• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.39 no.6 s.167
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• pp.503-510
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• 2006

Riverbank filtration is a natural process, using alluvial aquifers to remove contaminants and pathogens in river water for the production of drinking water. Back analysis which minimizes the objective function that is typically the sum of squares of the differences between the calculated and measured quantities is used for the estimation of aquifer parameters. In this study, transmissivity is back-analysed using the BFGS (Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) scheme for optimization. MOC is used to obtain calculated groundwater level. The developed inverse model was applied to Dae-san, Chang-won city where riverbank filtration is being undertaken. The model showed good convergence behavior for different groundwater conditions. The performance of the model was better than a widely-used commercial software package in terms of error between calculated and observed groundwater level.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2002

The modified TOPMODEL of two storage systems has been integrated to the generalized assumptions of decreasing hydraulic conductivity to vertical direction. Three different recharge functions were introduced to explore the impact of the macropore flow to vortical direction, the storage at the surface zone and the relative storage deficit of the soil matrix. Combinations of these approaches provide 30 type of the model structure for the hillslope hydrology. Developed models have been applied to several hydrologic events at the Sulmachun watershed. The performance evaluation with the Monte carlo simulation suggests that the exponential function of transmissivity reduction should be appropriate form for the physically -based hydrologic simulation on the Sulmachun watershed. It has been shown that the recharge function of macropore flow contributes to improve the predictability of the generalized version of modified TOPMODEL.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2001

지하수위의 상승에 따른 간극수압의 증가는 사면의 불안정을 야기할 수 있다. 그러나 모델링 오차, 계측오차, 모델변수의 불확실성 등과 같은 오차로 인하여 사면에서의 지하수위 변동을 예측하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 이러한 불확실성을 극복하고 지하수위 변동을 평가하기 위한 최적의 모델변수를 구하기 위하여 역해석 기법이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사면에서의 지하수위 변동을 예측하기 위하여 포화대에서의 지하수 흐름과 불포화대에서의 지하수 흐름을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 수치해석 모델과 변수예측기법을 적용하였다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 포화투수계수($K_{s}$ ), 포화흡인력($\psi$$_{e}$) 및 불포화 투수계수의 함수에 사용되는 경험적인 상수(b)를 주요 매개변수로 선정하여 역해석을 실시하였다. 그리고, 역해석 기법 가운데 Maximum Likelihood(MK), Maximum-A-Posterior(MAP) 및 Extended Bayesian Method(EBM)에 대하여 비교연구를 실시하였다. 위의 세가지 방법 가운데 EBM은 가상의 변수(Hyperparameter) $\beta$를 도입함으로써 현장계측치와 사전정보를 가장 잘 조화시키는 방법으로 다른 ML, MAP 보다 탁월한 방법인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.249-253
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• 2008

최근 국내에서 사용되고 있는 격자분포형 강우-유출 모형 $Vflo^{TM}$을 실무에 효율적으로 적용하기 위하여 매개변수값의 결정과 그 민감도를 분석하고, 중랑천 유역의 토지이용 및 지형특성을 고려한 적정 크기의 격자에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구대상유역으로는 토지이용현황이 상이한 중랑천 상류(자연유역), 우이천(복합유역) 및 청계천(도시유역) 유역을 선택하였다. $2003{\sim}2006$년까지 5개 호우사상의 실측자료로부터 매개변수값의 최적화를 실시하였으며 수치모의된 결과로 부터 조도계수, 투수계수, 초기함수비 등의 매개변수에 의한 계산치의 민감도를 분석하였다. 검토결과 지표면 조도계수가 가장 예민했으며, Green-Ampt식에 적용되는 투수계수의 영향이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 수문학적 지형특성 반영을 위한 적정 격자크기는 자연유역(중랑천 상류)과 복합유역(우이천)에서는 100과 200 m에서 관측 유출수문곡선과 대체로 일치하나, 격자크기가 300 m에서는 지형특성을 반영하지 못해 유출수문곡선이 왜곡되는 경향을 나타내어 불투수율 80% 이하인 자연 및 복합유역에서는 DEM 격자크기를 $200{\sim}300\;m$이하로 적용하는 것이 적정하다고 판단된다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.156-166
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• 2001

A stochastic continuum(SC) modeling technique was developed to simulate the groundwater flow pathway in fractured rocks. This model was developed to overcome the disadvantageous points of discrete fracture network(DFN) modes which has the limitation of fracture numbers. Besides, SC model is able to perform probabilistic analysis and to simulate the conductive groundwater pathway as discrete fracture network model. The SC model was formulated based on the discrete fracture network(DFN) model. The spatial distribution of permeability in the stochastic continuum model was defined by the probability distribution and variogram functions defined from the permeabilities of subdivided smaller blocks of the DFN model. The analysis of groundwater travel time was performed to show the consistency between DFN and SC models by the numerical experiment. It was found that the stochastic continuum modes was an appropriate way to provide the probability density distribution of groundwater velocity which is required for the probabilistic safety assessment of a radioactive waste disposal facility.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2001

This study investigated the effectiveness of ultrasonic waves on the relative permeability under a range of soil type, flushing rate, and sonication power. This study was conducted in the laboratory using a specially designed and fabricated equipment, and the laboratory study was simulated by ECLPISE 100 which is a commercial black oil simulator. The test results indicated the sonication increased contaminant extraction significantly. From analytical standpoint, sonication caused a change in the relative permeability of the test samples, a reduction in residual oil saturation and an increase in both irreducible water saturation and wettability. These three parameters are highly related with $(C_{10})^2$. The computer software ECLIPSE 100 can be used to analyze the change of the relative permeability due to sonication in two phase immiscible flow.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 1996

작물의 최대 수확을 위한 관개계획은 작물의 수분장력 스트래스와 삼투스트래스를 최소화 시킬 수 있도록 언제 얼마의 물을 어떤 속도로 공급해 줄 것인가를 결정하는 것이다. 이는 토양, 작물 및 대기의 여러 가지 요소를 측정하여 결정할 수 있다. 관개속도는 주로 토양의 투수계수에 의하여 결정되지만 관개시간과 양은 토양함수량과 경우에 따라서는 토양염도에 의하여 결정된다. Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)는 한 개의 탐침으로 토양 함수량과 토양염도를 동시에 측정하는 새로운 기법이다. TDR의 측정원리와 상업용 TDR장비에 대하여 자세히 설명하였다. TDR 탐침의 간격, 직경 및 길이의 제한요소를 토양함수량과 전기전도도의 함수로 나타내었다. 토양 columm 및 현장에서의 TDR 전극 삽입과 케이블테스터의 신속한 분리기법과 토양층에 TDR 탐침을 영구히 설치하는 기법에 대하여 자세히 설명하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2014

To investigate the unsaturated characteristics of the tailings obtained from the waste dump at Imgi mine, matric suction and volumetric water content were measured in both drying and wetting processes using Automated Soil-Water Characteristics Curve Apparatus. Based on the measured result, Soil Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) were estimated by van Genuchten model. According to the unsaturated soil classification method, the tailings of the waste dump correspond to clayey sand. As a result of Suction Stress Characteristic Curve (SSCC) by Lu and Likos model, SSCC has a shape of S which is similar to SWCC. The hysteresis phenomenon occurred in SSCCs, which means the suction stress of drying path is larger than that of wetting path in the same effective degree of saturation. The effective stress of unsaturated soil is equal to that of saturated soil when matric suction is less than Air Entry Value (AEV). However, the effective stress of unsaturated soil is larger than that of saturated soil when matic suction is more than AEV. Meanwhile, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity by van Genuchten model decreased with increasing matric suction, and the hydraulic conductivity of drying path is larger than that of wetting path.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 1995

Much of Taegu and Kyungpook areas are composed of sedimentary rocks. This paper is concerned with the engineering characteristi os of weathered shale soils and mudstone soils. In this study, the engineering characteristics of weathered shale soils and mudstone soils are investigated by performing tests such as compaction, gradation, CBR permeability and crushability according to compaction energy and water content. The experiments were carried out to obtain the relationships of the ratio of surface area(Sw'/Sw) and the indez of crushing(IC) The results are found as follows : (1) Weathered shale soils are larger than weathered mudstone soils in maximun dry den sixty, but weathered shale soils are smaller than weathered mudstone soils in OMC. (2) Minimum permeability is found in OMC's 1~2% wet side, and the more compaction energy is high, the more the change's range of permeability becomes narrow. (3) There is linear correlation between the ratio of surface area and the indez of crushing. IC : 14.286sw'/Sw -8.429(r=0.9937) (4) Soaked CBR value becomes maximum in OMC's dry side, and it decreases as the water content increases. Whereas the more compaction energy is high the more unsoaked and soaked CBR values are high in OMC's dry side, unsoaked and soaked CBR values are opposed to that in OMC's wet side.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2018

For the efficient recovering of collapsed sloped soil, using a soil binder that can support the soil strongly and help the growth of plants is very important. The soil binder should also have functions of recovering the soil ecologically as well as be environmental friendly materials. In this research, optimum values of the water content and permeability and direct shear strength were searched by adding the water absorbent and coagulant into the soil binder. The polyacrylamide (PAM) with various anionic strength, super absorbent polymer (SAP) and cellulose ether (CE) were used as a soil binder, water absorbent and coagulant, respectively. Effects of the soil binder on the characteristics of soil were observed by changing the mixing ratio of PAM, SAP and CE. Experimental results showed that the soil binder increased the direct shear strength tens of times and the water content around two times, whereas decreased the water permeability. Also, the addition of CE to increase the coagulation of SAP increased more of the direct shear strength and water content.