• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2009

There are debates about whether peripherally induced movement disorders exist. We report a case of upper limb tremor induced by peripheral nerve injury. A 20-year-old male patient presented with pain and tremor of the left upper extremity, 2 days after a car accident. Magnetic resonance images of the brain and cervical spine were normal. His past medical history was unremarkable and there were no family members with symptoms of movement disorders. He suffered from an aggravating tremor for about 10 minutes, four to six times a day. We treated the patient with medication, epidural infusion, cervical nerve root block and trigger point injection of the trapezius muscle. The pain subsided 50% and the incidence of tremor attacks was reduced to once or twice a day. The role of peripheral trauma in the genesis of movement disorders has not been generally accepted. It is unclear whether peripheral trauma can induce dystonia and other movement disorders. It has been proposed that peripheral trauma can alter sensory input and induce cortical and subcortical reorganization that generates a movement disorder. Some studies provide evidence for central reorganization following peripheral injury.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.71-93
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of atrophy of the multifidus and psoas major, of pain and disability with chronic low back pain in private guard and security. For 42 patients diagnosed with CLBP, and divided into spinal stabilization exercise group(SSEG) and general spinal strengthening exercise group(GSSEG). Each exercise was conducted for 10 weeks. Pain and disability were measured before and after exercise using the Visual analogue scale(VAS) and the Oswestry disability index(ODI). Cross section area(CSA) of both the left and right multifidus and the psoas major at the upper end plate of L4 were measured before and after exercise using computed tomography(CT). After 10 weeks of exercise, the both group's pain and lumbar disability were significantly decreased(p<0.01). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, the CSA of the left and right multifidus and posas major were significantly increased as compared to the pre-exercise in both group(p<0.01). But SSEG's cross sectional areas of multifidus was more significantly increase than GSSEG(p<0.05). In summary, Spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving atrophy in private guard and security patients, in reducing patients' pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.445-452
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• 2015

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers a low-intensity direct current to the cortical areas, thereby facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This study was designed to examine the changes in various sensory functions after tDCS. A single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial was conducted to determine the effect of a single session (August 4 to August 29) of tDCS with the current perception threshold (CPT) in 50 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed in relation to the median sensory and motor nerves on the dominant hand to discriminate peripheral nerve lesions. The subjects received anodal tDCS with 1mA for 15 minutes under two different conditions, with 25 subjects in each group. The conditions were as follows: tDCS on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and sham tDCS on DLPFC. The parameters of the CPT was recorded with a Neurometer$^{(R)}$ at frequencies of 2000, 250 and 5 Hz in the dominant index finger to assess the tactile sense, fast pain and slow pain, respectively. In the test to measure the CPT values of the DLPFC in the anodal tDCS group, the values increased significantly in all of 250 and 5 Hz. All CPT values decreased for the sham tDCS. These results showed that DLPFC anodal tDCS can modulate the sensory perception and pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers. This study suggests that tDCS may be a useful strategy for treating central neurogenic pain in rehabilitation medicine.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2240-2250
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• 2012

This study was to identify treatment effects of the shoulder control and strengthening exercise, on the subjects with secondary shoulder impingement syndrome at postmastectomy. The subjects were patients who visited our hospital due to secondary shoulder impingement syndrome(1-2 stage) at postmastectomy and they randomly allocated to two groups: a shoulder control and strengthening group (n=10) and a conservative therapy group (n=10). Both groups received conservative therapy for 5 sessions (40 minutes per week) for 4week. The shoulder control and strengthening exercises group practiced additional motor control and strengthening exercises for 60 minutes. Values of handgrip strength, pain(visual analog scale), upper extremity circumference, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, range of motion were compared with those of the conservative therapy group. There were significant differences in the amount of change of the range of motion and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale between the two groups (p<.05), however as a measure of handgrip strength, pain(visual analog scale), upper extremity circumference did not show a significant differences. These results suggest that a motor control and strengthening exercise program is feasible, secure and suitable for secondary shoulder impingement syndrome at postmastectomy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate Tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness and Headache attributed to temporomandibular joint disorder among Characteristic pain index, Disability points, Chronic pain grade, Depression index, Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items included), Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items excluded), Jaw disability score using RDC/TMD Axis II. Eighty five patients who visited the Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital were diagnosed as Tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness(n=48) and Headache attributed to temporomandibular joint disorder(n=37) by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition, and were administered the Korean versions of the RDC/TMD Axis II- Characteristic pain index, Disability points, Chronic pain grade, Depression index, Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items included), Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items excluded), Jaw disability score. Then it was analyzed statistically by SPSS(ver. 10.0). T-test, The Wilcoxon-signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05) were used. There were no significant differences in Characteristic pain index, Disability points, Chronic pain grade, Depression index, Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items included), Nonspecific physical symptoms (pain items excluded), Jaw disability score between two groups. Tension type headache associated with pericranial tenderness and Headache attributed to temporomandibular joint disorder showed similar Axis II feature. Tension-type headache associated with pericranial tenderness may be related to Headache attributed to temporomandibular joint disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.307-312
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• 2002

새로운 산업 구조와 변화된 사회 환경으로 인해 우리나라에서 최근 급증하고 있는 직업병 중의 하나가 직업 성 근골격계질환(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders, WMSDs)이다. 이 질환은 특정한 신체 부위의 반복 작업과 불편하고 부자연스러운 작업 자세, 강한 노동 강도, 과도한 힘, 불충분한 휴식, 추운 작업 환경, 진통 등이 원인이 되어 목, 어깨, 팔꿈치, 손목, 손가락, 허리, 다리 등 주로 관절 부위를 중심으로 근육과 혈관, 신경 등에 미세한 손상이 생겨 결국 통증과 감각 이상을 호소하는 근골격계질환의 만성적인 건강장해다.(중략)

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.361-370
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• 2012

The Purpose of this study was to find out the effects of frequency and intensity of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on the patients with chronic low back pain. The subjects were 32 patients with chronic low back pain average age 39.19 (${\pm}12.96$)years. The duration of chronic low back pain was 8.57 (${\pm}3.07$)months. The treatments were given 15 minutes once a day five a week for two weeks. to low back. Lumbar range of motion(ROM) and Oswestry Disabilitv Index(ODI)) was evaluated before and after TENS application. Each group was compared using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test. The results were as followings: Each group showed significant effect. High intensity group showed more effect in low frequency group. High intensity group showed more effect in high frequency group. Therefore, the high intensity can be used more effectively with high frequency for treating chronic low back pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.265-273
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• 2010

Understanding patients' expectation for health visits and providing appropriate care may increase patients' satisfaction with health care, leading to more positive treatment outcome. The study aimed to investigate expectations of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) at their first visit to university-based orofacial pain clinic and to evaluate any relation with duration of pain, presence of previous treatment, pain severity and pain interference. Inclusion criterion was patients aged over and 18 years old and diagnosed as TMD during 3 months' period from Aug to Nov 2010. They were asked to complete the questionnaires for patients' expectation and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at waiting room prior to consultation. 322 TMD patients participated in the study(M:F=1:1.5, mean age=36 years old). The study indicated that the most important top 3 expectations were 'cure of pain', 'understanding their problem' and 'doctor-patient communication' in order. This finding was not affected by gender, duration and previous treatment history but affected by sub-category of TMD and BPI pain severity and pain interference. 'Pain relief' and 'understanding their problems' were relatively highlighted in the patients with muscle disorders and combination (joint-muscle) disorders of TMD than those with joint disorders who wanted communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000). While expectation for pain relief was expected more with increase of pain severity and interference, patients with mild level of pain severity and interference expected communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000, 0.017, respectively). Based on the results of the study, though pain relief was the primary concern for TMD patients suffering from pain, their satisfaction with care may be increased by explanation for etiology and mechanism of TMD to make them understand their problems better and doctor-patient communication and collaborative decision-making for treatment. Importance of patient-centered consultations and availability of written material or web sites for patient information should be stressed out.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

Objectives : According to previous reports, heating-conduction acupuncture treatment is very effective for sprain and strain of ligament. But there was no report about pain aggravation by heating-conduction acupuncture and relief from bee venom injection. In this article, we report two cases of pain aggravation by heating-conduction acupuncture treatment and relief from bee venom injection. Methods : We used heating-conduction acupuncture treatment on possible sprain of sacroiliac ligament diagnosed by physical examination. Outcomes were measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Range of Motion(ROM) and Belt test, Goldthwait test. Results : The patient has shown an aggravation on pain and ROM. And after we use subcutaneous bee venom injection, pain has relieved and ROM improved. Belt test, Goldthwait test also changed from positive to negative. Conclusions : In this report, we assured the effect of Bee venom injection. Further well-designed, controlled studies and more cases are needed to differentiate the indication of heating-conduction acupuncture and bee venom injection.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.379-385
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to present basic data that is needed in comprehension of dysesthesia after mandibular nerve injury and grasp meaning. We analyzed medical records of 59 patients who were diagnosed as dysesthesia after mandibular nerve injury from January 2007 to July 2009. The results are summarized as follows. 1. The most frequent cause was implant surgery (59%) and the most frequent injured branch of mandibular nerve was inferior alveolar nerve(81%). 2. The period passed after nerve injury showed significant interrelationship with level of pain. Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) increased from 4.82 to 6.91 after 6 month. 3. The period passed after nerve injury did not show significant interrelationship with recovery of dysesthesia. But, when conservative treatment was offered at earlier stage, ratio of patients who showed recovery of symptom tended to increase. 4. In computed tomography, level of invasion into inferior alveolar nerve canal did not show significant interrelationship with level of pain and recovery of dysesthesia. Conclusively, in the patients with dysesthesia of mandibular nerve, inferior alveolar nerve injury by dental implant surgery dominated most significant problem. Although level of invasion into inferior alveolar nerve is the most important factor to initiation of dysesthesia, there are other various factors exert more influence on the level of pain or recovery of dysesthesia. Therefore, begining conservative therapy at earlier stage is encouraged. Also, because nerve injuries can occur without direct invasion into nerve canal, so leaving enough safe space from nerve canal is needed for prevention of indirect nerve injury.