• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1995-2001
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• 2001

In this study, a small punch creep(SP-Creep) test using miniaturized specimen(10${\times}$10${\times}$0.5mm) is described to develop the new creep test method for high temperature structural materials. The SP-Creep test is applied to 2.25Cr-lMo(STBA24) steel which is widely used as boiler tube material. The test temperatures applied for the creep deformation of miniaturized specimens are between 550∼600$^{\circ}C$. The SP-Creep curves depend definitely on applied load and creep temperature, and show the three stages of creep behavior like in conventional uniaxial tensile creep curves. The load exponent of miniaturized specimen decreases with increasing test temperature, and its behavior is similar to stress exponent behavior of uniaxial creep test. The creep activation energy obtained from the relationship between SP-Creep rate and test temperature decreases as the applied load increases. A predicting equation or SP-Creep rate for 2.25Cr-lMo steel is suggested. and a good agreement between experimental and calculated data has been found.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2011

Type-3 용기 라이너는 두께가 5 mm일뿐 아니라 곡률을 가지고 있기 때문에 파괴인성시험을 위한 표준형 시편의 제작에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 용기 라이너의 파괴인성을 평가하기 위해서는 소형시편 시험기법이 도입되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 용기 라이너의 파괴인성을 평가하기 위해 소형펀치(small punch, SP)시험법을 도입하였다. SP시험으로부터 측정된 하중-변위 곡선 결과에서 라이너 재료는 연성이 소진하여 막신장 영역에서 파손되었다. 라이너 재료는 제작공정 특성에 기인하여 소성변형량이 방향에 따라 다름에도 불구하고 등방성 파괴양상을 보였다. SP시험 데이터를 사용하여 파괴인성을 평가한 결과 $J_{Ic}=13.0kJ/m^2$ 이었다. 이 값은 동종재료의 파괴인성 값과 유사하다. 따라서 SP시험 데이터를 사용하여 평가한 파괴인성은 타당하며, 완성된 용기 라이너는 유효한 파괴인성 값을 유지하는 것으로 확인 되었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.99-104
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• 2000

This paper describes the high temperature creep characteristics for virgin material of 9Cr1MoVNb steel using small punch creep(SP-Creep) test technique which is developing recently. In addition, the several results of SP-Creep test are compared with that of 2.25Cr- 1Mo steel which is widely used as boiler materials and that of conventional uniaxial creep test. The obtained SP-Creep curves show the creep behaviors of three regimes like that obtained from conventional uniaxial creep test, and SP-Creep properties are definitely depended on applied load and test temperature. The correlation of SP-Creep rate and creep rupture life with applied load has been determined like the correlation between creep rate/rupture life and stress in uniaxial creep test, and also is satisfied with Power law. The creep rupture times of newly 9Cr1MoVNb steel are higher than those of 2.25Cr1Mo steel at the same creep temperature and applied loading condition, and the decrease extent of creep rupture life with loads is very lower compared with 2.25Cr1Mo steel.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2001

Deep drawing process, one of sheet metal forming methods, is very useful in the industrial field because of its efficiency The deep drawing is affected by many process variables, such as blank shapes, shape radii of the punch and die, formability of materials and so on. Especially, blank shape is very important formability factor. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of blank shape, we suggested three kinds of blank shapes and examined friction test about three conditions. We measured punch load distribution according to punch stroke under the conditions of each punch and die shape radii and observed punch load of elliptical cup forming.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.385-388
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• 2000

During the deep drawing process an initially flat blank is clamped between the die and the blank holder after which the punch moves down to deform the clamped blank into the desired shape. In general, sheet metal forming may involve stretching, drawing, bending or various combinations of those basic modes of deformation. The deformation problems of sheet metal working involve non-linearity in geometry and material. In this work, The punch load and thickness strain of electro-galvanized sheet steel (SECD) for elliptical deep drawing are examined under the various process conditions including, punch shape radius, die shape radius. The changes of punch load and thickness strain distribution of the deformed elliptical cup are affected by the size of each die shape radius.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2000

Numerical simulation of sheet metal forming for panels as other components has wide acceptance in the automotive industry. Therefore this paper was focused in the drawability factors (which are friction coefficient , radius of die and punch ) on the square cup deep drawing by the explicit finite elements code $PAM-STAMP^{TM}$. The computed results are compared with the experimental results to show the validity of the analysis. In order to compare the simulation results with the experiment results and predict the effect of drawability factors, the relationships between punch load punch stroke, and the relationships between thickness strain and distance are used. According to this study, the results of simulation by using $PAM-STAMP^{TM}$ will give engineers good information to access the drawability of square drawing.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1008-1011
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• 2005

It is necessary for the design of lead frame punches in blanking to consider buckling because inner lead pitch of lead frame has been narrowed by miniaturization and high accumulation of semiconductor. In addition, if process variables change in press stamping process, the lift of punches is no longer influenced in wear and punches can be broken suddenly. To prevent the fracture of fine pitch lead frame punches, having considered applying reinforcement to it, this paper verified the design with buckling analysis. This study presents the optimal position and number of reinforcement to be attached to punches. Finally this study presents design rules of attaching reinforcement.

• Composites Research
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

방전가공은 공구와 공작물 사이의 얇은 간극에 전류를 방전시켜 금속을 가공하는 방법이다. 방전 와이어 가공은 전도성 와이어를 사용하는 방전가공의 특수한 예로서, 펀치나 금형제조에 널리 이용되고 있다. 와이어 방전가공에서 와이어는 와이어 가이드 및 외팔보로서 지지되어 있다. 최근 생산성의 증가추세와 더불어 와이어의 이송속도가 증가함에 따라 외팔보의 진동 등으로 인한 기계 정밀도의 저하가 우려된다. 본 논문에서는 정, 동특성이 우수한 방전가공기용 복합재료 외팔보를 설계, 제작하였다. 끼워맞춤길이와 보강 적층수의 변화에 따른 정, 동특성의 변화를 살펴보기 위하여 시편을 제작하여 하중실험을 수행하였다. 또한 유한요소 해석을 수행하여 하중실험의 결과와 상호 비교하였다. 시편실험의 결과로부터 방전가공기용 복합재료 외팔보를 설계, 제작하여 기존의 금속 외팔보와 그 성능을 상호 비교하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2001

During the deep drawing process an initially flat blank is clamped between the die and the blank holder after which the punch moves down to deform the clamped blank into the desired shape. In general, sheet metal forming may involve stretching, drawing, bending or various combinations of those basic modes of deformation. The deformation problems of sheet metal working involve non-linearity in geometry and material. In this work, The punch load and thickness strain of electro-galvanized sheet steel (SECD) for elliptical deep drawing are examined under the various process conditions including, punch shape radius, die shape radius. The changes of punch load and thickness strain distribution of the deformed elliptical cup are affected by the size of each die shape radius.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

The lead frame manufactured by stamping process plays an important role in connecting semiconductor to PCB board. As a result of the miniaturization of semiconductor, its corresponding lead frame punch has been narrow. In case of the punch with high slenderness ratio such as lead frame punch, the punch can be broken suddenly due to buckling. To prevent the fracture of lead frame punch, some manufacturers have experientially attached stiffeners to weak parts of punch. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to suggest the guideline far design of stiffened punch. The optimal position and the number of stiffeners to be attached to punch are investigated by elastic buckling analysis. The elastic buckling analysis consists of the eigenvalue buckling analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis. The critical buckling load of elastic buckling analysis is compared with that of buckling test. Finally, the guideline far attaching stiffeners is suggested through analysis of cross section of lead frame punch such as moment of inertia and eccentricity.