• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 1999

The flow characteristics around KRISO 300K VLCC double-body model have been experimentally investigated in a closed-type subsonic wind tunnel. The local mean velocity and turbulence statistics including turbulent intensity. Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy were measured using a x-type hot-wire probe. The measurements were carried out at several transverse stations of the stern and near wake regions. The surface flow was visualized using on oil-film technique to see the flow pattern qualitatively. The flow in the stern and near wake region revealed complicated three-dimensional flow characteristics. The VLCC model shows a hook-shaped wake structure behind the propeller boss in the main longitudinal vortex region. The thin boundary layer at midship was increased gradually in thickness over the stern and evolved into a full three-dimensional turbulent wake.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2423-2430
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• 1994

Several factors of the efficient combustion process are shape of combustion chamber, position of spark plug, turbulence flow and so on. the shape of combustion chamber and position of spark plug are constrained to geometrically, and then it could not make a change the shape easily. But the turlence flow in combustion chamber have a great influence on combustion phenomena, and which is much easier to control relatively. And since characteristics of turbulence flow would be very important to the stability of combustion and performances, This study is also essential to future engine-low emission and lean burn engine. This paper shows that the visualization of the turbulence flow of single cylinder engine by using 2way, $45^{\circ}$ inclined and 2 channel hot wire probe through the park plug hole. We also study the characteristics of turbulence flow by means of ensemble averaged mean velocity, turvulence intensity and integral length scale.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2013

In this paper, used by the boundary layer wind tunnel test, have conducted a series of wind tunnel experiments, i.e. test the mean velocity profile regarding the surface roughness, turbulence intensity and power spectrum measured by augmentation device. After that, to provide data relevant for the preliminary design step of tall building hazard fluctuating wind loads may be obtained fluctuating pressure coefficients, fluctuating pressure spectrum, autocorrelation coefficients by the boundary layer wind tunnel test. From the results of experiments, this study can be obtained conclusions as follows. 1. We know the fact that the mean velocity profile and the turbulence intensity are well fitted natural wind flow in the boundary layer wind tunnel. 2. The satisfactory agreement of velocity spectrum can be obtained from the compare of fluctuating power spectrum and Von Karman spectrum. 3. We know the fact that the fluctuating pressure spectrums distributed peak at 0.01 Hz-0.1 Hz in the windward surfaces and at 0.1 Hz in the leeward surfaces. 4. We know the fact that the autocorrelation coefficients distributed stationary random processes with application time of hazard fluctuating wind loads.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2016

하천시설물 설계, 시공 및 관리에 있어서 바닥전단응력은 매우 중요하다. 예를 들어, 호안 등 시설물의 허용 소류력을 계산하거나, 하천의 유사량을 예측하는 데 있어서 바닥전단응력이 기준으로 쓰인다. 정상 등류의 경우, 수로 내 수체에 작용하는 중력과 수로 바닥 및 측면에 작용하는 마찰력의 평형을 고려함으로써 바닥전단응력을 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 식생을 제외한 아크릴수로에서의 전단판의 움직임을 이용한 바닥전단응력 측정장치를 설계, 교정 및 검증을 실시하였다. 이 전단판은 수체와 바닥면에서 발생하는 마찰력에 의해 변위가 발생하고 이 변위를 바닥전단 응력으로 산정하였다. 직접 측정한 바닥전단응력은 기존에 연구된 두 가지 방법과 비교하여 검증하였다. 비교 검증을 위한 실험은 폭 0.3 m, 길이 10 m인 고속수로에서 Froude수 1이상, Reynolds수 20000이상의 사류이면서 난류인 상태로 실험을 진행하였으며 유속은 PIV을 이용하여 측정하였다. 비교 검증을 위한 첫 번째방법은 Reach-avrage공식을 기초로 manning의 평균 유속 공식을 이용한 바닥전단응력을 산정하는 방법으로 일반적으로 간단한 경험식을 이용하여 바닥 전단응력을 산정하는 방법이다, 두 번째는 Reynolds stress를 산정하는 방법으로 PIV를 통해 흐름방향의 연직프로파일의 유속을 측정 한 후 레이놀즈 분해법에 의해 산정된 난류 강도를 측정하여 Reynolds stress를 산정한 후 Shear stress를 산정하는 방법을 사용하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 가로 0.14 m, 세로 0.14 m의 전단판으로 구성된 바닥전단응력 측정장치를 개발하여 실험을 진행하면서 앞에서 언급한 두가지 방법을 측정하는 동시에 장치를 이용하여 바닥전단응력을 직접측정하여 총 3가지 바닥전단응력을 비교하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2016

점착성 유사는 응집현상을 통해 크기와 밀도를 바꾸고 이에 따라 부유 및 이동에 큰 영향을 미치는 침강속도가 지속적으로 변화한다. 따라서 점착성 유사의 거동을 이해하기 위해서는 응집현상에 대한 고려가 필수적으로 이루어져야 한다. 현재까지 이루어진 응집현상 모형은 크게 Population balance equation type 모형(PBE)과 Floc growth type 모형(FGM)으로 나뉜다. PBE 모형은 점착성 유사의 입도분포를 모의할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면에 닫힌 계에서 질량보존을 만족시키지 못하는 단점을 가진다. FGM 모형은 간단한 식을 통해 질량보존을 만족시키고 수치적으로 효율적인 모의를 할 수 있는 반면 입도분포를 모의할 수 없는 단점을 가진다. 이러한 장단점으로 인해 PBE 모형은 유사이동모형과 결합되어 이용된 사례가 없으며 FGM 모형은 유사이동모형과 결합되어 평균적인 점착성 유사의 거동만을 모의하는 연구에 이용되었다. 본 연구에서는 Stochastic floc growth type 모형(SFGM)의 개발에 따라 이해할 수 있는 점착성 유사이동의 특성과 이를 유사이동 모형과 결합시키는 방향에 대해 검토한다. 현재까지 진행된 연구 결과를 분석하면 SFGM은 질량보존을 만족시키면서도 점착성 유사의 입도분포를 모의할 수 있는 장점을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 난수발생의 단계에서 적절한 확률분포형을 선정하고 확률매개변수의 보정이 이루어지는 경우에는 높은 정확도를 가지는 입도분포 모의가 가능하다. 가는 모래를 대상으로 하는 비점착성 유사의 경우에는 추계학적인 유사이동 모형의 개발이 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 개발된 모형은 실제 측정값에 적용되어 다양한 학술적 가능성을 보여왔다. 따라서 SFGM의 개발이 점착성 유사의 이동모형과 결합되는 경우에는 점착성 유사가 지배적인 다양한 환경에서의 거동 특성을 이해할 때 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 응집모형은 난류의 강도에 지배적인 영향을 받으며 유사의 입경 및 밀도 변화를 계산한다는 점을 고려할 때 유사이동 모형 역시 난류 강도에 대한 정보를 계산할 수 있는 지배방정식을 필요로 한다. 향후 개발될 추계학적 점착성 유사의 이동모형은 난류에 대한 정보, SFGM의 결합 등을 필요조건으로 가진다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.795-803
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• 2015

The boundary layer developing over the suction surface of a first-stage turbine blade for power generation has been investigated in this study. For three locations selected in the region where local thermal load changes dramatically, mean velocity, turbulence intensity, and one-dimensional energy spectrum are measured with a hot-wire anemometer. The results show that the suction-surface boundary layer suffers a transition from a laminar flow to a turbulent one. This transition is confirmed to be a "separated-flow transition", which usually occurs in the shear layer over a separation bubble. The local minimum thermal load on the suction surface is found at the initiation point of the transition, whereas the local maximum thermal load is observed at the location of very high near-wall turbulence intensity after the transition process. Frequency characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy before and after the transition are understood clearly from the energy spectrum data.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6B
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• pp.643-651
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• 2008

In the present paper, turbulent open-channel flows over longitudinal bedforms are numerically simulated. The Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes equations in curvilinear coordinates are solved with the non-linear $k-{\varepsilon}$ model by Speziale( 1987). First, the developed model is applied to rectangular open channel flows for purposes of model validation and parameter sensitivity studies. It is found that the parameters $C_D$ and $C_E$ are important to the intensity of secondary currents and the level of turbulent anisotropy, respectively. It is found that the non-linear $k-{\varepsilon}$ model can hardly reproduce the turbulence anisotropy near the free surface. However, the overall pattern of the secondary currents by the present model is seen to coincide with measured data. Then, numerical simulations of turbulent flows over longitudinal bedforms are performed, and the simulated results are compared with the experimental data in the literature. The simulated secondary currents clearly show upflows and downflows over the ridges and troughs, respectively. The numerical results of secondary currents, streamwise mean velocity, and turbulence structures compare favorably with the measured data. However, it is observed that the secondary currents towards the troughs were significantly weak compared with the measured data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2009

An injector plays an important role in the process of an efficient combustion in liquid-rocket engines (LRE). This paper is focused on the injection performance of a small LRE-injector by employing the spray characteristic parameters made up of the velocity, Sauter mean diameter, and turbulence intensity. An experimental investigation is carried out with the aid of a dual-mode phase Doppler anemometry (DPDA) according to the injection pressure variation and along transverse axis, spatially. The Weber number and Reynolds number are used to characterize the atomization and turbulence nature of injector spray.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.912-919
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• 1994

The engine combustion is one of the most important processes affecting performance and emissions. One effective way to improve the engine combustion is to control the motion of the charge inside a cylinder by means of optimum induction system design, because the flame speed is mainly determined by the turbulence at compression(TDC) process in S.I. engine. It is believed that the tumble and swirl motion generated during intake stroke breaks down into small-scale turbulence in the compression stroke of the cycle. However, the exact nature of this relationship is not well known. This paper describes the tumble flow measurements inside the cylinder of a 4-valve S.I. engine using laser Doppler velocimetry(LDV) under motoring(non-firing) conditions. This is conducted on an optically assesed single cylinder research engine under motored conditions at an engine speed of 1000rpm. Three different cylinder head intake port configurations are studied to develop a better understanding the tumble flow generation, development, and breakdown mechanisms.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 1994

Characteristics of the vortex structure and the secondary scour at downstream part of the hydraulic structure such as drainage sluice or spillway ere studied. Mean shear velocity in the scour hole could be derived by the theory of energy conservation and the amount of a vortex erosion could be obtained using entrainment equation for given value of a shear velocity. Comparison of erosion rates with others showed a large value at low shear velocity due to the continuous and strong upward flow of the macroturbulence different from the conventional vortex formed in the lee-side of a sand ripple. For a design purpose, if the flow depth at the end of an apron and the properties of bed material are given, the amount of vortex erosion can be known.