• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.150-154
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• 2000

동사의 종류와 곡용, 논항의 종류와 격 등 문장의 상을 결정하는 요인들은 여러 가지이다(Tenny 1994). 그러나 실제 자연언어처리에서 상 결정 요소들의 복잡한 조합은 기계가 문장의 상을 파악하는 작업을 더욱 어렵게 만들뿐이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 상 결정 요인을 참조하지 않고 특정 부류의 부사에 의존하여 문장의 상을 결정하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 부사는 이른바 불변화사로 분류하는 품사 중의 하나로 통사적 혹은 형태소적 규칙의 적용을 받아 변형하지 않는다. 따라서 기계는 복잡한 형태소 분석을 통하지 않는 부사를 포착하기가 쉽다. 이와 같은 이점을 지닌 부사가 통사적 분석을 토대로 파악할 수 있는 문장의 의미인 상에 대한 표지임을 증명하여 자연언어처리의 간결함을 확보하고자 하는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2001.10d
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• pp.247-251
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• 2001

명사 의미 부류 체계는 언어 처리의 다양한 분야에서 그 필요성이 부각되고 있다. 예를 들어, 기계 번역에 있어서의 단어 의미의 중의성 해소(word sense disambiguation), 정보검색 시스템에서도 재현율과 정확률의 향상, 추론 시스템 등을 위하여 명사 의미 부류는 중요한 역할을 한다. 명사 의미 부류 체계의 이러한 중요성 때문에 여러 온톨로지(ontology)가 기존에 구축되어 있다. 그런데 이러한 온톨로지들은 대개 순수한 개념적 기준에 입각한 것이며 단어의 통사적 특성을 별로 고려하고 있지 않다. 정보검색 시스템이나 추론 시스템의 경우에는 통사적 고려가 별로 중요하지 않을 수 있으나 기계번역의 경우 통사적 특성에 대한 고려가 매우 중요하다. 이러한 점에 주목하여 21세기 세종계획 전자사전 분과에서는 개념적 기준과 통사적 기준을 모두 고려하여 명사 의미 부류 체계를 구축하고 있다. 즉, 해당 부류에 속하는 명사들이 결합할 수 있는 술어(적정 술어) 등의 통사적 요인을 중요시하여 명사들을 분류하고 있는 것이다. 이에 따라 세종 체언 사전의 모든 명사들에 대해 의미부류 정보가 주어지고, 용언 사전의 용언의 각 논항에 대한 선택제약 정보도 이 명사 의미부류 체계를 이용하여 제시되고 있다. 이러한 정보들은 한국어 처리에 중요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-36
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• 2017

This study investigated the correlation between learners' psychological and social factors and their syntactic complexity of speaking. The study collected samples of Korean spoken production of 61 learners with English, Chinese, Japanese and other L1 backgrounds and applied mini-TOPIK, mini-AMTB, and SASIQ for 70 minutes. The study found that: (i) integrative motivation showed positive correlation with a number of simple complex clauses, but instrumental motivation correlated negatively with a number of adverbial clauses, indicating that high motivation hindered producing highly complex clauses although it triggered producing simple complex clauses, (ii) social contact with L2 native speakers showed positive correlation with general L2 development and a number of simple complex clauses, but revealed negative correlation with double or triple complex clauses, (iii) hours of L2 listening showed very strong positive correlation with producing triple complex clauses and general proficiency, but indicated negative correlation with a number of simple complex clauses. The study reported that high motivation toward Korean learning and active social activities with Korean native speakers helped produce simple complex clauses while hours of listening to Korean helped produce triple complex clauses.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.333-352
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• 1994

이 글은 그 동안 '숙어' 또는 '관용어'라는 이름 하에 별 다른 구별 없이 일괄적으로 다루어져 왔던 현대 국어 관용구를 그의 형태적 통사적 의미론적 결합 관계의 특성에 따라 재분류하여 그들의 특성과 하위 분류 등을 밝혀 보았다. 즉, 관용구를 그 내적구조의 특성, 구성요소들 사이의 의미상의 관련성의 긴밀도, 어휘와의 정도에 따라, 어휘화된 정도가 가장 높고 긴밀도에 있어서도 가장 높고 내적구성에 있어서도 여러 가지 특성을 보이는 것을 '숙어'라 하고, 그 이외의 것을 '연어'라 했다. '연어'가 생겨난 요인에 따라 '형태적 연어'와 '통사적 연어', '의미적 연어'로 나누었다. 이러한 분류는 국어 관용구의 특성을 밝혀 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 이에 더 나아가 각 관용구의 특성에 따른 올바른 기술을 통해 국어의 특수한 어휘 결합에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 꾀할 수 있다고 본다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.469-499
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• 2016

The present study investigated the cognitive mechanism underlying online processing of Korean syntactic (for example, A bed/a clock belongs to/doesn't belong to the furniture "침대는/시계는 가구에 속한다/속하지 않는다") and lexical negation (for example, A tiger/a butterfly has/doesn't have a tail "호랑이는/나비는 꼬리가 있다/없다") using an ERP(Event-related potentials) technique and a truth-value verification task. 23 Korean native speakers were employed for the whole experiment and 15's brain responses (out of 23) were recorded for the ERP analysis. The behavioral results (i.e. verification task scores) show that there is universal pattern of the accuracy and response time for verification process: True-Affirmative (high accuracy and short latency) > False-Affirmative > False-Negated > True-Negated. However, the components (early N400 & P600) reflecting the immediate processing of a negation operator were observed only in lexical negation. Moreover, the ERP patterns reflecting an effect of truth value were not identical: N400 effect was observed in the true condition compared to the false condition in the lexically negated sentences, whereas Positivity effect (like early P600) was observed in the false condition compared to the true condition in the syntactically negated sentences. In conclusion, the form and location of negation operator varied by languages and negation types influences the strategy and pattern of online negation processing, however, the final representation resulting from different computational processing of negation appears to be language universal and is not directly affected by negation types.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.81
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• pp.267-297
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• 2018

Vowel raising in Korean has been primarily treated as a phonological, categorical change. This study aims to show how the Korean connective suffix {-go} is realized in various environments, and propose a principle of vowel raising based on both acoustic and perceptual data. To that end, we used a corpus of spoken Korean to analyze the types of syntactic constructions, the realization of prosodic boundaries (IP and PP), and the types of boundary tone associated with {-go}. It was found that the vowel tends to be raised most frequently in utterance-final position, while in utterance-medial position the vowel was raised more when the syntactic and prosodic distance between {-go} and the following constituent was smaller. The results for boundary tone also showed a correlation between vowel raising and the discourse function of the boundary tone. In conclusion, we propose that vowel raising is not simply an optional phenomenon, but rather a type of phonetic reduction related to the comprehension of the following constituent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.576-593
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• 2021

In this study, in order to investigate the factors that affect the percentage of correct answers and the degree of discrimination of the TOEIC test, a regression analysis was performed using corpus indicators that influence correct answer rate and the degree of discrimination for each part derived from the item analysis. The basic calculation word_length, consistency index LSA_overlap_adjacent_sentences, lexical diversity MTLD_VOCD, conjunction All_logical_causal_connectives_incidence, situational model casual_particles_causal_verbs_Ratio, syntactic complexity Left_embeddedness, and syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density were found to have negative effects. These factors that lower the correct answer rate can be utilized when setting learning goals. Vocabulary diversity index MTLD_VOCD, conjunction Additive_connectives_incidence, syntactic pattern density Infinitive_density, and lexical information person1_2_pronoun_incidence were found to have a positive effect. Factors influencing the increase in discrimination may provide important information for developing a learning program.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

This study investigated the response time and patterns of categorical perception of the wh-scope of an embedded clause with the non-bridge verb, "gung-geum hada 'wonder'," in the matrix verb phrase in Gyeongsang Korean. Using the same procedure as Yun (2022), 72 responses and response times for each stimulus were collected from 24 participants over the course of three trials. The stimuli were recorded readings of 40 speakers (20 male, 20 female). Context was provided to induce a matrix scope interpretation of the embedded wh-phrase in the target sentence. We sorted the 40 stimuli according to the number of matrix scope responses each received, and charted the response times for each stimulus. Although there was considerable overlap for the different types of wh-scope interpretations, there was a clear difference in categorical perception between the matrix and embedded scopes. The 24 participants also differed in their categorical perceptions. The results suggested that response time and wh-scope interpretation were not directly related and that two main weighted factors affected wh-scope interpretation: morpho-syntactic constraints and prosodic structural integrity. The weighting of each of these factors was inversely correlated and varied among subjects.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.288-295
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• 1989

언어사용 목적이 효율적인 정보교환에 있다. 정보교환에 필요한 의미는 하나의 문에서보다는 담화에서 전달되기 때문에 담화분석을 토대로 의미, 형식, 기능의 관계를 검토하여 언어의 한 현상을 기술하는 것이 보다 중요하다. 본 연구는 자료분석을 토대로 한국 설화문에서 주제표현의 방식과 연속성의 정도를 살펴보았다. 측정된 구문들은 영조응, 인칭대명사, 지시대명사, 지시사 뒤에 오는 명사, 소유격을 따르는 명사, 한정적 명사. 비한정적 명사, 조건절, 모두 8개 구조들이다. 이들은 주제표현의 연속성 정도의 차이를 보여 준다. 이는 이들의 통사적 특징이외에 다른 화용상의 요인들이 작용함으로 생기는 현상이다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Carrier billing services market is growing according to the technical development. This study investigated the limiting factor in carrier billing services and suggested the improvement factor for it using the Delphi Method. The amount money to use in carrier billing charges should be provided in their credit based and the accumulated payment using a text message is displayed and also telecommunications carriers and carrier billing firms are the least responsible for consumer harm. It also provides administrative responsibility for communications carriers and billing services company for non recognition and payment. The service provider to prove negligence not proven by consumer and telecommunications billing service delinquency rate is applied at a rate such as a credit card and it also should integrate retail payment and service fee. This study will contribute to the communication billing services market growth through improved communication billing service. Further research is needed to continue the study of the factors that emerged from communication and billing services due to emerging technologies and services.