• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2011

지반공학적으로 흙의 함수비는 흙의 역학적 거동특성을 예측할 수 있는 중요한 인자이다. 통례적으로 흙의 함수비는 $105^{\circ}C$ 건조로에서 16~24시간 동안 건조해 함수비 값을 구한다. 현재 이러한 방법은 가장 보편적인 방법이며 많은 실험 데이타가 축척되어 있으나, 동시에 현장에서 사용하기에는 많은 시간을 필요로 하고 문제 발생 시 신속한 대책마련이 어렵다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해서 외국의 실험규정(ASTM, JGS)에서는 microwave oven을 이용한 함수비 측정법이 제정되어 있다. 또한 microwave oven에 의한 함수비의 신뢰성 평가에 관한 연구도 많이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 주문진표준사, 카올리나이트, 벤토나이트, 화강풍화토, 유기토 등을 대상으로 microwave oven을 이용한 함수비 측정방법의 타당성을 확인했다. 신뢰성에 영향을 미치는 인자에 대해서 분석하고 신뢰성을 높이기 위한 방법에 대해서 고찰하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.161-189
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• 2006

This paper is aiming at analyzing case law of India in relation with reasonable time to make decision whether to accept or to refuse the documents received from the presenter in credit transactions. As specified in UCP, the failure to refuse to accept the documents within a reasonable time precludes the Issuing Bank, Confirming Bank (if any) and Nominated Bank from asserting that they are discrepant. Compliance of the stipulated documents on their face with the terms and conditions of the credit shall be determined by international standard banking practice as reflected in this Articles of UCP 500. The Issuing bank is only to be held responsible for honoring the documents presented by beneficiary through the nominated banks if they are strictly in compliance with terms and conditions of the Credit. As any well experienced banker knows, however, a word-by-word, letter-by-letter correspondence between the documents and the credit terms means a practical impossibility. Thus the notion of reasonable care in conjunction with the doctrine of strict compliance mixed with International Standard Banking Practices has not played a right functional standard for checking the documents as stipulated in the credit and UCP 500. And so the rejection rate is highly estimated at approximately 50% in EU and 40 to 70% according to their geographical locations in the USA. As a result, it can possibly be inferred from this fact that the credit industry would be facing the functional failure as the international trade credit facility, if not supported with motive power as a relevant scheme in UCP 500. It is quite important to note that UCP 500 Article 13(b) which specify the time limit for the banks to notify the presenter their decision not to accept the documents within a reasonable time not to exceed seven banking days following the day of receipt of documents would be the motive engine to improve the negotiability of documents in international trade financial facility.