• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2001

Purpose : To propose the diagnosis, 'hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)', and its clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics. Materials & Method : Since Dec. 1995, we have experienced 10 patients(12 knees) with hypertrophy of the ACL. There were 2 males and 8 females, and the age of the patients ranged from 35 to 67 years. Characteristics of clinical, radiological and pathological findings were analysed. Results : The chief complaint was insidious onset of dull pain on the knee which became worse with activity. The constant physical finding was painful limitation of full extension of the knee. Sagittal MR images showed diffuse swelling of the ACL, similar finding that could be seen in acute ACL tear. Arthroscopically, noted was a marked enlargement of the ACL causing notch impingement. Biopsies of the hypertrophied ACL showed increased collagenous tissue with variable degree of myxoid degeneration. With partial excision of the hypertrophied ACL with or without notchplasty, the symptoms improved in all. Conclusion : Hypertrophy of the ACL, a newly proposed diagnosis, should be considered be determining the cause of the painful knee, and further study should be done about its pathogenesis.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2000

생물공정의 운전에 있어서 적절한 공정변수가 부족한 경우가 많다. 이것은 멸균과정을 견딜 수 있는 신뢰성 높은 센서가 부족하기 때문이다[1]. 생물공정에 주로 사용되는 센서로서는 온도, pH, D.O., rpm, viscosoty 등이 있으나 이 센서들은 배양액의 물리적 혹은 화학적 상태를 측정할 수 있는 경우가 대부분이다[2]. 미생물의 대사활동과 관련이 있는 공정 변수로는 배출가스의 성분을 측정하여 얻을 수 있는 Oxygen uptake rate, Carbon dioxide evolution rate 및 Respiratory quotient가 있으며 현재 생물공정의 운전에 사용되고 있다[3]. 그러나 반복적인 센서의 보정과 연결관의 잦은 청소 및 보수를 필요로 하여 제한적으로 사용되고있는 실정이다. 자동화된 습식분석장치, Gas chromatograph, High Performace Liquid Chromatograph 혹은 Mass spectrophtometry 등을 온라인 샘플 처리장치와 연결하여 발효조의 배양액의 성분을 온라인으로 분석하고 공정의 운전에 응용하는 사례가 많이 발표되었다[4-6]. 고가의 장비 및 운전의 번거러움이나 추가적인 인력이 필요하므로 역시 특별한 경우에만 사용되고 있다. 이외에도 여러 종류의 온라인 센서 및 바이오 센서등이 개발되어 사용되고 있으나 역시 그 사용범위는 특수한 영역에 한정되어있다. 이와 같이 새로운 센서를 개발하여 공정변수를 측정하려는 시도중의 하나가 소프트웨어 센서의 개발이다. 이 것은 공정상에서 발생하는 1차 공정변수를 이용하여 배양액의 상태 혹은 2차적인 공정 변수를 추측해내는 것이다. 대부분의 경우 기존의 공정 변수를 사용하므로 추가적인 비용이 들지 않고 소프트웨어의 형태로 구현되므로 센서의 보정과 설치 및 유지관리의 노력이 매우 적은 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물공정에서 자동제어 과정에서 발생하는 여러 가지 공정상의 제어 신호로부터 새로운 공정 변수를 얻어내고자 시도하였다. 대부분의 생물공정에서는 pH의 자동제어가 필수적인데 자동제어 과정에서 발생하는 pH 제어 신호 및 pH의 변화 응답신호를 이용하여 배지의 완충용량의 변화와 알칼리의 소비속도를 온라인으로 측정할 수 있었다. 여기에 인공지능망을 설계하여 균체의 량을 온라인으로 추정하는 방법을 개발하였다 [7].산업용 발효조의 운전 온도는 주로 냉각수의 단속적인 공급에 의하여 항상 일정하게 조절된다. 따라서 냉각수의 냉각량을 측정하면 미생물의 배양시 발생하는 대사열량을 측정할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 실험실의 발효조를 냉각수의 단속적인 공급에 의하여 자동온도 조절이 되도록 개조하고 여기에 냉각수의 유출입 지점에 온도센서를 부착하여 냉각수의 온도를 측정하고 냉각수의 공급량과 대기의 온도 등을 측정하여 대사열의 발생을 추정할 수 있었다. 동시에 이를 이용하여 유가배양시 기질을 공급하는 공정변수로 사용하였다 [8]. 생물학적인 폐수처리장치인 활성 슬러지법에서 미생물의 활성을 측정하는 방법은 아직 그다지 개발되어있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 슬러지의 주 구성원이 미생물인 점에 착안하여 침전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.65-77
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• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with the self-rated health status of the elderly and whether these factors were different from younger adults. Methods: An interview survey was conducted on non-institutionalized adults in Wonju City, Korea. Determinants of self-rated health status were identified and compared between individuals aged 19 to 64 years and those aged 65 years and over, using an ordered logistic regression conducted separately on these two groups. Participants were 1,685 younger adults and 188 elderly people. Self-rated health status was measured along a continuous scale from 0 to 100 (0 for the worst and 100 for the best they could imagine) and then binned into 11 categories. Results: Self-rated health status of the elderly in Wonju was associated with household income, education, bereavement, adequate sleep, daily and social life being affected by poor health status, mobility, and anxiety and depression. Household income, adequate sleep, and participation in social activities were significant only in the elderly, while some factors associated with the self-rated health status of younger adults, such as rural dwelling, regular exercise, living alone, and skipping breakfast were not significant in the elderly. Conclusion: In order to improve the health of the elderly in Wonju City, it would be necessary to develop programs addressing those specific needs of the elderly and to integrate them effectively in the Healthy City projects.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.50
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• pp.91-115
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• 2017

Recently the characteristics of those who committed serious terrorist crimes are not directly related to the direct command system of a specific terrorist organization (ex. IS) but are influenced by the political propaganda of terrorist organizations online, Terrorist crime under the loose form of the terrorist organization. Therefore, this study suggests ways to improve countermeasures against terrorism in metropolitan subways. Although it is important for the prevention of terrorism in the subway, it is important for the police officers of the subway police and the special police officers of the railway to have a physical limit to take charge of them, and after confirming that improvement measures are necessary, And pointed out the possibility of establishing independent security departments where judicial and administrative control is not feasible to grant police rights. In addition, I pointed out how to improve the safety of subways in the metropolitan area through the recruitment of core job candidates and the identity survey during the subway operation. Furthermore, it was confirmed that a special council on terrorism, which can take into consideration the characteristics of subway terrorism, such as airports and ports, is required to be established in charge of terrorism prevention under the current Anti-Terrorism Act. Finally, it is once again emphasized that the strengthening of the powers of the counterparts to terrorism must inevitably limit the basic rights of the people, so the principle of proportionality must be observed in their activities.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.180-200
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• 2015

The problems current robotic technology education class has are the students with different basic background knowledge levels and the class based on the instructional teaching method. This study shows the implementation of the student teams achievement divisions (STAD) learning model into an introductory robotic technology education class to resolve the problems in the current robotic technology class. The STAD learning model focuses on the ability of each team member with different knowledge levels and make team members help each other through class activities such as assignments and a project. All members get rewarded by their performance output as a team in a course grade. The outputs of STAD learning models were measured by paired sample t-test as pre-test and post-test in terms of students's transition on basic knowledge for robotic technology, students' attitudinal transition on teaching robotic technology class, and students' competencies and self-efficacy on related subject areas. The study participants were 22 pre-service technology teachers at a university. The results show that all four measured areas were improved significantly, compared to pre-test with respect to the means scores of each measurement area. The STAD learning model could be an alternate for the current robotic technology class to deliver the better class outcomes for students under the specific circumstances.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.205-213
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• 2016

This study clarified the definition and interpretation of terms relating to SMEs Priority System. First, 'Domestic' is defined that the address of office is in our country. Second, 'Technology utilization capacity' is defined that the de facto capacity to technology commercialization and utilization. for example. development or production or sales activity of the production using national r&d performance. Third, 'priority' in priority consideration is defined that when there are many companies trying sign technology utilization contract, technology providers shoud provide the opportunity of signing contract to SMEs primarily. 'priority consideration' is defined that technology providers shoud try to do enough to sign a contract with SMEs. This study has significance in that raising the application of the current SMEs Priority System.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-58
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• 2000

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline additive that boosts the oxygen content in fuel (an oxygenate), resulting in less air-polluting carbon monoxide being released from vehicle exhaust systems. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc.. Studies on the chemical and these problems are going on abroad vigorously. These studies should be performed in our country as well more actively. This paper reviews on articles on these studies and focuses on the identification of the chemical as a groundwater contamination source.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2017

This study explores the concept of Study Time Management Service(STMS) and the characteristics of gamification elements in STMS, in order to propose the meaning of psychic anti-entropy and the role of a meme as a new gamification element. The goal of gamification in education is to enhance study motivation and lead to flow by integrating similarities between game and study into the study environment. STMS also aims at such a goal. However, it differs in that the external anti-entropy environment, such as blocking apps, is connected with game mechanics or game thinking to give extrinsic motivation. It is also unique in that it uses a meme as a new gamification element to induce intrinsic motivation. In particular, a meme as a kind of guideline for performing study activities induces intrinsic motivation to imitate good study patterns and offers the driving force to sustain psychic anti-entropy state. Therefore, gamification in STMS is to strengthen the external anti-entropy environment by utilizing game mechanics or game thinking, and to maintain the psychic anti-entropy state by utilizing a meme of study patterns.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.837-850
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• 2002

In an attempt to accelerate the development of formal reasoning ability of students, 'Thinking Science' activities developed by the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education(CASE) project were implemented to 841 students in 7th grade aged 12+ in six middle schools over a period of two years. Homogeneity between the CASE group and control group was tested with SRT II, while the improvement of formal reasoning ability of the students was tested with SRT VII. The results were analyzed by treatment, gender, and cognitive levels of the students. Statistically significant gains were shown in the CASE group compared with those in the control group. Cognitive level of girls in the CASE group significantly increased as compared with the control group, while there was moderate effect in boys. These results implied that the thinking science activities were effective in cognitive acceleration of girls aged 12+. It was shown that much more CASE students in pre or concrete operational level shifted to formal operational level as compared with the control group while there were significant effects in all levels (ES=0.31${\sim}$1.10) without showing any tendency.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching learning process plans with problem-based learning using book-making applying to the "Dressing and Self Expression" unit and evaluate its effect in middle school home economics for first grade. We developed teaching learning process plans with problem-based learning using book-making including 9 teaching materials for teachers and 15 learning materials for students. Further, we conducted and investigated pre- and post-tests in a form of questionnaires in 167 students from a girls' middle school in Pusan. Teaching learning process plans with problem-based learning using book-making showed positive results in body satisfaction, such as reduction in distortion or less dissatisfaction regarding students' body images. Also, they were found to be less affected by sociocultural attitude towards appearance. The estimation of students included the positive contents that the class was interested with various materials and it provided them with a chance to understand their body. Meanwhile, minor comments pointed out lack of time and complained of the amount of assignments. With these results, we found that teaching learning process plans with problem-based learning using book-making was an appropriate model to achieve the purpose of this study and we suggested that this class might be applied to other units of middle school home economics.