• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.5-40
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• 2021

This study attempts to analyze gender gaps in voter turnout for three different types of elections held since 2017 at the aggregate level using the Central Election Management Commission's turnout data, paying attention to the importance of women's voting. The findings are as follows. First, modern gender gaps in voter turnout at the aggregate level are confirmed in most regions regardless of election types. Second, the gender gap in turnout varies with age. The gender difference is verified in the "widowhood effect," where turnout decreases in the oldest-old. In the new voter group, modern gender gaps appear in most regions. The reversed gender difference in turnout in the late 20s, which reflects the Korean society's characteristics, is confirmed in all elections. Third, it is unclear whether the reverse gender gap in turnout becomes more pronounced in urbanized districts. As urbanization progressed, modern gender differences in voter turnout across age groups are observed at the population-based size level. Paradoxically, the modern gender gap tends to be weak and turns into the traditional gender gap in younger age groups (in the late thirties) in Gangnam-gu and Seocho-gu, the most modernized districts in Seoul. These results show that the modern gender gap in turnout is now a common phenomenon and continues to be strengthened by newly recruited voters in Korea. Thus we should pay more attention to female voters' political behavior and a new approach beyond the developmental theory to understand the causal mechanism to generate the modern gender gap in voter turnout.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-140
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• 2020

This study is meaningful in that it is the first analysis of Korean elections using the concept of spatial autocorrelation. Spatial autocorrelation means that an event occurring in one location in space has a high correlation with an event occurring in the surrounding area. The voter turnout rate in the 21^st general election of Seoul area was divided into the early-voting turnout and voting-day turnout, and the spatial pattern of the turnout was examined. Most of the previous studies were based on the unit of the precinct and personal data, but this study analyzed on the basis of the lower unit, Eup-myeon-dong, and analyzed using spatial data and aggregate data. Moran I index showed a fairly high spatial autocorrelation of 0.261 in the voting-day turnout, while the index of the early-voting turnout was low at 0.095, indicating that there was little spatial autocorrelation despite statistical significance. The voting-day turnout, which showed strong spatial autocorrelation, was compared and analyzed using the OLS regression model and the spatial statistics model. In the general regression model, the coefficient of determination R² rose from 0.585261 to 0.656631 in the spatial error model, showing an increase in explanatory power of about 7 percentage points. This means that the spatial statistical model has high explanatory power. The most interesting result is the relationship between the early-voting turnout and the voting-day turnout. The higher the early-voting turnout is, the lower the voting-day turnout is. When the early-voing turnout increases by about 2%, the voting-day turnout drops by about 1%. In this study, the variables affecting the early-voting turnout and the voting-day turnout are very different. This finding is different from the previous researches.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

선거는 민주주의의 근본이 되는 절차로 투표는 국민이 주권을 행사할 수 있는 소중한 기회이다. 그러나 최근 들어 국내를 비롯한 여러 국가에서 투표율이 지속적으로 하락하는 추세를 나타내면서 민주주의의 근간이 흔들리는 것은 아닌지 우려를 자아낸다. 전자투표는 투표의 준비, 투표, 투표결과의 집계 과정에 전자적인 기법을 도입하여 진행하는 투표로, 기존투표에 비해 시간적, 공간적 비용의 절감효과, 투표율의 상승을 기대할 수 있어 미국, 영국을 비롯한 여러 유럽 국가에서 도입하거나, 도입을 준비하고 있다. 그러나 전자투표는 투표 과정에서의 안전성을 반드시 보장해야 하며, 사용자 인터페이스를 강화하여 정보화 소외계층 및 노령층의 참여를 유도해야 하는 과제를 포함하고 있다. 이에 본 고에서는 전자투표의 기본적인 개념과 사용자의 친숙도를 강화한 전자투표 방식을 살펴봄으로써 전자투표의 실용화 방안에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.195-209
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 보안 기반의 전자투표 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 기존의 전자 투표 시스템은 유권자인증과 투표 내용의 암호화 전송을 하지 않는 단순한 인터넷을 이용한 여론 조사에 불과하여 조사 결과의 신뢰도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 변조나 위조의 가능성이 많다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 이용이 확산되고 있는 인터넷과 WWW(World Wide Web) 환경에서 공개키 알고리즘을 기반으로 하는 투표 내용의 암호화 전송과 시스템 보안에 역점을 둔 전자 투표 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 이 같은 전자 투표 시스템을 사용하게 되면 기존의 전 근대적 투표 방식에 의한 투표율 저조라는 문제를 해결할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 투표에 따른 시간적, 경제적, 인적 손실을 막을 수 있는 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.209-218
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 보안 기반의 전자 투표 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.기존의 전자 투표시스템은 유권자 인증과 투표내용의 암호화 전송을 하지 않는 단순한 인터넷을 이용한 여론조사에 불과하여 조사 결과의 신뢰도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라, 변조나 위조의 가능성이 많다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 이용이 확산되고 있는 인터넷과 WWW(World Wide Web) 환경에서 공개키 알고리즘을 기반으로 하는 투표내용의 암호화 전소와 시스템보안에 역점을 둔 전자 투표시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 이 같은 전자투표시스템을 사용하게 되면 기존의 건 근대적 투표방식에 의한 투표율저조라는 문제를 해결할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 투표에 따른 시간적 , 경제적, 인적 손실을 막을 수 있는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.2873-2881
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• 2018

It is very important to obtain objective and credible information through election polls in order to contribute to the correct voting behavior of the voters or to establish appropriate election strategies for candidates or political parties. Therefore, many related organizations such as political parties, media organizations, and research institutions have been making efforts to improve the accuracy of the results of the polls and the election prediction. Kim et al. (2017) analyzed whether the non-response group responded that there is no support candidate in the election survey to increase the accuracy of the estimation of the vote rate. As a result, it has been confirmed that the accuracy of the estimation of the vote rate can be significantly improved by performing an appropriate classification on the non-response layer. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the turnout by each strata (sex, age group) under the condition that the total turnout rate is given for a specific district (region) and propose a procedure to predict the vote rate by reflecting the turnout. In addition, case studies were conducted using data gathered through telephone interviews for the 20th National Assembly elections in 2016.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.315-333
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• 2014

The study was carried out to analyze election regionalism and to find out the spatial pattern of party support drawn in the 18th general election. Strongly biased pattern found to be caused by party strategies and voting behaviour preferring for the local party. Each party employed the strategies such as tactical and nepotic nomination, regional development pledges, and local instigation of regionalism. In consciousness survey done by the National Election Commission, primarily people tend to choose the representative by his(her) party and secondly, they consider their carrier and occupation. They vote for the same party in the local district and proportional representation. While election regionalism strongly found in voting behaviour of each party's main strongholds based on spatial pattern of major party support, voters of Seoul and Chungbuk tend to vote for their interests due to regional development pledges such as 'Newtown' Development and 'Multifunctional Administrative City' construction.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5-44
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• 2019

The 2018 midterm elections were considered a referendum for Trump Presidency, especially because Latino community has been feeling that the anti-immigration, anti-Latino policies of Trump administration are harmful to the community. News Media and pundits predicted the boost of the Latino turnout and its positive effects on Democratic candidates at all levels. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of Latino demographics and Latino public opinion and to analyze the election results with exit poll data and actual aggregate data. The data analysis shows that, compared to 2014 midterm elections, Latino turnout and the support for Democratic candidates actually increased in most counties and precincts, which is more salient in the areas with heavy Latino concentration.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

As Internet voting can take place regardless of a voter's location, the participation rate of the voters would be increased and economic costs will be reduced. But the drawback of it is that all participants have to trust the election management server. If the server colludes with the specific candidate, the other candidates cannot prove rigged election. In addition, majority of researches on Internet voting are mainly focused on the voting restricted by the region and the country. Thus, it's not appropriate for the election in Internet community such as YouTube channels. As the Internet community is composed of members from all around the world, the new type of voting model is needed. In this study, we propose the smart contract based Internet voting model applicable on the blockchain network. The proposed smart contract model consists of candidate registration, voter registration, voting and counting stages. In the proposed model, anonymity of the voter is assured in the voter registration and voting stages, and all candidates can confirm the fairness of the election in the counting stage.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

Electronic voting has been followed by a lot of research as it provides convenience to voters and increases participation rates. Nevertheless, electronic voting has not been widespread yet. The existing electronic voting system does not guarantee credibility, and there arises a question on the security that the voting could be forged or altered by the attack to the central server. In this paper, we proposed blockchain based systems to solve the problems in electronic voting. Although the blockchain may guarantee the security of transaction data, there have been only a few electronic voting systems implemented using the blockchain. We developed blockchain enabled voting and brought out some of its related legal, technical and operational challenges to enforce more security in voting. Unlike centralized voting, the systems could enforce security and solve the problems such as forgery or alteration of transaction data caused by hacking or any attempts to gain control of the central server system.