• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1993

A method and results of computations are presented for the 2-D seismic migration process in the frequency-wavenumber domain for the laterally and vertically inhomogeneous medium. In order to take the intrinsic attenuation effect into account in the migration process the complex-valued wave velocity is used in the wavefield extrapolation operator, improving the generalized frequency-wavenumber migration technique. The imaginary part of the complex-valued wave velocity includes the seismic quality factor Q value. In derivation of the solution of the wave equation for the medium of inhomogeneous wave velocity and anelasticity, the inhomogeneous medium is mathematically converted to an equivalent system which consists of a homogeneous medium of averaged slowness and an inhomogeneous distribution of hypothetical wave source. The strength of the hypothetical wave source depends on the deviation of squared slowness from the averaged value of the medium. Results of numerical computation using the technique show more distinct geologic images than those using the convensional generalized frequency-wavenumber migration. Especially, the obscured images due to the wave attenuation by anelasticity are restored to show sharp boundaries of structures. The method will be useful in the imaging of the reflection data obtained in the regions of possible petroleum or natural gas reservoir and of fractured zone.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2010

The phase-screen and the split-step Fourier migrations, which are implemented in both the frequency-wavenumber and frequency-space domains by using one-way scalar wave equation, allow imaging in laterally heterogeneous media with less computing time and efficiency. The generalized-screen migration employs the series expansion of the exponential, unlike the phase-screen and the split-step Fourier migrations which assume the vertical propagation in frequency-wavenumber domain. In addition, since the generalized-screen migration generalizes the series expansion of the vertical slowness, it can utilize higher-order terms of that series expansion. As a result, the generalized-screen migration has higher accuracy in computing the propagation with wide angles than the phase-screen and split-step Fourier migrations for media with large and rapid lateral velocity variations. In this study, we developed a 2D prestack generalized-screen migration module for imaging a complex subsurface efficiently, which includes various dips and large lateral variations. We compared the generalized-screen propagator with the phase-screen propagator for a constant perturbation model and the SEG/EAGE salt dome model. The generalized-screen propagator was more accurate than the phase-screen propagator in computing the propagation with wide angles. Furthermore, the more the higher-order terms were added for the generalized-screen propagator, the more the accuracy was increased. Finally, we compared the results of the generalizedscreen migration with those of the phase-screen migration for a model which included various dips and large lateral velocity variations and the synthetic data of the SEG/EAGE salt dome model. In the generalized-screen migration section, reflectors were positioned more accurately than in the phase-screen migration section.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2017

The westerly waves generation is described in the advanced earth science textbook used at high school as follows: as westerly wind approaches and blows over large mountains, the air flow shows wave motions in downwind side, which can be explained by the conservation of potential vorticity. However, there has been no case study showing the phenomena of the mesoscale westerly waves with observational data in the area of small mountains in Korea. And thus the wind speed and time persistency of westerly winds along with the width and length of mountains have never been studied to explain the generation of the westerly waves. As a first step, we assured the westerly waves generated in the downwind side of Sobaek mountains based on surface station wind data nearby. Furthermore, the critical or minimum wind velocity of the westerly wind over Sobaek mountains to generate the downwind wave were derived and calcuated tobe about $0.6m\;s^{-1}$ for Sobaek mountains, which means that the westerly waves could be generated in most cases of westerly blowing over the mountains. Using surface station data and 4-dimensional assimilation data of RDAPS (Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System) provided by Korea Meteorological Agency, we also analyzed cases of westerly waves occurrence and life cycle in the downwind side of Sobaek mountains for a year of 2014. The westerly waves occurred in meso-${\beta}$ or -${\gamma}$ scales. The westerly waves generated by the mountains disappeared gradually with wind speed decreasing. The occurrence frequency of the vorticity with meso-${\beta}$ scale got to be higher when the stronger westerly wind blew. When we extended the spatial range of the analysis, phenomena of westerly waves were also observed in the downwind side of Yensan mountains in Northeastern China. Our current work will be a study material to help students understand the atmospheric phenomena perturbed by mountains.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Stability of the barotropic Rossby-Haurwitz wave is investigated using the numerical models on the global domain. The Rossby-Haurwitz wave under investigation is composed of the basic zonal flow of super-rotation and a finite amplitude spherical harmonic wave. The Rossby-Haurwitz wave is given as either steady or unsteady wave by adjusting the strength of the super-rotating zonal flow. Stability as well as the growth rate of the wave in the numerical simulation is determined by comparing the perturbation amplitude at two different time stages. Unstable modes of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave exhibited a horizontal structure composing of various zonal-wavenumber components. The vorticity perturbation for some modes showed a discontinuity around the area of weak flow, which was found robust regardless of the horizontal resolution of the model. Fourier finite element model was shown to generate the unstable mode in earlier stage of the time integration due to less accuracy compared to the spherical harmonic spectral model. Taking the overall accuracy of the models into consideration, the time by which the unstable mode begin to dominate over the spherical harmonic wave was estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2004

Experiments were performed in a two-phase swirling spray facility that has been described elsewhere. Measurements of spray transport and drop size distribution are analyzed over wide ranges of air to liquid mass flow ratios, utilizing four different internal mixing pneumatic nozzles. The spatial distributions of mean velocities. fluctuating velocities, and velocity-diameter correlation were quantitatively analyzed. Also, the exponential correlation curves were obtained with ALR along the spray centerline, which indicated an approximately identical formulation regardless of ALR. It indicated that the atomization characteristics were remarkably superior in the case of 30o of swirl angle with higher ALR. Among other things. nozzle configuration is one of the significant parameters affecting spray phenomena from an internal mixing nozzle. Turbulence intensities are increasingly degenerated with an increase of nozzle configuration, allowing a rapid increment of drop size distribution.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2007

An analytical closed-form solution for wave propagation velocity and damping in saturated porous media is presented in this paper The fully coupled field model with compressible solid Brains and pore water were used to derive this solution. An engineering approach for the analysis of fully saturated porous media was adopted and closed-form solutions for one dimensional wave propagation in a homogeneous domain were derived. The solution is highly versatile in that it considers compression of the solid grains, compression of the pore water, deformation of the porous skeleton, and spatial damping and can be used to compute wavespeeds of first and second kind and damping coefficients in various geologic materials. This solution provides a means of analyzing the influence of material property variations on wavespeed and attenuation. In Part 2 of this work the theoretical solution is incorporated into the numerical code and the code is used in a parametric study on wave propagation velocity and damping.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2017

We calculated 3D frequency- and Laplace-domain wavefields using time-domain modeling and Fourier transform or Laplace transform. We adopted OpenACC and GPU for an efficient parallel calculation. The OpenACC makes it easy to use GPU accelerators by adding directives in conventional C, C++, and Fortran programming languages. Accordingly, one doesn't have to learn new GPGPU programming languages such as CUDA or OpenCL to use GPU. An OpenACC program allocates GPU memory, transfers data between the host CPU and GPU devices and performs GPU operations automatically or following user-defined directives. We compared performance of 3D wave propagation modeling programs using OpenACC and GPU to that using single-core CPU through numerical tests. Results using a homogeneous model and the SEG/EAGE salt model show that the OpenACC programs are approximately 53 and 30 times faster than those using single-core CPU.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2016

Migration image can be distorted due to reflected waves in the source and receiver wavefields when discontinuities of input velocity model exist in seismic imaging. To remove reflected waves coming from layer interfaces, it is a common practice to smooth the velocity model for migration. If the velocity model is smoothed, however, the subsurface image can be distorted because the velocity changes around interfaces. In this paper, we attempt to minimize the distortion by reducing reflection energy in the source and receiver wavefields through acoustic impedance homogenization. To make acoustic impedance constant, we define fake density model and use it for migration. When the acoustic impedance is constant over all layers, the reflection coefficient at normal incidence becomes zero and the minimized reflection energy results in the improvement of migration result. To verify our algorithm, we implement the reverse-time migration using cell-based finite-difference method. Through numerical examples, we can note that the migration image is improved at the layer interfaces with high velocity contrast, and it shows the marked improvement particularly in the shallow part.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1169-1176
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• 2011

Liquid film flows are classified into waveless laminar, wavy laminar, and turbulent flows depending on the Reynolds number or the flow stability. Since the wavy motions of the film flows are so intricate and nonlinear, studies on them have largely been experimental. Most numerical approaches have been limited to the waveless flow regime. The various free surface-tracking schemes adopted for this problem were used to more accurately estimate the average film thickness, rather than to capture the unsteady wavy motion. In this study, the wavy motions in laminar wavy liquid film flows with Reynolds numbers of 200-1000 were simulated with various numerical schemes based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method for interface tracking. The results from each numerical scheme were compared with the experimental results in terms of the average film thickness, the wave velocity, and the wave amplitude.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

Non-linear elastic wavefield inversion is a powerful method for estimating elastic parameters for physical constraints that determine subsurface rock and properties. Here, I introduce six elastic-wave velocity models by reconstructing elastic-wave velocity variations from real data and a 2D elastic-wave velocity model. Reflection seismic data information is often decoupled into short and long wavelength components. The local search method has difficulty in estimating the longer wavelength velocity if the starting model is far from the true model, and source frequencies are then changed from lower to higher bands (as in the 'frequency-cascade scheme') to estimate model elastic parameters. Elastic parameters are inverted at each inversion step ('simultaneous mode') with a starting model of linear P- and S-wave velocity trends with depth. Elastic parameters are also derived by inversion in three other modes - using a P- and S-wave velocity basis $('V_P\;V_S\;mode')$; P-impedance and Poisson's ratio basis $('I_P\;Poisson\;mode')$; and P- and S-impedance $('I_P\;I_S\;mode')$. Density values are updated at each elastic inversion step under three assumptions in each mode. By evaluating the accuracy of the inversion for each parameter set for elastic models, it can be concluded that there is no specific difference between the inversion results for the $V_P\;V_S$ mode and the $I_P$ Poisson mode. The same conclusion is expected for the $I_P\;I_S$ mode, too. This gives us a sound basis for full wavelength elastic wavefield inversion.