• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.321-325
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• 1998

Most of the patients with pain resulting from advanced cancer need opioid for adequate analgesia. Various Methods of drug administration to control the pain have been developed. One of them, continuous administration of intravenous morphine is used for more effective pain control in the patient with severe pain that cannot be satisfactorily controlled by other Methods of morphine administration. But this is not a suitable method at home because of the possibility of serious infectious complications and the difficulty in managing intravenous access by untrained personnel. Continuous subcutaneous adminstration of drugs can not only overcome such disadvantages of continuous intravenous infusion but also get almost the same effect of pain control as continuous intravenous infusion, and allows opportunity to move freely and return home, improving quality of life. We used continuous subcutaneous morphine and metoclopramide in the patients with cancer pain via a portable PCA device, and accomplished satisfactory pain relief without significant side effect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.498-507
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) education on pain, patient attitude, and patient satisfaction in surgical patients. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental research design. The participants were 54 patients who were admitted for surgery at I hospital in G city, Korea. Of the 54 patients, 26 were assigned to the experimental group and the rest to the control group. The PCA education was provided in the nurses' station, individually to patients in the experimental group the day before their operation. Multimedia and brochure, and a real PCA model were used. The control group received only verbal education about PCA. Results: The postoperative pain scores were significantly different for lapse of time in the experimental group compare to the control group. Patient attitude toward using pain medicine was significantly more positive in the experimental group than in the control group. The postoperative patient satisfaction with pain management was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that preoperative PCA education could be an effective nursing intervention for pain management of surgical patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of the provision of concrete information about patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in hysterectomy patients. Methods: Study design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre- and post-test design. Sixty subjects participated were assigned to experimental group (30 patients) or control group (30 patients) at one university hospital. Concrete information about PCA was composed of three sections: explanation with a leaflet, practice of using PCA, and question and answer session. Results: The experimental group who received concrete information about PCA before surgery had statistically higher knowledge level about PCA, more positive attitude toward pain control analgesia, a lower pain score, and a higher satisfaction level of the use of PCA post-surgery compared to the control group who received general information before surgery. Conclusion: Provision of concrete information about PCA was an effective nursing intervention that reduced post-operative pain for patients and increased their satisfaction with using PCA. It is recommended that concrete information about PCA be provided by nurses to promote the use of PCA and consequently reduce patient's pain post-surgery.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.39-43
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• 2010

The flow regulators we widely use have some disadvantages. They have a constant flow within each regulator and an inaccuracy with extruding capillary. In this study, we have developed a new type of regulator which was made up of two different capillary tubes overlapped each other. The developed regulator can vary and control the amount of flow. The design parameters of the developed regulator are obtained by using the analytical software. We have proved that the developed regulator can control flow properly through making a trial product and experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 2020

As the elderly population increases, the incidence of lumbar fusion is increasing, and there has been increasing interest in rapid rehabilitation and functional recovery after surgery. Enhanced recovery after surgery program and multimodal pain control methods can reduce the complications and allow rapid recovery. Various methods have been used to increase the fusion.

• The Academic Congress of Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2006

견봉 쇄골 관절의 관절염 변화 및 골 용해로 인한 통증 및 기능제한은 보존적 치료를 원칙으로 하며, 보존적 치료에 실패하거나, 활동량이 많은 경우 운동선수일 경우 수술적 치료를 고려할 수 있다. 어떤 방법의 치료를 선택하던 간에 이전의 운동 범위를 얻고 통증없이 근력 및 기능회복을 할 수 있어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 잘 조절된 재활치료를 시행하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing the rescue medication decisions for breakthrough cancer patients and evaluate treatments using the factors. Methods: Based on the results of an online survey conducted by the Korean Society of Hospice and Palliative Care from September 2014 through December 2014, we assessed the level of agreement on nine factors influencing rescue medication preference. The same factors were used to evaluate oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, oral oxycodone and intravenous morphine. Results: Agreed by 77 physicians, a rapid onset of action was the most important factor for their decision of rescue medication. Other important factors were easy administration, strong efficacy, predictable efficacy and less adverse effects. Participants agreed that intravenous morphine produced a rapid onset of action and strong and predictable efficacy and cited difficulty of administration and adverse effects as negative factors. Oral oxycodone was desirable in terms of easy administration and less adverse effects. However, its onset of action was slower than intravenous morphine. While many agreed to easy administration of oral transmucosal fentanyl lozenge, the level of agreement was low for strength and predictability of its efficacy, long-term durability and sleep improvement. Conclusion: Rapid onset of action is one of the important factors that influence physicians' selection of rescue medication. Physicians' assessment of rescue medication differed by medication.

• 대한치과마취과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2001

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, $30{\mu}l$), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, $30{\mu}l$ of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.256-262
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• 1999

Because chronic pain disorder may has multiple causes or contributing factors, including physical, psychological, and socio-environmental variables, the treatment of patients with the disorder requires biopsychosocial approaches in a multidisciplinary setting. In treating chronic pain, it is important to address functioning as well as pain, and treatment should be to increase functional capacity and manage the pain as opposed to curing it. Therefore treatment goal should be adaptation to pain or minimizing pain with corresponding greater functioning. Treatment begins with the initial assessment, which includes evaluation of psychophysiologic mechanisms, operant mechanisms, and overt psychiatric comorbidity. Psychiatric treatment of the patients requires adherence to sound pharmacologic and behavioral principles. There are four categories of drugs useful to psychiatrist in the management of chronic pain patients : 1) narcotic analgesics, 2) nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 3) psychotropic medications, and 4) anticonvulsants, but antidepressants are the most valuable drugs in pharmnacotherpy for them. Psychological treatments tend to emphasize behavioral and cognitive-behavioral modalities, which are divided into self-management techniques and operant techniques. Psychodynamic and insight-oriented therapies are indicated to some patients with long-standing interpersonal dysfunction or a history of childhood abuse.