• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.155-172
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• 2015

This study aimed to identify the effects of mothers' variables and present children's variables on subsequent childbirth plan and to explore predictors of subsequent childbirth plan for non-employed and employed mothers. The subjects were 1,635 mothers participating in the Panel Study on Korean Children from 2008 to 2010 and having no subsequent children until 2010 after giving birth to children in 2008. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and decision tree analysis. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, mothers' child-rearing stresses, child value, marital satisfaction, social support, present children's birth order and sex influenced mothers' subsequent childbirth plans, whereas mothers' average family income per month did not. Secondly, in the case of non-employed mothers, their present children's birth order and sex, and mothers' child value predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and female had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan, followed by mothers whose present children's birth order and sex was first and male, and child value was higher. Thirdly, in the case of employed mothers, their present children's birth order and mothers' marital satisfaction predicted their subsequent childbirth plan. Specifically, mothers whose present children' birth order was first and marital satisfaction was higher had the highest possibilities of subsequent childbirth plan. Finally, the study suggested the role of Home Economics Education in raising the rate of subsequent childbirth.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.510-515
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• 2017

It is important to speed up the loading time of web applications. Parsing is a loading process that contributes to an increased loading time. To address this issue, the optimization called Concurrent Parsing has been proposed which handles the parsing process in parallel by using additional threads. However, Concurrent Parsing has a limitation that it does not consider the priority order of parsing. In this paper, we propose heuristics that exploit priorities of parsing to improve the Concurrent Parsing. For parsing priority, we empirically investigate the sequence of function calls, classify functions into 3 categories, and extract function call probabilities. If a function has high call probability, we give a high priority and if a function has low probability, we give a low priority. We evaluate this priority heuristics on real web applications and get the 2.6% decrease of loading time on average.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

This study examines the changes and determinants of cash to assets ratios(cash ratios) by analyzing 14,016 Korean manufacturing firms sample for the period of $1999{\sim}2004$. The major findings can be summarized as follows. First, the average cash ratios for Korean manufacturing firms have increased from 4.7 percent of 1999 to 5.2 percent of 2004. In addition, the average cash holdings per firm also have increased from 4.3 billion Won to 8.0 billion Won during the same period. However, the capital expenditures relative to cash ratios or operating cash flow have decreased significantly, confirming the notion that physical investment of Korean manufacturing sector has been shrinking recently. Second, in regression tests with panel data, the coefficients of target adjustment variables show the expected negative signs, but coefficients of the deficit of fund variables show the unexpected positive signs. Thus, the evidence seems to be supportive of static tradeoff model of cash holdings. Third, in regression tests to find the determinants of cash ratios, most of the variables show similar results as the previous studies. However, in terms of adjusted coefficient of determination and F-statistic, the firm-characteristic variables suggested by static trade-off theory have more explanatory power than the variables suggested by pecking order theory.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.104-124
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• 1992

형제수, 출산순위, 출산터울, 모성의 출산시 연령 등 가족형성 양상은 아동의 신체적 발육 성장 및 지능발달과 강한 관련성을 보여 왔음이 세계 여러나라 아동을 대상으로 수행된 연구에서 보고되었다. 본 연구는 형제수와 출산순위, 그리고 출산시 모성의 연령은 아동의 신체적 지능적 발달과는 역상관관계를, 출산터울의 길이는 순상관관계를 나타낼 것이라는 가설을 증명하고자 1984년 한국중학생 1,2,3학년 약 46,000명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 지역별 그리고 사회경제적 상태별 비교를 위하여 서울시 고소득층이 주로 거주하는 학구내의 중학교와 저소득층이 거주하는 학구내 중학교 각각 5개를 선정하고 강원도내 전형적 농촌의 중학교 12개를 선정하여 신장, 체중, 좌고, 혈구용적 지능지수를 측정하였다. 이들 측정치들의 평균은 학부모와 담임선생님의 도움으로 작성된 가족형성 변수별로 비교되었으며 다중 희귀분석과 부분상관분석으로 연관성의 통계적 유의성을 검정하였다. 동일연령의 신체적 발육성장 지표들은 도시의 고소득지역 아동들이 가장 우수했으며 다음이 도시저소득 지역 아동이었고 농촌아동이 가장 빈약하였다. 남녀별 신체적 발육지표들의 차이는 연령이 많을수록 더 현저했으며 연령별 지역별 차이는 남학생에게서 더 두드러졌다. 평균 지능지수는 도시고소득지역 남학생들이 월등히 높아 114.8인데 비해 도시저소득지역 남학생들은 106.1, 그리고 농촌 남학생들은 105.3이었다. 남학생보다는 여학생의 지능지수가 낮았는데 이것은 대만 아동들도 여학생이 모든 연령에서 남학생보다 낮았다는 보고와 일치하였다. 한편 도시저소득지역과 농총지역 학생들은 남녀모두 평균지능지수가 비슷하였다. 가족형성변수들은 혼란변수들은 모든 제어했을 경우에도 아동들의 신체적 지능적 발달에 독립적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 발육지표중에 지능지수와 형제수가 가장 가족형성 변수들과의 연관성이 강했다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.423-423
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• 2021

국내에서는 '물손실(누수)을 얼마나 잘 관리하고 있는지' 평가하는 물손실관리 수행능 지표를 '유수율(누수율)' 로 판단하고 있다. 하지만, 유수율은 실제 관리자의 의지와 무관한 인자에 영향을 받을 수 있으며, 지역의 여건상 유수율이 높게 나올 수밖에 없는 지역이 있는가 하면 반대로 지역의 여건 상 유수율이 낮게 나올 수밖에 없는 지역이 있다. 따라서 유수율만을 이용하여 물손실관리 수행능력을 평가하는 지표로는 미흡함이 있는 것으로 판단될 뿐만 아니라 IWA에서는 전통적인 백분율을 이용한 지표(손실율, 유수율, 무수율 등)의 문제를 언급하면서 수자원의 효율적인 사용 혹은 상수도사업의 경제성을 나타내는 목적 외에는 사용하지 말아야 한다고 권고하였다. 현재까지의 연구를 보면, 국내 실정에 맞는 다양한 물손실관리 수행능 지표들이 언급되면서 이에 대한 적합성 및 적용성에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 기존의 연구들은 지자체 단위로 물손실관리 수행능 지표에 대한 연구를 진행하였다면, 본 연구에서는 소블럭 단위로 수도통계자료를 분석하여 물손실관리를 위한 어떠한 지표를 이용하는 것이 타당한 방법인지 제시하고자 하였다. 비교분석을 하기 위한 지표인 소블럭별 유수율, 실손실율(누수율), 1인당 실손실량, 급수전당 실손실량, 누수평가지표(ILI)를 산정하고, 그 결과에 따라 소블럭별 순위를 결정하였다. 유수율과 급수인구를 고려한 1인당 실손실량과의 비교분석에서 높은 R² (결정계수)값과 소블럭별 순위변동 폭이 적은 것으로 나타났으나, 유수율과 급수전수를 고려한 급수전당 실손실량 및 배수관의 연장과 급수전수, 평균압력을 고려한 누수평가지표와의 비교분석에서는 낮은 R²값과 소블럭별 순위 변동폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 앞서 언급한 것처럼, 유수율만을 이용하여 물손실관리 수행능을 설명하기에는 부족할 것으로 판단되며, 유수율 외에도 다양한 지표들을 종합적으로 고려했을 때 가장 바람직한 물손실관리 수행능 평가가 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.82-98
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the efficiency measurement way of Korean seaport by using Average Index Transformation model of fuzzy DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). Two inputs[cargo handling capacity, and berthing capacity], and outputs[cargo handling amount, and the number of ship calls] are used in 1995 and 2004 for 26 Korean seaports. Empirical main results are as follows: First, Tongyung, Gohyun, Okpo, and Sogcho Ports are efficient, and Yeasu Port shows the high efficiency level over 95% under input oriented CCR model. Gohyun and Sogcho Ports showed the most efficient score under average index transformation model. Okpo and Yeasu Ports increased their efficiency scores as the lamda(λ) values are up. The empirical results of fuzzy DEA average index transformation model for Wando, Yeasu, and Seoguipo ports showed that if the lamda values are higher, the efficiency scores are also higher. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that the management manager of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in Korea should introduce the fuzzy DEA average index transformation model for deciding the size of inputs including the port investment amount and evaluating the port efficiency.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2003

The Transport policies in Korea have been planned and implemented as a part of a larger economy policy based on the achievement of economic growth. As a result, previous transport policies have been focused mostly on the supply of transport infrastructure. The average annual economic growth of six percent and a twelve percent growth in motor vehicles until the late 90s led to the acceleration of the imbalance between the supply and demand of infrastructure. As such, there is a need to establish an innovative transportation policy in order to increase national competitiveness and provide momentum for national growth in the Twenty one century. This research has developed strategies and policies based on interviews that were carried out with specialists in transport field. Moreover, some transport policies have been established for the year 2020 through the conducting of a survey. The survey was conducted by interviewing respondents on making the priority of transport policies. which was then analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis with ranked voting data. The results are as follows. The most urgent matter was considered to be the development of a inter-modal transport system, followed by an integrated service system for public transport, and the need to increase the competitiveness of the transport and logistics industries and to further transport safety. Meanwhile, the provision of transportation for disabled people as well as the elderly was considered to be less important in Korea than in welfare nations. This stems from the belief as further attention needs to be paid to the construction of a public transport system, the establishment of transportation networks construction in preparation for reunification and the North-East Asian era, as well as the privatization of the transport infrastructure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

Variable speed limit(VSL) is a useful speed management tool for alleviating traffic congestion and enhancing traffic safety. The purpose of this study is to identify promising freeway segments for safety enhancement through VSL operations. An ordered probit model was adopted to capture factors affecting freeway crash severity that can be used to support decision making for selecting the promising segments. Pseudo elasticity and marginal effects, which are outcomes of the ordered probit analysis, were used to determine priority of promising segments for traffic safety. The results of this study would be useful in installing VSL systems and developing traffic control and operations strategies in practice.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 1994

We propose the nonparametric rank-like test for the location parameter in the bivariate changepoint model. Empirical powers between the parametric test and nonparametric test are compared. These results show that rank-like test is better than parametric method except bivariate normal null distribution. The point estimators for the changepoint are also compared by the empirical mean squared errors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2009

본 논문은 기존 PSO의 문제점으로 지적되는 Local minimum에의 고착을 해결하여 평균적인 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 기존에는 하나의 Best Value만을 향해서 이동하는 것에서 벗어나, 각 Particle들을 Cluster로 나누고 각각의 Best Value를 중심으로 이동하며, 각 Cluster Leader들은 다른 Cluster Leader와 통신하며 순위에 따라 이동한다. 제안 방법으로 수렴속도와 Local minimum 회피에 대해 실험을 통해 비교 분석한다. 실험 결과로부터 제안 방법이 Local minimum 회피에서 성능 향상이 있음을 고찰하였다.