoding process is tremendously reduced, such that the average number of blocks that should be processed in P-SKIP mode is saved in about 7.47%, and the average number of operations per block in B-SKIP mode is saved in about 50.36% and corresponding average decoding time per block is also saved in 46%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.49-54
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 도로 조명 설비에 있어서의 도로 면의 휘도 분포 및 조도 분포뿐만 아니라, 평균 휘도 및 평균 조도, 전반 균제도와 길이상의 균제도, 임계 증분, 광막휘도, 글레어 등의 계산을 수행하는 프로그램(Lighting Analysing Program for Road, LAPRoad)을 개발하였다. 도로 및 조명기구의 기하학적 배치와 함께 노면의 반사 특성과 조명기구의 배광 특성이 사용자의 선택에 의해 입력된다. 계산의 정확도와 LAPRoad의 유용성을 검증하기 위해 실제 조도와 휘도를 측정하고 이를 계산 결과의 비교하여 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

Average illuminaoce and luminance can be calculated by grarhical rrethods to a certain extent, but to calculate for a wide place, a suitable software is needed. Softwares suitable for this purpose have been already developed in foreign nations, but the appropiate softwares for domestic use have not been developed 1berefore a program is develqJed which is executable in Hangul Windows. The softwares LAPRoad, is develqJed to calculate luminaoce and illuminance distribution of road surlace, as well as average luminance and illuminance, overall uniformity, longitudinal uniformity, threshold increement, veilling luminance, and glare. And an apparatus that measures road surface reflection properties is developed. Because the road surlace reflection properties is very important in luminance calculation, then concrete road surlace reflection properties were measered.asered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2007

현재, 새로운 조명광원으로서 백색 LED가 기대되고 있으며, 이를 이용하는 조명이 확대되어 실용화 될 것으로 예상된다. LED 광원을 이용하여 조명기구를 제작하고 이것을 실내조명으로 사용할 때 조명기구에 의한 글레어가 편안함을 주는지 불편함을 주는지에 대한 평가가 요구된다. 실내 조명환경에 대한 불쾌글레어를 평가하기 위해 UGR(Unified Glare Rating)을 추천하고 있다. 그러나 균일한 글레어 광원의 평균휘도를 이용하여 계산된 종래의 불쾌글레어 평가법들은 불균일한 휘도를 갖는 LED 조명기구에 대해서는 적용하기 어렵게 될 것으로 판단된다. 그래서 UGR를 이용하였을 경우, 균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구와 불균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구에 대해서 어떠한 차이가 있는지 다음의 불쾌글레어의 주관평가 실험을 수행하였다. 평균휘도가 같고 최대 휘도와 최소 휘도가 다른 조명기구(균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구 1종과 불균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구 2종)를 글레어 광원으로 사용하였다. 입체각(${\omega}$)과 위치지수(Position Index)를 고정시키고 배경휘도($L_b$)와 광원휘도($L_s$)를 임의로 변화시켰다. 주어진 환경에서 피험자로 하여금 얼마나 편안하진 또는 불편한지에 대한 느낌을 값으로 평가하도록 하였다. 우선, UGR과 주관평가 사이에 차이가 나타났으며, 이는 동 서양에 따른 문화적 및 생리적 차이에 기인한다고 생각된다. 다음으로 균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구보다 불균일한 휘도를 갖는 LED 조명기구가 더 높은 값을 할당 받아 LED 조명기구가 불쾌감을 더 유발시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 LED 소자 간격에 따른 영향은 글레어 광원의 휘도가 높아질수록 크게 나타났으며, 배경휘도에 대해서도 광원의 휘도가 높아질수록 LED 소자 간격의 차이에 의한 영향이 나타났다. 따라서 UGR식은 균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구에 적용하기에는 적합하지만, 불균일한 휘도를 갖는 조명기구에 적용하기에는 부적합하다고 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 차세대 비디오 부호화 기술인 VVC (Versatile Video Coding)의 색차 성분 화면 내 예측 기술인 DM (Derived Mode) 가 분할 구조가 이중 트리일 때 색차 블록에 대응하는 휘도 블록을 선택하는 기존 방식의 효율성을 분석하기 위해 색차 블록에 대응하는 휘도 영역 내 휘도 블록의 개수를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 하나의 색차 블록에 대응하는 휘도 영역 내에 평균적으로 4.408 개의 휘도 블록이 존재함을 확인하였다. 따라서 DM 을 통한 부호화 시 대응하는 휘도 영역 내 복수개의 휘도 블록을 고려하여, 유도되는 최적의 예측 모드를 잘 선정하는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between physical characteristics and general people's perception. In this study, the physical quantities of artificial lighting were measured from the visual point of the pedestrian and general public perception including preference and satisfaction was examined. As a result of this study, the total luminance and mean luminance had different value in each site. However, there were no significant differences in area and number of light source between sites. The effects of these factors are affected by indoor lighting. In the group of respondents, 10s people, male, students, meeting, 1~2 times a month and 18:00~20:00 had higher satisfaction compared to other groups respectively. A total luminance and mean luminance gave effect on the satisfaction of physical quantities of artificial lighting and the satisfaction on night landscape. With increase in total luminance and mean luminance, the satisfaction was lowered. It is necessary to reflect these factors on the future policies of nightscape.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.168-172
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• 2016

The purpose of the optimal environment of the MRI room to measured luminance and illuminance of the MRI room and the monitor. University Hospital (n = 6) of the MRI (n = 10) in the luminance and illuminance Light Probe Xi Unfors (Unfors Instruments AB, Billdal, Sweden) was measured by using the. Black luminance level and white level of illuminance is repeated three times in the middle of the side of the monitor to obtain the mean and standard deviation using a t-test statistical processing was of significance test. Monitor luminance and black level in the average $1.78cd/m^2$, the standard deviation was $0.85cd/m^2$, white level average of $43.58cd/m^2$, the standard deviation of $13.19cd/m^2$. Illuminance of MRI room was the lowest value measured in accordance with the 30.5 lux, the maximum value is 601.3 lux, mean was measured by a variety of 177.86 lux. Luminance and illuminance of the MRI room and monitor is found to have statistically significant difference (p < .05). In conclusion, refer to the recommended standard of MRI and room monitor luminance and illuminance and to create an optimal environment.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.12-18
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• 2009

In this paper, we developed white balance correction processor for Full Color LED Display System which could be display uniformity color and soft light by adjusting brightness of red, green, blue pixel, individually. This processor correct brightness by calculating operating current of each pixel(red, green, blue LED) on the basis of characteristic curve of LED device when we named "a" as a specific characteristic value, "b" as a brightness correction value according to using time, "X" as a operating current value, and "Y" as brightness value. As the results, we solved the reduction problem of brightness for long used LED devices, according to increase entire mean of brightness value by adjusting "b" value from the brightness characteristic function.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.420-433
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to improve the calibration matrixes of 2-D and 3-D convective rainfall rates (CRR) using the brightness temperature of the infrared $10.8{\mu}m$ channel (IR), the difference of brightness temperatures between infrared $10.8{\mu}m$ and vapor $6.7{\mu}m$ channels (IR-WV), and the normalized reflectance of the visible channel (VIS) from the COMS satellite and rainfall rate from the weather radar for the period of 75 rainy days from April 22, 2011 to October 22, 2011 in Korea. Especially, the rainfall rate data of the weather radar are used to validate the new 2-D and 3-DCRR calibration matrixes suitable for the Korean peninsula for the period of 24 rainy days in 2011. The 2D and 3D calibration matrixes provide the basic and maximum CRR values ($mm\;h^{-1}$) by multiplying the rain probability matrix, which is calculated by using the number of rainy and no-rainy pixels with associated 2-D (IR, IR-WV) and 3-D (IR, IR-WV, VIS) matrixes, by the mean and maximum rainfall rate matrixes, respectively, which is calculated by dividing the accumulated rainfall rate by the number of rainy pixels and by the product of the maximum rain rate for the calibration period by the number of rain occurrences. Finally, new 2-D and 3-D CRR calibration matrixes are obtained experimentally from the regression analysis of both basic and maximum rainfall rate matrixes. As a result, an area of rainfall rate more than 10 mm/h is magnified in the new ones as well as CRR is shown in lower class ranges in matrixes between IR brightness temperature and IR-WV brightness temperature difference than the existing ones. Accuracy and categorical statistics are computed for the data of CRR events occurred during the given period. The mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squire error (RMSE) in new 2-D and 3-D CRR calibrations led to smaller than in the existing ones, where false alarm ratio had decreased, probability of detection had increased a bit, and critical success index scores had improved. To take into account the strong rainfall rate in the weather events such as thunderstorms and typhoon, a moisture correction factor is corrected. This factor is defined as the product of the total precipitable waterby the relative humidity (PW RH), a mean value between surface and 500 hPa level, obtained from a numerical model or the COMS retrieval data. In this study, when the IR cloud top brightness temperature is lower than 210 K and the relative humidity is greater than 40%, the moisture correction factor is empirically scaled from 1.0 to 2.0 basing on PW RH values. Consequently, in applying to this factor in new 2D and 2D CRR calibrations, the ME, MAE, and RMSE are smaller than the new ones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.207-212
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• 1999

도로 조명에 있어서 질적인 평가 기준으로서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 휘도 개념은 노면의 반사 특성에 따라 크게 좌우된다. 또한 노면의 반사 특성은 도로가 설치된 이후로부터의 시간, 날씨의 변화, 주어진 구간 내에서의 교통량 등에 의한 노면 재질의 마모 상태에 따라서 복합적으로 변화한다. 그러므로 도로 조명의 설치에 있어서 노면 반사 특성의 측정은 매우 중요할 뿐만 아니라 국내 도로 조명 설비의 휘도 기준을 상정하는데 있어서도 매우 중요하다. 이에 따라서 일반적으로 국내에서 사용되는 4가지의 도로 포장 시료인 콘크리트 도로 샘플, SMA(Stone Matrix Asphalt), 투수성, 밀입도 도로 샘플을 취하여 그 특성을 파악하고 반사 특성에 대한 초기값을 측정하였으며 각 샘플들에 대한 재질의 마모 상태에 대하여 반사 특성의 변화를 각각 측정하였다. 또한 그 측정한 값들을 각각 분석하고 재질의 마모에 따른 평균 휘도 계수 Q0, 정반사 인자 S1, S2값의 변화를 그래프로 제시하였다.