• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.665-676
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• 2011

In this study, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) and critical heat flux (CHF) for a smooth and square flat heater in a pool of pure water with and without carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed at $60^{\circ}C$ were measured. Tested aqueous nanofluids were prepared using CNTs with volume concentrations of 0.0001%, 0.001%, and 0.01%. The CNTs were dispersed by chemically treating them with an acid in the absence of any polymers. The results showed that the pool boiling HTCs of the nanofluids are higher than those of pure water in the entire nucleate boiling regime. The acid-treated CNTs led to the deposition of a small amount of CNTs on the surface, and the CNTs themselves acted as heat-transfer-enhancing particles, owing to their very high thermal conductivity. There was a significant increase in the CHF- up to 150%-when compared to that of pure water containing CNTs with a volume concentration of 0.001%. This is attributed to the change in surface characteristics due to the deposition of a very thin layer of CNTs on the surface. This layer delays nucleate boiling and causes a reduction in the size of the large vapor canopy around the CHF. This results in a significant increase in the CHF.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2010

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are smart materials. The unique characteristics of SMAs enable the production of large force and displacement. Hence, SMAs can be used in many applications such as in actuators and active structural acoustic controllers; the SMAs can also be used for dynamic tuning and shape control. A SMA torque tube actuator consisting of SMA tubes and superelastic springs is proposed, and the behaviors of the actuator are investigated. From the results of heat transfer analysis, it is proved that the SMA torque tube actuator with both resistive heating of SMA itself and a separate conventional heating rod in the tube core has good performance. The behavior of an actuator system was analyzed by performing a contact analysis, and the twisting motion was noticed when checking the actuation. 3D SMA nonlinear constitutive equations were formulated numerically and implemented by performing a nonlinear analysis by using Abaqus UMAT.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.517-521
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• 2012

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as a promising material for the fabrication of flexible conductors such as transparent electrodes, flexible heaters, and transparent speakers. In this study, a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) film was deposited on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate using a spraying technique. MWCNTs were dispersed in water using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). To evaluate the effect of the weight ratio between SDS and MWCNTs on the electromechanical properties of the film, direct tensile tests and optical strain measurement were conducted. It was found that the CNT film hardly affected the mechanical behavior of CNT/PET composite films, while the electrical behavior of the CNT film was strongly affected by the SDS concentration in the CNT film. The electrical resistance of CNT/PET films gradually increased with the strain applied to the PET substrate, even up to a large strain that ruptured the substrate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2003

제작 장치와 공정이 간단하고, 두께제어 및 다양한 종류와 형태의 후막제작이 가능하며, 경제적 효율성과 기술적 장점을 가지고 있는 전기영동전착방식으로 산화물계 고온 초전도 후막을 제작하였다. 전착특성을 개선하기 위하여 측면보조전계 인가 방식을 설계, 적용하였다. 측면보조전계 인가 방식의 전기영동전착법을 적용함으로써, 기존의 단독 전착전계 인가방식에 비하여 전기영동전착 후막의 표면 균일성을 확보할 수 있음으로 임계전류 밀도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. 그러므로 측면보조전계 인가방식은 전기전자, 의료, 기계 분야의 핵심 산업 및 첨단 소재의 응용분야에 이르기까지 매우 폭넓은 범위에서 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 특히 후막제작이 어려운 세라믹계열에의 적용이 가능하며, CRT 튜브의 전자총 히터코일과 같은 특수 제작조건을 비롯하여 균일하고 치밀한 막의 제작이 요구되는 기술공정상의 목적이 유사한 경우의 여러 가지의 응용 대상에도 적용함으로써, 그 특성과 성능을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.2057-2058
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• 2011

We have studied that a effect saving temperature of instantaneous heater using an economical bidet due to change Silicon-Tube. The results, we have found that the existing instantaneous heater is reduced 15 [%], 20 [%] better than a new product instantaneous heater as a discharge water [${\ell}$/min] with temperature and ${\nabla}$ value, respectively. Therefore, we have showed that the innovative effect of a working process and the cost reduction because an economical bidet due to change Silicon-Tube.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2019.07a
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• pp.242-244
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• 2019

본 논문은 방사선 치료에 사용되는 선형 전자가속기(LINAC)의 작동 원리와 구성 등 의료용 LINAC의 전반을 다룬다. 의료용 LINAC은 전자총에서 발사된 전자를 가속기 튜브 내에서 가속시켜 전자빔을 발생시키고, 이러한 전자빔을 금속 표적에 충돌시켜 발생한 X 선을 인체에 조사하는 원리이다. 최근에는 O-arm, C-arm 등 3-D 촬영을 위한 치료기가 개발됨에 따라, 의료용 LINAC의 전자총, 마그네트론 등을 구동하는데 사용되는 고전압 전원장치 또한 소형화와 고밀도화가 요구되는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 마그네트론 구동을 위한 고밀도 40kV/100A 음극성 펄스 모듈레이터와 정전압 정전류 제어 및 50kV 절연이 가능한 히터 전원장치를 설계 및 제작하였으며, 9.3GHz, 1.7MW X-Band 마그네트론 연계실험을 통해 고효율 고신뢰성의 동작을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.168.2-168.2
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• 2017

발열체는 전기 에너지를 열 에너지로 변환시키는 전기 저항체인데, Ni-Cr계 합금이 발열 가능 온도가 범위가 크고 열 효율 및 내 산화성, 내 부식성이 우수하여 발열체로 많이 사용되고 있다. 그리고 기존의 선형 발열체의 효율성을 개선한 면상 발열체가 개발되었고, 최근 나노 기술의 발달로 나노크기의 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) 입자나 탄소나노튜브가 코팅된 형태의 투명 면상 발열체가 개발되어 주목을 받고 있다. 투명 면상 발열체는 발열체의 형태를 거시적으로 확인할 수 없기 때문에 자동차의 전면 유리 히터 및 건축용 기능성 창호 등의 심미적 효과를 요구하는 제품에 사용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 PVP(Poly vinyl Pirrolidone)을 이용하여 Ni-Cr Nanofiber 제조를 위한 효율적인 전기 방사 조건을 도출한다. PVP 질량에 따라서 Ethanol과 Methanol, 물을 이용하여 viscosity와 ion conduciviy를 조절하였고, 전기방사 조건으로 bead를 최소화 하는 나노섬유를 얻었다. 이어서 Ni-Cr/PVP 용액은 Metal Precursor wt.% 조절 및 방사조건으로 100~300nm의 직경을 가진 나노 섬유를 얻을 수 있었다. 산화/환원 열처리 후 PVP와 Oxide가 제거된 Ni-Cr nanofiber를 합성하였다. Nanofiber 형상은 FE-SEM으로 측정하였으며, XRD, FT-IR 분석을 통해 제작된 나노 섬유의 구조적 특성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Many countries have conducted extensive studies for biomass co-firing to enhance the durability of reactor on high-temperature corrosion. However, due to the complicated mechanisms of biomass co-firing, there have been limitations in accurately determining the current state of corrosion and predicting the potential risk of corrosion of power plant. In order to solve this issue, this study introduced Lab-scale corrosion system to analyze the corrosion characteristics of the A213 T91 material under the biomass co-firing conditions. The corrosion status of the samples was characterized using SEM/EDS analysis and mass loss measurement according to various biomass co-firing conditions such as corrosion temperature, $SO_2$ concentration, and corrosion time. As a result, the corrosion severity of A213 T91 material was gradually increased with the increase of $SO_2$ concentration in the reactor. When $SO_2$ concentration was changed from 0 ppm to 500 ppm, both corrosion severity and oxide layer thickness were proportionally increased by 15% and 130%, respectively. The minimum corrosion was observed when the corrosion temperature was $450^{\circ}C$. As the temperature was increased up to $650^{\circ}C$, the faster corrosion behavior of A213 T91 was observed. A213 T91 was observed to be more severely corroded by the effect of chlorine, resulting in faster corrosion rate and thicker oxide layer. Interestingly, corrosion resistance of A213 T91 tended to gradually decrease rather than increases as the oxide layer was formed. The results of this study is expected to provide necessary research data on boiler corrosion in biomass co-firing power plants.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2022

In this work, the degradation of high-pressure superheater tubes exposed to the flame of a duct burner in a heat recovery steam generator of a district heating system was evaluated. To assess the deterioration of the used superheater tube, the microstructure, microhardness, and tensile properties were investigated by comparison to an unused tube. The study found that a fin bound at the outer surface of the used tube became fragile only in the location facing the flame. This indicates that the tube was directly exposed to the flame from the duct burner or underwent abnormal overheating. While the unused tube showed a uniform value in hardness and equiaxial grain structure, the used tube revealed a decrease in hardness up to 105 HV and an increase in grain size with a plate-like morphology in the location facing the flame. The coarsening of the grain structure by the flame weakened the mechanical properties of yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation.