• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2016

하천에 포함되는 각종 시설물을 설계하는데 있어 기준이 되는 하천설계기준에는 대부분 하천의 대표유속을 통해 시설물의 규모와 형태를 결정하는 공식이 제시되어 있다. 이러한 대표유속의 경우 대부분 평균유속을 사용하고 있으며 하천의 형태와 시설 등에 의한 영향으로 국부적으로 유속이 증가하는 경우 유속보정계수를 이용하여 평균유속을 보정하여 사용한다. 이러한 유속보정계수는 만곡, 세굴, 저수로 간섭, 근고공 및 수제공 등에 적용되며 본 연구에서는 하천의 곡률에 의한 유속보정계수를 수치모의를 통해 검증하고자 한다. 하도 중심의 곡률반경의 변화에 따른 평균 유속과 국부유속의 차이를 계산하고 기 제시된 보정계수 산정식과 비교하여 산정식의 활용성에 대한 검증을 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통해 유속보정계수의 중요성과 활용성을 제고하고 하천시설물의 설계 시에 평균유속이 아닌 보정된 대표유속을 활용한다면 하천시설물에 대한 안전성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.424-424
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• 2022

홍수기 유량측정시 안전성을 이유로 비접촉식인 전자파 표면유속계의 활용도가 증가하고 있다. 전자파 표면유속계는 기존의 수심에 따라 유속을 측정하는 방법과 달리 표면유속을 대표유속으로 측정하는 장비로 평균유속을 산정하기 위해서는 환산 보정계수를 산정하여 유속을 보정해야 한다. 국제표준화기구(ISO 748)에 따르면 표면유속 측정 시 보정계수는 0.84~0.90으로 권장하고 있으며 국내에서는 통상적으로 표면유속 측정시에는 0.85를 일괄 적용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초음파 유속계인 ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profile)로 측정된 평균유속 자료를 활용하여 전자파 표면유속계에서 측정된 표면유속 자료와 비교 검토하였고, 검토된 자료를 이용하여 대상지점의 수리특성을 반영한 보정계수를 산정하였다. 이러한 결과는 하천에서 전자파 표면유속계를 이용할 경우 평균유속 환산 보정계수를 산정하는데 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2016

Purpose Because of many advantages, PET-CT Scanners generally use CT Data for attenuation correction. By using CT based attenuation correction, we can get anatomical information, reduce scan time and make more accurate correction of attenuation. However in case metal artifact occurred during CT scan, CT-based attenuation correction can induce artifacts and quantitative errors that can affect the PET images. Therefore this study infers true SUV of metal artifact region from attenuation corrected image count -to- non attenuation corrected image count ratio. Materials and Methods Micro phantom inserted $^{18}F-FDG$ 4mCi was used for phantom test and Biograph mCT S(40) is used for medical test equipment. We generated metal artifact in micro phantom by using metal. Then we acquired both metal artifact region of correction factor and non metal artifact region of correction factor by using attenuation correction image count -to- non attenuation correction image count ratio. In case of clinical image, we reconstructed both attenuation corrected images and non attenuation corrected images of 10 normal patient($66{\pm}15age$) who examined PET-CT scan in SNUH. After that, we standardize several organs of correction factor by using attenuation corrected image count -to- non attenuation corrected count ratio. Then we figured out metal artifact region of correction factor by using metal artifact region of attenuation corrected image count -to- non attenuation corrected count ratio And we compared standard organs correction factor with metal artifact region correction factor. Results according to phantom test results, metal artifact induce overestimation of correction factor so metal artifact region of correction factors are 12% bigger than the non metal artifact region of correction factors. in case of clinical test, correction factor of organs with high CT number(>1000) is $8{\pm}0.5%$, correction factor of organs with CT number similar to soft tissue is $6{\pm}2%$ and correction factor of organs with low CT number(-100>) is $3{\pm}1%$. Also metal artifact correction factors are 20% bigger than soft tissue correction factors which didn't happened metal artifact. Conclusion metal artifact lead to overestimation of attenuation coefficient. because of that, SUV of metal artifact region is overestimated. Thus for more accurate quantitative evaluation, using attenuation correction image count -to-non attenuation correction image count ratio is one of the methods to reduce metal artifact affect.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1284-1288
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• 2010

부자의 보정계수를 결정하는 방법은 크게 다음과 같이 현행 방법과 WMO 제안 방법으로 구분할 수 있다. 현재 국내에서 적용하고 있는 방법으로 표면부자부터 4.0m부자까지 사용된 부자의 종류에 따라 사전에 정해진 보정계수를 적용한다. WMO에서 제안하고 있는 방법은 해당 하천의 수심과 사용된 부자 흘수(吃水)의 상대적 비로부터 산정되는 보정계수를 적용하는 방법이다. 본 연구는 국내 유량측정기술의 개선을 위한 선행연구로, '07~'08년의 국토해양부 부자 측정성과(86개 지점 788개 유량측정성과)를 현행 방법 및 WMO 제안 방법을 적용하여 산정된 유량을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, WMO 방법을 이용하여 산정된 유량은 각 측정성과별로 현행 방법을 적용하여 산정한 유량 대비 -7.69~+7.20%의 차이를 보였으며, 평균 1.57% 작게 산정되었다. 각 수계별로 한강은 -5.90~+2.55% 범위에서 평균 -2.11%, 낙동강은 -7.69~+7.20% 범위에서 평균 -2.45%, 금강은 -7.39~+7.03% 범위에서 평균 -0.52%, 영산강은 -6.50~+2.58% 범위에서 평균 -1.59% 로 산정되었다. 또한 각 성과에 대해 각 지점의 주요 인자들과의 상관성을 검토한 결과, 산정된 유량의 차이는 지점의 수심에 매우 큰 상관성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 저수심에서는 WMO 방법이 상대적으로 크게 산정되었으며, 고수심에서는 현행 방법을 적용하여 산정한 유량이 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 특히 약 8m 이상의 수심에서는 보다 큰 차이가 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 2011

The paper aims at developing a more reliable and accurate BWIM(Bridge Weigh-In-Motion) algorithm using measured strain data and examining its efficiency with various tests on bridges. It proposes a BWIM algorithm using density estimation function and average modification factor for moment-strain relationship. Density estimation function has been proved to be reliably applied when multiple axle loads are estimated. An average modification factor is applied to minimize overall error that can be encountered between theoretically computed moments and measured strains at multiple locations in a bridge. The developed algorithm has been successfully examined through numerical simulations, laboratory tests, and also by field tests on a multi-girder composite bridge.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.10-20
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• 2012

This study shows how to estimate AADT(Annual Average Daily Traffic) on temporary count data using new grouping method. This study deals with clustering permanent traffic counts using monthly adjustment factor, daily adjustment factor and a percentage of hourly volume. This study uses a percentage of hourly volume comparing with other studies. Cluster analysis is used and 5 groups is suitable. First, make average of monthly adjustment factor, average of daily adjustment factor, a percentage of hourly volume for each group. Next estimate AADT using 24 hour volume(not holiday) and two adjustment factors. Goodness of fit test is used to find what groups are applicable. MAPE(Mean Absolute Percentage Error) is 8.7% in this method. It is under 1.5% comparing with other method(using adjustment factors in same section). This method is better than other studies because it can apply all temporary counts data.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

This study was performed to make it possible to adjust milk production records which are changing with days in milk more accurately as developing new 305-day adjustment factors considering current circumstance and to offer easier application by converting adjustment factors to formulas. Total 4,264,347 records were used in this analysis after eliminating unusual value and data was classified by first parity and over second parity. Herd-year effects were classified with 2,878 and 19,783 classes in first parity and over second parity, respectively and number of subclass of age-calving season-lactation stage effects were 136 (age 2, calving season 4, lactation stage 17). For calculation of least square mean, SAS GLM was used and multiplicative adjustment factors were developed. The result of error analysis, deviations between means of adjusted yields and cumulated yields were the lowest in new adjustment factor which was developed in this study comparing with other adjustment factors which were developed in the past (94', 02') in first parity and in over second parity, results of adjustment factors which were developed in 2002 and this study were similar. For easier application, formulas of 305-day adjustment factors were developed using SAS NLIN.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.837-844
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• 2017

Generally, V/C ratio in uninterrupted traffic flow and average travel speed in interrupted traffic flow are utilized as measure of effect for assessing operational situation of roads. The set of road conditions and traffic conditions are considered to be major variables for assessing operational situation in the traffic flow. However, weather conditions such as rainfall also affect the operational situation of roads. The studies reflected by the rainy situation are conducted in the uninterrupted flow, but the related studies are insufficient in the interrupted flow. In this study, the modification factors during rainfall in the interrupted flow were suggested, and the factors could be used when calculating the average travel speed during rainfall in the interrupted flow. By utilizing the data that were investigated in the same road and traffic conditions and the different weather conditions (rainy day or clear day), the modification factors were founded on regression analysis of the travel speed during rainfall as a dependent variable. Modification factors was suggested in dividing peak time, non-peak time, and whole period. Based on this study, the modification factors can be used to complementing the average travel speed model for assessing the operational situation of urban streets during rainfall.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.238-249
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• 2019

The evapotranspiration is estimated based on weather factors such as temperature, wind speed and humidity, and the Hargreaves equation is a simple equation for calculating evapotranspiration using temperature data. However, the Hargreaves equation tends to be underestimated in areas with wind speeds above 3 m s^-1 and overestimated in areas with high relative humidity. The study was conducted to determine Hargreaves equation coefficient in 82 regions in Korea by comparing evapotranspiration determined by modified Hargreaves equation and the Penman-Monteith equation for the time period of 2008~2018. The modified Hargreaves coefficients for 50 inland areas were estimated to be 0.00173~0.00232(average 0.00196), which is similar to or lower than the default value 0.0023. On the other hand, there are 32 coastal areas, and the modified coefficients ranged from 0.00185 to 0.00303(average 0.00234). The east coastal area was estimated to be similar to or higher than the default value, while the west and south coastal areas showed large deviations by area. As results of estimating the evapotranspiration by the modified Hargreaves coefficient, root mean square error(RMSE) is reduced from 0.634~1.394(average 0.857) to 0.466~1.328(average 0.701), and Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient(NSC) increased from -0.159~0.837(average 0.647) to -0.053~0.910(average 0.755) compared with original Hargreaves equation. Therefore, we confirmed that the Hargreaves equation can be overestimated or underestimated compared to the Penman-Monteith equation, and expected that it will be able to calculate the high accuracy evapotranspiration using the modified Hargreaves equation. This study will contribute to water resources planning, irrigation schedule, and environmental management.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2003

Purpose : $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan can be used in the evaluation of relative renal function and some anatomy. The relative renal function can be assess by measurement of $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ uptake by the individual kidney. Renal counts