• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to determine effects of and a proper level of barley malt sprouts(BMS) addition as well as to develop an effective fermentation method when broiler litter(BL) was ensiled or deepstacked with 0 to 10% levels of BMS. Mixtures were ensiled or deepstacked for one month and physico-chemical analyses were made between before and after treatments. Addition of BMS up to 10% enhanced nutritional quality of either of ensiled or deepstacked BL mixtures. Especially, the quantity and quality of protein were improved with the addition of BMS to BL. However, the still high pH values after ensiling of various mixtures indicated that anaerobic fermentation did not effectively occur with the addition of up to 10% of BMS to BL and consideration of fermentation aids appeared to be necessary. For deepstacking, addition of BMS to BL increased internal peak temperature(from 56 to $70^{\circ}C$) of the stack, indicating that the added BMS to BL stimulated the degradative activity of fermentative microorganisms. The deepstacking method was more effective than the ensiling method for the manufacture of hygienical fred mixture with BL and BMS.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.19 no.4 s.50
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 2006

This work carried out to analyze the physicochemical properties and investigate the assessment of heavy metal contamination of stream sediments of the Yudeung and the Gab streams in the Daejeon area. The pH of stream sediments of the Yudeung stream shows the range of weak acid and weak alkaline. Most of stream sediments contain about 80% sand grain and have low water and cation retention capacity. Hence the stream sediments are not suitable fur various plans to grow up. The analysis of heavy metals in the stream sediments shows that the concentration of Pb, Cr and Cd increases from upstream to down stream. It is likely that the trend has a relationship with the water. Contamination of stream water. The authors recommend that clay materials be replenished in the stream sediments to increase the self-purification capacity and to make the suitable condition for growing up of various plants, and that water quality of the stream which can Influence into the contamination of stream sediments be monitored.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2008

This paper proposed an environmental standard far beneficial use of dredged materials currently considered as waste materials. In Korea, even though chemical analysis of sediments are carried out frequently, their analysis results were not interrelated with the effects of biological lives due to a shortage of data, which may result in difficulty to develope Korean standards for reusing dredged materials. For these, this paper first searched existing foreign standards, analyzed local contaminated sediment data, identified their main components of contaminations and then compared clean-up standards of sediments consisting of lower and higher level. From these analyses new environmental standards considering Korean domestic circumstances are proposed. It is judged that newly proposed standards are appropriate in terms of both Korean national sedimental environments and economical recycling aspects because environmental standard levels proposed are higher than background level of sediments in Korea and foreign country's standards, where many experiences and environmental monitoring works have been already performed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.311-323
• /
• 2007

The Yellow and East China seas received a vast amount of sediment $(>10^9ton/yr)$, which comes mainly from the Changjiang and Huanghe rivers of China and the Korean rivers. However, there are still no direct sedimentological-geochemical indicators, which can distinguish these two end-members (Korean and Chinese river sources) in these seas. The purpose of this study is to provide the potential geochemical-tracers enabling these river materials to be identified within the sediment load of the Yellow and East China seas. The compositions of major elements (Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ca, Na, and Ti) of Chinese and Korean river sediments were analyzed. To minimize the grain-size effect, furthermore, bulk sediments were separated into two groups, silt $(60-20{\mu}m)$ and clay $(<20{\mu}m)$ fractions, and samples of each fraction were analyzed for major and strontium isotope $(^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr)$ compositions. In this study, Fe/Al and Mg/Al ratios in bulk sediment samples, using a new Al-normalization procedure, are suggested as an excellent tool for distinguishing the source of sediments in the Yellow and East China seas. This result is clearly supported by the concentrations of these elements in silt and clay fraction samples. In silt fraction samples, Korean river sediments have much higher $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratio $(0.7229{\sim}0.7253)$ than Chinese river sediments $(0.7169{\sim}0.7189)$, which suggests the distribution pattern of $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios as a new tracer to discriminate the provenance of shelf sediments in the Yellow and East China seas. On the basis of these geochemical tracers, clay fractions of southeastern Yellow Sea mud (SEYSM) patch may be a mixture of two sediments originated from Korea and China. In contrast, the geochemical compositions of silt fractions are very close to that of Korea river sediments, which indicates that the silty sediments of SEYSM are mainly originated from Korean rivers.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.135-141
• /
• 2001

A paleomagnetic investigation was carried out to analyze magnetostratigraphic information and to evaluate the relationship between paleoenvironment and magnetic properties in sedimentary sequences of piston cores recovered from the abyssal basin of the southwestern Pacific. Pateomagnetic results revealed that the sediments had a stable remanent magnetization and recorded both normal and reversal polarities. The age of sediments was from late Pliocene and Pleistocene determined by matching the polarities with the geomagnetic time scale. The sedimentation rates were in the range of 0.63-1.85 mm/$10^3$ year which were extremely low rates. The results of the paleomagnetic analyses indicated that intervals of the magnetically stable layers as well as high value of susceptibility were significantly affected by the input changes which resulted input of large-quantity materials of relatively stable magnetic carriers.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.208-222
• /
• 2001

Geochemical investigations on suspended amorphous iron oxide material from the Kwangyang gold mine and its surrounding area, Cheonnam, Korea have been carried out. The sediments samples were collected from 11 location along Kwangyang mine area and were air dried and sieved to -80 mesh. These samples consist mainly of iron, silicon and alumina. The Fe$_2$O$_3$ contents ranges from 17.9 wt.% to 72.3 wt.%. The content of Fe$_2$O$_3$ increase with decreasing Si, Al, Mg, Na, K, Mn, and Ti, whereas the contents of Te, Au, Ga, Bi, Cd, Hg, Sb, and Se increase in the amorphous stream sediments. Amorphous stream sediments have been severely enriched for As (up to 54.9 ppm), Bi (up to 3.77 ppm), Cd (up to 3.65 ppm), Hg (up to 64 ppm), Sb (up to 10.1 ppm), Cu (up to 37.1 ppm), Mo (up to 8.86 ppm), Pb (up to 9.45 ppm) and Zn (up to 29.7 ppm). At the upstream site, the Au content (up to 4.4 ppm) in the amorphous stream sediments are relatively high but those contents decrease with distance of mine location. The content of Ag (up to 0.24 ppm) were low in upstream site but those contents increase significantly in the downstream sites. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples have virtually no sharp and discrete peaks, indicating that some samples are amorphous or poorly-ordered. The quartz, goethite, kaolinite and illite were associated in amorphous stream sediments. The infrared spectra for amorphous stream sediments show major absorption bands due to OH stretching, adsorbed molecular water, sulfate and Fe-O stretching, respectively.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.229-240
• /
• 1993

This study investigated the behaviour of sulfur species after the early diegenetic reduction of sulfate from pore solution in an anoxic intertidal flat deposit in the Banweol area of Kyeong-gi Bay, west coast of Korea. A total of seven sediment cores were collected during 1990∼1992 and were analyzed for their solid-phase sulfur species (acid-volatile sulfur, element sulfur, pyrite sulfur) as well as for chemical components in the pore solution, such as sulfate, ammonium, hydrogen sulfide, phosphate and Fe ion. The pore water sulfate oncentration was found to decrease rapidly downward from the sediment surface, while that of hydrogen sulfide, ammonium and phosphate showed and increase. The dissolved iron concentration in pore water, on the other hand, was found high in the surface layer of sediment, but fell sharply below this layer. these characteristic profiles of pore water sulfide and iron concentrations suggest that some reaction occurs between dissolved iron and sulfide ions, leading to the formation of various sulfide minerals in the sedimentary phase. The amount of inorganic sulfur species in the sediment increased downward, and showed a maximum of up to 7.9 mg/g. among the three species analyzed, acid-volatile sulfur (AVS) was dominant comprising more than 50% of the total. The amount of pyrite sulfur was greater than that of element sulfur. This implies that the formation of pyrite was restricted in this environment. the limited amount of element sulfur in this deposit may have discouraged the active formation of pyrite.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2003

$^{31}$ /P NMR and XRD have been used to study the mineralogical compositions and the phosphorus species in marine sediments near Wolsung nuclear power plant. The core samples with 30cm depth were investigated and no mineralogical changes have been found. The studied marine sediments were composed of quartz, albite, microcline, calcite, and some clay minerals such as illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite. Only orthophosphate-monoester and very small amount of ortho-phosphate-diester were identified as phosphorus species in the studied sample, different from the species reported in other countries. These phosphorus species are mainly from organisms and was exposed to the oxic conditions. The consistent mineralogical compositions as well as the same phosphorus species throughout the entire core samples indicate that the constant oxic condition was kept without any changes in sedimentary conditions or the sediments were deposited with different sedimentary conditions, but later they were disturbed by other activities and exposed to the surface oxic conditions continuously.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.126-134
• /
• 2001

Several angular sandstone fragments (about 7 cm in longest diameter) occur in two piston cores, obtained from the submarine trough in the northeastern part of Korea Strait. The origin of the sandstone fragments and the paleoenvironment of trough sediment could be suggested from sedimentary facies analysis of cores and identification of ostracod within sandstone fragments. Echo characteristics around two core sites in submarine trough represent the prolonged bottom echoes with diffuse or no subbottom reflectors. The cores consist of a lower bioturbated mud and an upper gravelly sand sediments with sandstone/shell fragments. The bioturbated mud sediments show low water contents (27-44%) and high shear strength (19.2->37 kPa) compared with those of Holocene sediments (60-219% and 1.0-2.7 kPa, respectively) in the inner shelf and continental slope. However, clay contents (48-56%) of the bioturbated mud sediments are similar to those of fluviatile Holocene sediments in the inner shelf. The mean grain size of gravelly sand sediments ranges from 2.3 to 3.0 ${\phi}$ and shows coarsening upward with sandstone/shell fragments. The Holocene palimpsest in the continental shelf are composed of muddy sand sediments or sandy mud sediments (mean grain size: 4.6-7.6 ${\phi}$). Those suggest that two core sediments might be formed from Paleofluvial and paleocoastal deposits during sea-level lowstand. However, sandstone fragments mainly consist of quartz grains and bioclasts, with carbonate matrix, hollow pore, and glauconite. Two extinct ostracod species, Normanicythere sp. and Kotoracythere sp., are recovered in the sand-stone fragments of core EP-7, and they continued to exist from late Pliocene to early Pleistocene in cold water environment of this area. Thus, the sandstone fragments are interpreted to be formed at the paleocoastal environment derived from the Plio-Pleistocene outcrops exposed around the submarine trough during the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) period.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.481-486
• /
• 2020

To evaluate geochemical characteristics of surface sediments in Samcheok Port, the distribution characteristics of particle sizes, organic matters and heavy metals were investigated. The sediments showed a mixed property of sand, silt, and clay, however fine-grains dominated at the inner port and coarse-grains dominated at the outer port. The organic (COD, TOC, and IL) contamination of the sediment at the inner port were higher than that of the outer port, and the concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus at the inner port was higher than those of the outer port. Also, heavy metals contamination of surface sediments at the inner port was higher than those of the outer port (except for As). From the results of high organic matter concentrations and C/N ratio at the inner port, it is considered that the contamination of organic matters was mainly derived from the land. The correlation analysis among the particle size, chemical composition, and heavy metals resulted in high correlation between silt-clay and heavy metals, and between organic matters and heavy metals. The sequential extraction results of heavy metals showed the sum of exchangeable, carbonate, and oxide fractions of Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and As were 14.8, 49.8, 39.1, 32.2, 51.8 and 26.6%, respectively.