• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

It is very important factors to control optimal light transmission ratio and soil moisture content in order to produce good quality of ginseng seedling. To study the effect of light transmission ratio (LTR) and soil moisture content(SMC) on growth characteristics and yield of ginseng seedling, LTR was controlled by three level such as 21.2, 24.8% and 30.3%, and SMC was plotted by four level of 11.0%, 12.5%, 15.3% and 18.9% at the greenhouse. Chlorophyll content was gradually decreased in the low LTR (21.2%), while it was distinctly decreased by the decrease of SMC in excessively high LTR (30.3%). The decrease of SMC in the high LTR increased heat injury ratio distinctly, while heat injury ratio in the low LTR was only increased when SMC was very low such as 11.0%. All of fresh root weight per Kan (3.3$m^2$), root weight per plant, and the number of usable seedling were distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR and the decrease of SMC. Excessive increase of LTR in optimal SMC (18.9%) hadn't a great effect on the decrease of root weight, while root weight in low SMC was distinctly decreased by the increase of LTR. Ratio of rusty root was distinctly increased in the condition that both of LTR and SMC were high. Ratio of rusty root in the excessively high LTR was gradually fallen off by decrease of SMC, but its ratio in low SMC didn't changed distinctly by the decrease of SMC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 1986

This study was conducted to define the effects of light transparent rate of the shading on the photosynthesis ability of the ginseng leaves and their seasonal changes. Regardless the effects of light transparent rate of shading and age of ginseng plant, 10,000 lux was the most adequate light intensity for the maximum photosynthesis of ginseng leaves and seasonal difference was not significant. The ginseng plants which were grown under 10 to 15 percent light transparent shading showed the highest photosynthesis ability. The photosynthesis ability of ginseng leaves was significantly decreased in September than June and the decreasing rate was higher at the ginseng plants planted on back rows than front rows. In June, the ginseng plants grown under 10 to 15 percent light transparent shading showed high respiration amount but in September, those grown under 20 to 25% light transparent shading showed the highest respiration. The amount of chlorophyll of ginseng leaf was significantly decreased by increasing light transparent rate of shading.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

This study was conducted to compare the growth status of aerial parts, photosynthesis and microclimate between fixing light transmittance (Control) and changing light transmittance (C.L.T.) during ginseng growing seasons. Control showed 8％ light transmittance rate during growing seasons. But C.L.T. showed 18％ light transmittance rate during early (April-June) and late growth stage (September-October) and 6％ light transmittance rate middle growth stage(July-August). Air temperature, leaking water rate and soil water content of C.L.T. was higher than those of control during early and late growth stage. But Air temperature, leaking water rate and soil water content of C.L.T was lower than those of control during middle growth stage C.L.T. exhibited superiority in survival ratio, stem diameter, stem length, L.A.I. and stem angle compared to control. Chlorophyll content of C.L.T. was lower than that of control but S.L.W., stomatal opening and photosynthetic rates of C.L.T. was higher than those of control. Also Alternaria blight disease and defoliation of C.L.T. was lower than those of control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.1
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• pp.106-114
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• 2009

This present study was conducted to investigate photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll contents of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, Ligularia fischeri, Ligularia stenocephala growing under four different light intensity regimes (full sun, and 64~73%, 35~42%, 9~16% of full sun). Three wild vegetables showed good photosynthetic capacity in July. Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum showed best photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in 35~42% of full sun. But Ligularia fischeri and Ligularia stenocephala showed best photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in full sun and decreased as the shading level increaese. As the shading level increased, the total chlorophyll contents increased with a significant difference in three wild vegetables.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-29
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of light intensity and temperature on the photosynthesis and respiration of ginseng plant. Highly significant, second degree curvilinear regressions were recognized among the photosynthesis of ginseng leaves, light intensity and temperature. And an interaction between the effects of light intensity and temperature on the photosynthesis of ginseng leaves was found to be highly significant. The increasing rate of photosynthesis with the increase of light intensity was markedly decreased with increasing temperature. The light compensation point of ginseng leaves was significantly varied with temperature, and the average point was approximately 600 lux. The light saturation point of Korean ginseng was 11,000 lux at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ and around 9,500 lux at above $25^{\circ}C$. The decreasing rate of photosynthesis with the increase of temperature significantly increased with increasing light intensity. The optimum temperature for the photosynthesis of ginseng leaves was about 15 to $22^{\circ}C$ and markedly decreased with increasing light intensity. The highest photosynthesis occurred in ginseng leaves grown with the shade of 15% transmittance. The respiration of ginseng leaves increased with the shade of 5% and/or 30% transmittance. High temperature stimulated the respiration of ginseng leaves. Percent respiration to photosynthesis of ginseng leaves grown with the shade was increased at high temperature and decreased with increasing light Intensity. It was also increased with increasing transmittance. The maximum $CO_2$ absorption of ginseng leaves grown with the shade of 5Ps and ISVS transmittance accurred at 9 o'clock a.m., whereas that of 20% transmittance occurred at 7-9 o'clock a.m. The duration of $CO_2$ absorption was distinctively long with the shade of high transmittance. The $CO_2$ compensation point in the photosynthesis of ginseng leaves was 130 ppm.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum temperature and light intensity of photosynthesis and transmittance in the shade for better growth and root yield of ginseng. The 3-year-old ginseng plants grown under the shade of 5, 10 and 20% transmittance did not show any significant difference in the stem length, stem diameter, leaf area and root length. The root diameter markedly increased under the shade of 10% and 20% transmittance, and the root was the heaviest under the shade of 20% transmittance. The 6-year-old ginseng plants grown at 20% transmittance showed the largest root diameter but the root length was not influenced by transmittance. The root was heaviest in the shade of 20% transmittance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

The present study was conducted to investigate growth performance and ascorbic acid contents of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, Ligularia fischeri, and L. stenocephala growing under four different light intensity regimes (full sun, and 64~73%, 35~42%, 9~16% of full sun). The leaf area and total biomass of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum were highest in 35~42% of the full sun. However, the leaf area and total biomass were highest in 64~73% of the full sun in Ligularia fischeri, and L. stenocephala. The leaf thickness decreased with increasing shading in all three wild vegetables. The growth of root comparing to that of shoot decreased as shading increased, and as the result, the ratio of shoot biomass to root biomass increased. Ascorbic acid contents were higher in Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum than in Ligularia fischeri and L. stenocephala. Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum showed the highest contents of ascorbic acid in 35~42% of full sun. Whereas Ligularia fischeri and L. stenocephala showed the highest in 64~73% of full sun.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.196-200
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• 2004

This study was conducted to compare the root weight, yield, quality of fresh and red ginseng roots and crude saponin content in roots between fixing light transmittance(Control) and changing light transmittance(C.L.T.) during the ginseng growing seasons. The root weight in C.L.T. was higher than control by $35{\%}$ in early growth stage, $28{\%}$ in middle growth stage and $26{\%}$ in late growth stage in 6 years old ginseng plant. Root yield per 10a in C.L.T. was increased about $40{\%}$ as compared with that of control, also 1st and 2nd grade of fresh ginseng roots in C.L.T. was higher $(50.3{\%})$ compared with that $(12.9{\%})$ of control. The specific gravity of ginseng roots grown under the C.L.T. was exhibited the sig­nificant difference than control during the growing season in 4 and 6 years old ginseng plants. Red ginseng quality in C.L.T. was not only improved remarkably due to the increasement of heaven and earth grade red ginseng but also increased in crude saponin content than control. Therefore it needs to change the light transmittance(increasing light dur­ing low temperature periods and decreasing light during high temperature period) during the growing season for high yield and good qualities of ginseng roots.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2010

This present study was conducted to investigate photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll contents of Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Prunus leveilleana, Magnolia sieboldii, growing under four different light intensity regimes (full sun, and 64~73%, 35~42%, 9~16% of full sun). As result, Betula platyphylla var. japonica showed outstanding photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in full sun and showed low shade tolerance. Prunus leveilleana showed good photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in 64~73% or 35~42% of full sun and showed common shade tolerance. However, Magnolia sieboldii showed good photosynthetic capacity and apparent quantum yield in 35~42% of full sun, while the lowest in full sun. Magnolia sieboldii showed the highest shade tolerance compared to the other species. As the shading level increased, the total chlorophyll contents of all species increased with significant difference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.63-65
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• 2002

삶의 질을 향상시키기 위하여 파생된 온실가스의 배출은 건조한 기후를 만들어 사막화를 가중시키고 있다. 이러한 건조지대가 늘어감에 따라 계절적으로 불어오던 대륙의 먼지바람이 주기를 달리하면서 한반도를 위시한 주변국에 영향을 미치고 있다. 최근에 발생하는 극심한 황화현상도 바로 이 때문이다. 특히 대륙으로부터의 황사는 1-10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 정도의 미세먼지가 주종을 이루고 있기 때문에 온실 피복자재에 부착되어 투광율을 떨어뜨리고 있다. (중략)