• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2000

Environmental pressures from such sources an economic condition, the government and inter-institutional competition create managerial challenges. Economic pressures may be forcing dietetic dept, in hospital to utilize cost∙benefit analysis to assist them in their problem solving. Cost∙benefit analysis have been widely used in business, industry and many other fields with only limited application to foodservice. Due to the lack or this information the purposes of this study were to identify use of cost∙benefit analysis in hospital foodservice system to evaluate the economic efficiency of alternatives, and to make recommendation for operation system change. Using the cost∙benefit method, cash flows are separated into cost and benefits. For an alternative to be selected, indicators, such as NPV, benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) with 5% discount rate per annum. The sensitivity analysis was also conducted with difference rate 3%, 7% respectively and reduced employee payroll change. The result of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. The total cost of investment for operation system change was 390,570 thousand won and the total benefit through operation system change was 865,808 thousand won. 2. Net present value(NPV) for 5 years was 475,239 thousand won and benefit-cost ratio was 2.22. 3. In sensitivity analysis with different discount rate 3%, 7%, benefit-cost ratio was 2.25, 2.18 respectively, with total reduced employee payroll change, benefit-cost ratio was 2.86. In conclusion, total benefits were exceeded total costs. Therefore, the project of operation system change in hospital foodservice was found to be economically efficient.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.717-727
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• 2015

Although the NutriPlus program has shown considerable evidence of enhancing users' nutritional status, the budget does not cover all eligible mothers and children. This study aimed to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the NutriPlus program to assess its economic efficiency. 53 families with 79 users in the NutriPlus program at Daejeon Dong-gu Health Center participated in this study with informed consent. The costs and benefits were estimated from both the administrator's and users' perspectives. We converted the time cost into Korean currency based on the minimum wage in 2014. The value of nutrition education and service (B2), estimated by contingency valuation method (CVM), was counted as an economic benefit. 6 families (11.3%) were recipients of national medical care and 22 families (41.5%) paid 10% of the food package cost by themselves. The total cost was \7,450,167 and the total benefit was \12,402,239. The budget for the health center (C1+C2+C3+C4) was \5,984,381 a month. Time and transportation cost for receiving nutrition education (C6) differed significantly according to the economic status of families. Household food consumption increase (C4-B4) was 40,379 in the poverty group, which was four times more than in the other groups. The net benefit (B-C) was \4,852,172 and the B/C ratio was 1.66. Therefore, the NutriPlus program is beneficial in the economic aspect as well as in the nutritional aspect. If the enhancement of nutritional status was also considered, the total benefit would be even higher. These results confirm the legitimacy of a secure budget for the NutriPlus program. And we suggest expanding its budget to cover more eligible individuals to improve people's health and welfare.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2007

As the VoIP service quality is getting better and many shortcomings are being overcome, users are getting interested in this service. Also, there are several additional features that provide a convenience to users such as presence service, instant messaging service and so on. But, as there are always two sides of rein, some security issues have users hesitate to make use of it. This paper deals with one of the issues, the VoIP spam problem. We took into account the signal pattern of voice message in spam call and we have constructed voice signal models of normal call, normal call with noise and spam call. Each voice signal case is inserted into our spam decision algorithm which detects the spam calls based on the amount of information in the call signal. We made use of the DEVS-$Java^{TM}$ for our modeling and simulation. The contribution of this work is in suggestion of a way to detect voice spam call signal and testing of the method using modeling and simulation methodology.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.3-54
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• 1999

1997년의 경제위기는 근본적으로 많은 차입금에도 불구하고 장기간에 걸쳐 낮은 수익성을 보인 기업들이 불황에 직면하여 도산위험이 급증함으로써 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 그러면, 기업들의 수익성은 왜 이렇게 낮은 것일까? 본 연구는 지배대주주와 소액주주간의 갈등이 기업의 수익성을 저하시킨 한 원인으로 작용했다는 가설을 실증적으로 규명하고자 한다. 우리나라 기업들, 특히 기업집단의 경우 지배대주주의 개인소유지분은 높지 않지만 기업경영에 대한 통제력은 매우 강하다. 기업경영에 대한 감시와 책임경영이 확립되지 않는 경제에서 지배대주주가 기업자산을 개인적 이익에 따라 운영하는 경우 편익은 독점하지만 이에 따른 수익성 하락 등의 비용은 다른 주주와 소유 지분율에 따라 공유하게 되므로 사적이익을 추구할 유인이 크다. 본 연구는 1992년부터 1997년까지의 공기업 및 금융기관을 제외한 외부감사대상기업의 재무자료를 기초로 영업이익률, 경상이익률, 그리고 순이익률이 주주간의 이해상충에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받았는가를 분석하였다. 수익성 분석에 있어 상장여부, 자산운영(관계회사 및 비관계회사에 대한 투자), 재벌소속 여부, 기업규모, 재무구조 그리고 산업적 특성 및 기업의 경영 및 사업 전략적 특성을 제어하였다. 다른 조건이 동일하다고 가정하면 상장된 기업의 수익성은 비상장기업보다 낮다. 상장기업의 경우는 대주주의 소유지분이 낮은 반면에 외부주주의 비중이 높기 때문에 대주주가 개인의 이익을 추구하고자 하는 유인이 강하게 작용한 결과로 판단된다. 또한 재벌에 소독된 기업의 수익성은 독립기업들의 수익성보다 낮을 뿐만 아니라 계열회사의 유가증권 및 대여금 등에 대한 투자가 증가할수록 기업의 경상이익률 및 순이익률이 낮아진다. 반면에 비관계회사에 대한 투자자산은 경상이익률 및 순이익률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 재벌에 소속된 상장회사가 관계회사에 투자하는 경우는 투자기업의 수익성이 더욱 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 관계회사에 대한 투자는 수익성에 기초한 투자가 아니며 대주주의 지분이 낮은 상장기업에서 소액주주의 이익에 반하여 계열사에 대한 투자형태로 자원이 이전되고 있음을 시사한다. 본 논문의 분석 결과는 외부주주와 내부주주간의 이해상충이 기업의 수익성을 저하시킨다는 가설과 일관된다. 따라서 대주주가 개인적 이익을 추구하고자 하는 유인을 견제하고 소액주주의 권리를 강화하도록 지배구조를 확립해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.937-957
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• 2017

Urban roads are not only congested with vehicles and pedestrians, but also have many pipelines buried to provide convenience for inhabitants. In addition, urban inhabitants live comfortably in buildings adjacent to the road for residence, business, commerce, rest and so on. Therefore, despite the high cost of land, urban underground buildings with high land use efficiency are constantly being built. Recently, the construction of underground buildings has caused social problems such as the collapse of surrounding roads and adjacent buildings. Institutional improvement is being actively carried out to improve this. In this study, a new type of MSRC diaphragm wall was developed and a study on the construction method of underground building was carried out. It is intended to secure the underground excavation safety of underground buildings in urban areas and effectively prevent land subsidence complaints. Also, a reasonable design method of MSRC diaphragm walls using the ultimate strength design method is presented through the flexural performance Experiment.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.385-396
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in Kenge, Kwango District, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) from 2014 to 2016. Methods: The economic efficiency of a nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age who have recovered from malnutrition status was evaluated using a cost-benefit analysis. The costs were analyzed according to the executed budget incurred during the project period. The benefits were estimated as the monetary value of the saved lives of children under 5 years of age. The economic efficiency of the program was determined by the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The BCR was calculated by dividing the total discounted benefit by the total discounted costs. The project is economically efficient when the BCR is greater than 1. Results: The costs of the nutrition management program were calculated as 1,677,609,648 Korean Won (KRW). A total of 2,466 children survived with improved malnutrition status through this program. The benefit for the reduction of mortality for children under 5 years of age was estimated to be 6,814,354,467 KRW, the estimated value of life for 2,466 children. The BCR was 4.06. Conclusions: The nutrition management program for children under 5 years of age in DR Congo was found to be a cost-effective project. Successful and efficient Official Development Assistance (ODA) for a health project requires integrated and comprehensive strategies and specialized international development consulting to improve efficiency. Future nutrition management programs should take into account the national health program to maintain the sustainability of the project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.287-289
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• 2015

최근 기후변화로 인하여 태풍 및 집중호우로 인한 극한 강우사상의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있으며, 급격한 도시화로 인한 유역 내 불 투수 면적이 늘어나고 있다. 이로 인해 재산피해가 증가하고 있어 기후 변화를 고려한 미래 하천범람 등 홍수피해를 경감시키기 위한 홍수저감 대안 선정이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기후변화를 고려하여 목표기간별로(기준년도 : 1971~2010년, 목표기간 I : 2011~2040년, 목표기간 II : 2041~2070년, 목표기간 III : 2071~2100년) HEC-HMS모형을 이용하여 기후변화에 따른 홍수량을 산정하였다. 또한, 배수펌프(A~E)와 저류지(A~E)를 홍수저감 대안으로 설정하여 HEC-RAS모형을 통해 대안별 홍수위를 산정하였다. 지형자료 및 홍수위를 이용하여 홍수범람도를 도시하였으며, 다차원 홍수피해액산정법(Multi dimension - Flood Damage Analysis, MD-FDA)을 이용하여 홍수피해 저감을 위한 대안별 경제성분석을 실시하였다. 홍수저감효과를 분석한 결과 배수펌프를 설치했을 경우 홍수위는 최소0.06m, 최대0.44m 감소하였고, 저류지는 최소0.01m, 최대1.86m 감소하였으며, 침수면적은 최소 0.3%, 최대 32.64% 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 경제성분석을 실시하여 대안별 편익 비용비를 비교한 결과 목표기간I에서는 저류지 E, 목표기간II, 목표기간III에서는 배수펌프D가 기후변화를 적응을 위해 타당한 홍수저감 대안으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.287-313
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• 2008

Even though the pre-feasibility study was introduced in 1998, it mainly has focused on transportation social overhead capital(SOC) such as road and railroad. Last year, however, the government newly launched R&D project area for the pre-feasibility study. This paper tries to analyze the pre-feasibility study methodology and system that applied to R&D facility, cluster, and sized R&D infrastructure projects. In depth study of economic, policy, and AHP analysis, this paper shows that the preliminary feasibility study have some caveats and suggests a way of improvement for making up for limitation. Main suggestions are as follows; First, to improve the fit in R&D sector analysis, using consistent method is important. Second, technology analysis is essential for R&D evaluation. Third, technology experts should take part in AHP analysis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.484-494
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• 2000

Objective : To evaluate the relative benefits and the costs associated with the introduction of the new pharmaceutical provision called 'Mandatory Prescription System' which separates the role of physicians from that of pharmacists with respect to the prescription and dispensation of from the perspective of consumers (i.e., patients). Methods : The costs of the system were measured by considering both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs included additional payments for ambulatory care and dispensing fees that occurred under the new system. indirect costs consisted of transportation expenses and costs related to time spent for physician consultation, waiting for the prescriptions to be filled, and extra traveling. Benefits identified in this study were the reduction of drug misuse and overuse, and the overall decrease in drug consumption among the Korean population. Sensitivity analysis was peformed for the inclusion of benefits for outpatients of hospitals, price elasticity, and increased fees for established patients. Results : The net benefit was estimated to be about minus 1,862 billion won and the benefit-cost ratio was 0.478. This indicates that the costs of 'Mandatory Prescription' outweigh its benefits, relative to the previous system. The sensitivity analysis results for all the variables considered in this study consistently showed the benefit-cost ratio to be less than 1. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that implementing Mandatory Prescription System in Korea might be inefficient from the consumer's perspective. The results of this study do not coincide with the results of previous studies, presumably because of the differences in study design and in which items of costs and benefits were considered.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.438-438
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• 2018

최근 여름철 강우로 인한 도시시설과 공공시설의 피해가 급증화되고 대형화 되면서 이에 대한 피해를 최소화하여 피해를 최대한 줄이는 객관적인 판단이 필요하다. 특히, 하천정비계획지구의 경우에는 치수사업의 타당성을 판단할 수 있는 경제성분석이 중요하다. 치수사업의 경제성분석 방법을 연구할 수 있는 방법으로는 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법((Multi-Dimension Flood Damage Assessment; MD-FDA)이 치수사업의 경제성 분석을 계량 평가하는 방법으로 주로 사용되고 있다. 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법은 홍수피해 유형과 토지이용을 고려한 침수피해액 산정이 가능한 경제성 분석 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 SG정비계획지구 13개소(축제 및 확폭지구 4개소, 보축 및 하도준설지구 9개소)에 대해 다차원 홍수피해 산정방법을 이용하여 치수경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 치수경제성 분석을 위해 해당지역의 주거지역, 농업지역, 산업지역의 대상자산을 분석하여 자산가치를 분석하고 빈도별 홍수량에 대응하는 침수심과 침수편입율을 추정하여 침수지역의 자산액을 조사하였다. 조사된 자료를 활용하여 사업 시행전후에 대한 직접피해액을 자산피해와 인명피해로 구분하여 치수경제성 대상지구의 홍수규모별 예상피해액을 산정하였다. 그리고 피해액을 근거로 하여 비용편익비(B/C)를 활용하여 최종적인 치수경제성 분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과, 대상지구 3개 지구에서 B/C가 1이상의 값을 가져 사업의 경제성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 활용하여 B/C가 1이하인 계획지구에 대해서도 치수사업의 일관성 및 지역주민의 안정된 생활보장을 위해 지속적인 사업의 시행이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.