• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.472-477
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• 2003

멸종위기종의 서식지를 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 해당 종의 서식 가능한 지역의 분포를 알아야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 GIS와 퍼지집합을 이용하여 산양(Nemorhaedus caudatus)의 서식지적합성모형을 개발하여 멸종 위기종의 서식지를 관리하기 위한 정보를 제공하는 것이다. 산양의 서식지적합성모형 개발을 위한 본 연구의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 산양 서식지 이용에 관한 기존 연구를 바탕으로 산양의 잠재적 서식지 환경변수를 분류하였으며, 분석 대상지의 산양 흔적 조사를 통해 서식지 환경변수의 재분류 및 x²검정(Chi-square test)을 통한 변수들의 유용성을 파악하고, 쌍체비교를 통한 환경변수별 가중치를 계산하였다. 둘째, 기존 부울논리(boolean logic)의 단점을 보완하기 위해 현장 조사의 결과를 바탕으로 퍼지논리(fuzzy logic)에 의한 산양 서식지의 각 환경변수별 주제도를 작성하고, 주제도들의 상관관계를 분석하여 상호 관련성이 높은 변수들의 중복을 피하였다. 셋째, 환경변수별 주제도와 변수별 가중치를 바탕으로 다기준평가기법(MCE, Multi-Criteria Evaluation)을 이용하여 분석대상지의 산양 서식지적합성모형을 개발하였다. 마지막으로, 개발된 서식지적합성모형의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 분석대상지 외부 지역을 대상으로 검증을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 분석대상지의 분류정확도는 서식가능성 0.5를 기준으로 93.94%의 매우 높은 분류정확도를 나타내었으며, 검증대상지에서는 95.74%의 분류정확도를 나타내어 본 모형의 분류정확도는 일관성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 전체 공원구역에서 서식가능성 0.5이상의 면적은 59%를 차지하였다.퇴적이 우세한 것으로 관측되었다.보체계의 구축사업의 시각이 행정정보화, 생활정보화, 산업정보화 등 다양한 분야와 결합하여 보다 큰 시너지 효과와 사용자 중심의 서비스 개선을 창출할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것을 기대해 본다.. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, ${\beta}$-glucan은 고용량일 때 직접적으로 또는 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 존재시에는 저용량에서도 복강 큰 포식세로를 활성화시킬 뿐 아니라, 탐식효율도 높임으로써 면역기능을 증진 시키는 것으로 나타났고, 그 효과는 crude ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.eveloped. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be simplified considering a steady state of the process. O

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.388-393
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• 2003

도시화 속도의 증가와 더불어 3차원 자료 획득의 출처가 다양해지연서, 도로 및 건물경계선과 같은 선형 GIS 정보에 대한 신속한 갱신 또한 요구되고 있다. 임의의 출처 자료로부터 대상 자료를 갱신하기 위해서는 가장 먼저 두 자료간의 위치 관계를 결정하여야 하며, 특히 영상정보와 같은 출처 자료와 GIS 자료와 같은 대상 자료간의 위치 관계를 결정하기 위하여 기존에 제시되어온 대부분의 방법들은 두 개 자료간의 관계를 정의 할 수 있는 기준정과 같은 정확한 점 정합 요소(point matching entities)를 요구하고 있다. 따라서 정확한 정합 요소들을 획득할 수 없는 경우 영상과 GIS 자료간의 위치 관계를 결정할 수 없을뿐더러 위치 관계 정립의 결과는 정합 요소들의 분포 및 정확도에 매우 의존하게 된다. 또한 이러한 점 정합 요소들을 정의하기 위해서는 대부분의 경우 수동적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영상 및 GIS 자료의 선형 정보를 이용하여 정확한 점 정합 요소들을 모르더라도 영상과 GIS 자료간의 위치 관계를 결정할 수 있는 기법을 제시하고자 한다. 사용된 알고리즘은 개선된 Hough 변환(Modified Hough Transform)을 기반으로 다수의 선형 정보 중에 정합되는 요소들을 자동으로 찾아내고 이들을 최소제곱법으로 풀이함으로써 두 데이터간의 기하학적 변환 관계를 결정하는 기법이다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 접근을 통해 데이터간의 기하학적 변환 관계를 결정한 후, 영상 상에는 존재하지만 GIS 자료에는 존재하지 않는 선형 정보에 대한 갱신 여부를 확인하고 갱신함으로써 3차원 위치 자료의 자동 생성에 대한 가능성을 제시하고자 한다.로 갈수록 퇴적이 우세한 것으로 관측되었다.보체계의 구축사업의 시각이 행정정보화, 생활정보화, 산업정보화 등 다양한 분야와 결합하여 보다 큰 시너지 효과와 사용자 중심의 서비스 개선을 창출할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것을 기대해 본다.. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, ${\beta}$-glucan은 고용량일 때 직접적으로 또는 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 존재시에는 저용량에서도 복강 큰 포식세로를 활성화시킬 뿐 아니라, 탐식효율도 높임으로써 면역기능을 증진 시키는 것으로 나타났고, 그 효과는 crude ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.eveloped. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be simplified considering a steady state of th

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.510-516
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• 2003

연안관리 정책을 결정하기 위해서는 다양한 정보의 수집과 이를 체계적으로 관리하고 분석할 수 있는 기법이 필요하다. 특히, 다양한 이해집단과 목적들이 상충하는 지역의 특성을 파악하기 위해서는 환경, 사회, 경제적인 기준 및 의사결정자의 가치체계가 반영될 수 있어야 하며, 선호도가 반영된 요소를 효율적으로 분석할 수 있어야 한다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 공간자료의 처리 및 분석이 용이한 GIS 환경에 다기준 분석법, 그 중에서도 AHP 모형을 결합하는 방법을 다루어 보았다. 분석과정을 살펴보면, 본 연구에서는 지역에 영향을 미치는 사회ㆍ경제적인 지표, 환경 지표를 정하였고, 이런 지표들의 데이터를 GIS라는 도구를 통하여 분석이 용이하도록 변환시켰다. 한편, 이 지역에 영향을 미치는 각 기준들의 중요성을 파악하여 의사결정자의 의견을 반영할 수 있도록 다기준 분석법의 하나인 AHP를 이용하여 가중치를 산정하였다. 다음으로, 다양한 출처의 자료를 표준화하여 GIS의 래스터 자료로 구축한 후, 가중치를 적용한 개별 레이어를 지도대수와 중첩분석을 이용하여 최종 결과 레이어를 생성하였다. 생성된 최종 결과 레이어 상의 공간의 대안인 각 셀 값을 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 이로 인한 결과는 연안의 유한한 자원과 공간의 다양한 이용상태를 관리하기 위한 해안과 육상의 정보를 제공할 수 있다. GIS와 다기준 분석을 통합함으로써 다양한 출처의 공간정보를 분석하고 연안의 현 상태를 밝힐 수 있다. 또한, 이것은 분석 결과가 단순하고 명확하게 설명되어 정책 결정자에게 유용한 정보를 제공할 뿐만 아니라, 이 정보를 이용하여 실질적인 연안관리계획을 수립하는데 도움이 된다.가능성 0.5이상의 면적은 59%를 차지하였다.퇴적이 우세한 것으로 관측되었다.보체계의 구축사업의 시각이 행정정보화, 생활정보화, 산업정보화 등 다양한 분야와 결합하여 보다 큰 시너지 효과와 사용자 중심의 서비스 개선을 창출할 수 있는 기반을 제공할 것을 기대해 본다.. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때, ${\beta}$-glucan은 고용량일 때 직접적으로 또는 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 존재시에는 저용량에서도 복강 큰 포식세로를 활성화시킬 뿐 아니라, 탐식효율도 높임으로써 면역기능을 증진 시키는 것으로 나타났고, 그 효과는 crude ${\beta}$-glucan의 추출조건에 따라 달라지는 것을 알 수 있었다.eveloped. Design concepts and control methods of a new crane will be introduced in this paper.and momentum balance was applied to the fluid field of bundle. while the movement of′ individual material was taken into account. The constitutive model relating the surface force and the deformation of bundle was introduced by considering a representative prodedure that stands for the bundle movement. Then a fundamental equations system could be sim

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2012

We investigated the various lithologies and zircon U-Pb ages of metasedimentary rocks from the Yeongheung-Seonjae-Daebu Islands, western Gyeonggi Massif, whose geologic and geochronologic features are poorly constrained in spite of their significance for tectonic interpretation. Major lithology consists of quartzites or meta-sandstones commonly alternating with semi-pelitic schists, together with lesser amounts of calcareous sandstones with matrix-supported quartzite clasts, calcareous schists, and pelitic schists. Pelitic schists uncommonly contain large porphyroblasts of garnet as well as quartz veins with large crystals of muscovite and andalusite or kyanite. SHRIMP U-Pb ages of detrital zircons from two analyzed metasandstones define four age populations: Neoarchean (~2.5 Ga), Paleoproterozoic (~2.0-1.5 Ga), Neoproterozoic (~1.1-0.7 Ga), and Early Paleozoic (~560-400 Ma). The youngest zircon ages are clustered at ~420 Ma. These results suggest that the deposition of meta-sandstones took place after the Silurian, possibly during the Devonian, and are analogous to those of the Taean Formation reported from the western part of the Gyeonggi Massif. Moreover, The age distribution patterns of detrital zircons and the Barrovian-type metamorphic facies of pelitic schists are similar to those reported from the Imjingang belt, suggesting that the Taean Formation likely corresponds to southwestward extension of the Imjingang Belt.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2018

The South China Sea (SCS) is a typical marginal sea characterized with the deep basin, shelf break, shallow shelf, many straits, and complex bathymetry. This study investigated the tidal characteristics and propagation, and reproduced typhoon-induced storm surge in this region using the regional real-time tide-surge model, which was based on the unstructured grid, resolving in detail the region of interest and forced by tide at the open boundary and by wind and air pressure at the surface. Typhoon Haiyan, which occurred in 2013 and caused great damage in the Philippines, was chosen as a case study to simulate typhoon's impact. Amplitudes and phases of four major constituents were reproduced reasonably in general, and the tidal distributions of four constituents were similar to the previous studies. The modelled tide seemed to be within the acceptable levels, considering it was difficult to reproduce the tide in this region based on the previous studies. The free oscillation experiment results described well the feature of tide that the diurnal tide is prevailing in the SCS. The tidal residual current and total energy dissipation were discussed to understand the tidal and sedimentary environments. The storm-surge caused by typhoon Haiyan was reasonably simulated using this modeling system. This study established the regional real-time barotropic tide/water level prediction system for the South China Sea including the seas around the Philippines through the validation of the model and the understanding of tidal characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.120
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• pp.344-354
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• 2007

Estuarine wetlands for 33 watersheds in the Han River estuary were delineated on topographic maps from the 1910s, 1970s, and 2000s. Then, these data were used to address the issue of spatial distribution and temporal variation. Watershed characteristics such as drainage density, location, watershed size, slope, and elevation were identified for each watershed to determine the relationship between watershed characteristics and spatial distribution of estuarine wetlands. The analysis of estuarine wetlands indicated that wetlands in the estuary had declined gradually between the 1910s and the 1970s, although most wetlands were lost since the 1970s mainly caused by the large development projects related to urban expansion in metropolitan Seoul. The sediment composition and formation processes of the wetlands differed with watershed location; mud flats dominate in the lower part of the estuary, and relatively more sandy and emergent-plant wetlands occur near the main channel and tributaries of the Han River. Relatively more estuary wetlands occur in large watersheds, which have high slopes and low elevations. Estuarine wetlands have been lost dramatically in the densely populated watershed regions (i.e., Han River Seoul, Han River Goyang, West Han River), while relatively more wetlands have remained in undeveloped regions, including the Lower Imjin River and Lower Han River. In particular, anthropogenic disturbance has played an important role in the loss of wetland through the conversion of wetland into agricultural and developed land.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.587-595
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• 2017

Hydraulic characteristics affecting sediment transport capacity due to the weir operations were investigated and developed sediment rating curves for four gaging stations (Nakdong, Gumi, Waegwan, and Jindong) in Nakdong River. Analysis found that the sediment transportaion capability had been decreased and it could be proved from the field measurement records in 2013. Applicabilities of nine sediment transport prediction techniques, which are imbeded in GUIDE program, were examined and adopted for the four gaging stations. Analysis of sediment balance for Nakdong River, including 9 major tributaries, had been carried out with pseudo 2-D numerical model and found that: 1) sedimentation phenomena will be prevailed along the Nakdong River. 2) Engelund-Hansen technique shows the least error in estimation of sediment balance. 3) Engelund-Hansen technique most appropriately describes the sediment characteristics for four gaging stations. 4) Estimated error from the sediment balance for Nakdong River was smaller than the error caused by the estimation of sediment incomming from 9 tributries. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the accuracy of predicting the sediment incomming from the tributaties for better sediment balance analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.149-153
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• 2003

This study was conducted to survey the utilization possibility of composting system of small scale static pile with animal manure produced from cattle shed and the effect of addition of microorganism on the maturity of compost. Microorganisms added in composting substrate were bacteria+lactobacillus(BL)+photo.(BLP). The composting practiced was a windrow system without aeration equipment and turning was practiced periodically. The water content of substrate mixed with cow manure, rice husk, and sawdust was about 60%. The temperature during the composting process was increased at over $60^{\circ}C$ within 3 days after composting starting. Increase of temperature at the early stage of composting was fasten in BLP and BL than Control. Because the pH of the raw material was high, the changes of pH during composting was little and stabilized in weak alkaline condition. EC value was high for accumulation of manure and urine excreted continuously by animal and the changes of those during composting occurred in 5~10% increase. Reduction rates of C/N ratio were the largest as the 22.7% in BLP and 19.2and 17.5% in BL and Control respectively. In the evaluation of phytotoxicity, there was stabilized within the short time in BLP and not the difference between BL and Control. Treatment of animal manure produced from small scale cattle shed was possible by using the small scale static pile composting system with reasonable water content and turning and the addition of microorganism in composting substrate was effected on the temperature increase at the early stage of composting and reduction of plant toxicity compounds but little on the maturity of compost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

Dissolved /sup 137/Cs, /sup 239.240/Pu, /sup 238/Pu and /sup 90/Sr contents in winter and spring of the Yellow Sea were determined to describe the distribution of artificial radionuclides. Surface water samples (100 liter) were collected by using a submerged pump, and subsurface samples (>10m depth) were collected using a 10L Niskin water sampler mounted to the Rosette sampler. The levels in the surface water ranged between 1.78～3.38 mBq kg/sup -1/ for /sup 137/Cs, 2.17～13.35 μBq kg/sup -1/ for /sup 239,240/Pu, and 1.97～3.96 mBq kg/sup -1/ for /sup 90/Sr, respectively. In particular, the concentration of /sup 239.240/Pu were 1/10 of those in the vicinity of Changjiang estuary (61～83 μBq kg/sup -1/). The difference of /sup 238.240/Pu concentration between surface and bottom water was <3.0 μBq kg/sup -1/in the Yellow Sea. It suggests that in the Yellow Sea which has shallow and high suspended sediments, /sup 239.240/Pu is preferentially removed from the water columm. The water column inventory of /sup 239.240/Pu in the Yellow Sea constitute about 0.7～0.9 % of the estimated fallout input to the area. The activity ratios of /sup 239.240/Pu//sup 137/Cs and /sup 137/Cs//sup 90/Sr ranged between 0.001～0.005, 0.79～1.65, respectively, and similar to those of open ocean which global fallout is the only source of artificial radionuclides. Therefore, it suggests that most of these artificial radionuclides in the Yellow Sea may be controlled by the atmospheric input.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.727-738
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• 1998

Seasonal species composition of fishery resources was determined using samples collected by a stow net from April 1995 through January 1996 at 9 stations off Youngkwang. Catch data obtained from a set net using strong tidal current could be used for a quantitative analysis of dominant species. Of the 98 species identified, assemblages were consisted of $52.0\%$ in fishes, $44.6\%$ in shrimps, $2.0\%$ in cephalopods, $1.4\%$ in crabs and <$0.1\%$ in gastropods. Thryssa kammalensis, Crangon hakodatei, Metapenaeus joynezi and Johnius grypotus predominated in abundance, consisting of $68\%$ in the number of individuals, The abundance and species composition fluctuated seasonally, and species could be distinguished by life history pattern with seasons. Seasonal variation in species composition was greater than the spatial variation in a sampling period, As the fine sediment was predominated in the study area, the species composition were significantly different from those of other coastal waters of West Sea, Korea.