• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

Horizontal distributions and their ecotoxicological implications relating to organochlorine compounds (OCs) were determined in surface sediments sampled from the West Nakdong River. The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in surface sediments were in the range of 0.57-3.68, 0.41-8.35, 0.63-1.65, and n.d.-0.56 ng/g, respectively. DDTs represent the major OC in the West Nakdong River. Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs correlate with the total organic carbon (PCBs: r=0.874, p<0.001, and DDTs: r=0.762, p<0.05, respectively), indicating that organic content in the sediments is one of the major factors for influencing horizontal distribution of the organochlorine compounds in this river. Examining the potential poisonous character of the surface sediments to benthic organisms according to the sediment quality guideline (SQG), set out by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), we found that the concentrations of total PCBs, p,p'-DDD, and ${\gamma}$-HCH were lower than the effects range-low (ER-L) and the probable effects level (PEL). As a result, it is considered that the effect of organochlorines in the region considered on benthic organisms is very low from the perspective of environmental toxicology. However, in terms of the Canadian SQC, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, and total DDTs, respectively, exceeded the interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQG) and the threshold effect level (TEL) in 30%, 17%, and 19%, respectively, of the sediment samples analyzed.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.16-24
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• 2007

An investigation on the polluted sediments in the Lake Sihwa and the benthos that inhabited on the sediments was conducted. Cost effective remediation alternatives were derived form the results of the investigation. The sediment samples taken from four sampling points out of thirteen showed relatively high heavy metal (particularly copper) concentrations which exceeded the Effects Range Low (ERL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA. The four sampling points were located in front of industrial complexes. Although the heavy metals appeared to have affected the growth of the benthos, the concentration of it did not exceed the criteria of dredging that were developed by Netherlands or the State of Washington, USA. However, contamination by organic matters and sulfur compounds was severe, which exceeded the criteria of dredging that were established in Japan. The sediments taken from the four sampling points which were contaminated with heavy metals showed higher organic matter content in general. The organic matters in the sediments depleted oxygen in summer, which appeared to be fatal to the benthos. A comprehensive analysis on the sediments, benthos, and other environmental impact from the contaminated sediments drew a conclusion that the benthonic environment of the Lake Sihwa needed a stepwise remediation, giving a particular emphasis on the clean up of the sediments upstram of the Lake which could cause odor problems to the nearby residential area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.1 s.28
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

Particle materials sink in bottom and dissolved inorganic substances release from sediment and many kinds of materials continuously exchange in sediment and water column as well as transfer and transformation in sediment. The study of sediment quality means the state of sediment pollution relation of the water quality, sediment biota, materials fluxes between sediment and water column, transformation of materials in sediment is being important in recent. The state of sediment quality imply that the history of water pollution for long time, because the sediment quality does not change temporally. The sediment quality of bottom water can be used as a good indicator of pollution at present and in future. The major index of sediment qualities are the content of nutrients and hazard materials such as metals, Ignition Loss (IL), Total Sulfur (TS), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), sediment COD, color, odor and the release of nutrients from sediment. However, there are some arguments between researchers about compare to estimation of sediment quality and sampling and analysis of sediment. In this study, I will introduce the method of sediment sampling, analyzing and estimating of the sediment pollution.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2008

A series of experiments were conducted to find standard test organisms and to develop test protocols for sediment toxicity tests using indigenous amphipods inhabited in Korean coastal environments. The indigenous amphipods Mandibulophoxus mai and Monocorophium acherusicum were well associated with various sediment substrates from sand to mud. The tolerance limits to various physico-chemical factors affecting bioassay results such as temperature, salinity and total ammonium as well as the sensitivities to contaminants in water and sediments were investigated using M. mai and M. acherusicum in the present study. These amphipods were tolerable to the adequate ranges of salinity ($10{\sim}30\;psu$), temperature ($10{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) and ammonia (<50 ppm). They have relevant sensitivities to the reference toxicants, dissolved cadmium as well as other metals and organic pollutants, when compared to the standard test species used in other countries. Field-sediment toxicity tests revealed that M. mai would be more sensitive to sediment-associated pollutants than M. acherusicum, while the sensitivity of M. acherusicum was comparable to those of other sediment test species in other countries. Overall results of this first attempt to develop an amphipod sediment toxicity test protocol in Korea indicated that M. mai and M. acherusicum should be applicable in the toxicity assessment of contaminated sediments, following the further evaluation encompassing various ecological and toxicological evaluation and the standardization of test method.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.377-389
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• 2020

In this study, pollution characteristics were investigated for the Andong Dam sediments in the Nakdong River. Sediment samples were collected from the middle, left, and right points of the lake up to 40km upstream of the Andong Dam at intervals of about 5km by stratification and turnover period. In the case of nutrients and total organics such as loss of ignition, total nitrogen, and phosphorus, the degree of contamination is low, but heavy metals of arsenic and cadmium is very high. The contamination level of sediments in the dam area is higher than that of the branch of river and the control group, and concentration of chromium, copper, and lead are higher in the stratification period, and that of zinc is higher in turnover period. Arsenic, cadmium, manganese, and zinc showed contamination variation between upstream and downstream but chromium, copper, mercury, iron and lead didn't show the variation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.30-38
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• 1997

고속도로변에 설치된 retention pond는 drainage system의 일부분으로 우기에 빗물의 양을 조절하고 고속도로 노면에서 운반되어 retention pond에 유입된 오염된 입자를 침전, 제거시키기 위해 설치되었다. 빗물에 입자상태로 이동된 납, 아연, 카드뮴를 제거하기 위해 설치된 retention pond의 효과를 평가하기 위해 수리지질학적 연구 및 부유퇴적물의 물리화학적 특징을 규명하기 위한 연구가 수행되었다. 부유퇴적물과 비교하기 위해 심하게 오염된 roadside soil과 오염되지 않은 background soil에 대해서도 연구가 수행되었다. 부유퇴적물의 중금속함량은 background Sologne soil에 비해 원소에 따라 2-8배 높다. 그러나, roadside soil의 중금속함량은 부유퇴적물에 비해 7-26배 높다. Sequential extraction methods를 이용하여 분석한 결과 심하게 오염된 roadside soil에 존재하는 납, 아연, 카드뮴은 대부분 쉽게 용해될 수 있는 상태 (Fraction FII, FIII)로 존재하며 반면에 규산염광물과 수반되는 금속함량의 비율은 매우 낮다. 부유퇴적물에서는 규산염광물과 수반되는 금속함량이 전체 금속함량의 1/3까지 크게 증가한다. Roadside soil 과 부유퇴적물사이의 중금속함량 차이가 매우 큰 것은 중금속의 대부분이 retention pond에 이르기 전에 고속도로변과 배수로 일부에 축적되어 모두 상실하기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the current condition of harbor sediments and to estimate biochemical methane potentials from the harbor sediments. Sediment samples were collected from 10 different sampling sites. Ignition loss, elemental analyses, X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF) tests were conducted to determine characteristics of the sediment. All sediments had similar elemental compositions and ignition loss were 8~10%. From the conventional BMP tests for 5 samples, cumulative methane production ranged from 11.9~15.5mL methane/(g of volatile solids), which were significantly lower than that for foods and paper. However, methane production rates for sediments were 5 to 20 times faster than those for foods and paper.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.3 s.172
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• pp.247-260
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• 2005

Extractable concentrations (0.1 N & 1.0 N HCI) of heavy metals in roadside sediments are lower than guidelines for soil recommended by Ministry of Environment. Heavy traffic areas (such as No. 7 national road) show high contents of heavy metals, especially, at curved areas, gully pot, crackdown areas on overspeed, pedestrian crossing etc. Fine fractions $(<63\;{\mu}m)$ of roadside sediments have the highest concentrations of heavy metals, but mass loadings of heavy metal are determined by coarse fractions $(>100{\mu}m)$, due to washing out of fine fraction sediment by runoff water. Proper treatment facilities are needed to control the inflow of fine roadside sediments from No. 7 national road and bridge such as Hanmul bridge.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.196-199
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2012

In order to evaluate die geochemical characteristics of sediment in a semi-enclosed bay used as shellfish and fish farming area, the concentrations of metallic(V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co. Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Hg, Ph, As) and non-metallic(P, Se) elements and uranium were measured in the surface sediment samples collected from 19 stations of Gamak Bay in April 2010. Metal contamination status in the sediments were also evaluated using the sediment quality guidelines(SQGs) proposed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) and the enrichment factor(EF). The concentrations of elements in sediment were mainly controlled by quartz-dilution effect(V, Cr, Fe, Co and Ni), the dilution effect of organic matter(Cd and U), and metal redistribution by the decomposition of organic matter(Mn, Ag, As, and Se). The concentrations of metals, except As and Ni, in sediments from all sampling stations were lower than ERL values of NOAA. Conclusively, the surface sediment of Gamak Bay was slightly polluted with Ni, Ag, Cd, and Cd but was not polluted with other elements on the basis of EF results. Our results suggest that the surface sediment in Gamak Bay is not polluted by metallic elements.