• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to contribute to improvement of educational environment by analysing all problems related to environment around the school. To accomplish this purpose, this study was carried out by examining the problems in controlling the areas required for cleanup with 220 teachers in charging the cleanup duties of the primary and secondary schools in Taegu between June 1 and July 15, 1993 and by actually surveying the prejudical business stores around 72 primary schools between August 10 and September 20, 1993. Although most teachers answered to the questionnaires that it is necessary to cleanup the bad environment around the school, the duties of its cleanup tend not to be considered as an important matter. The teachers considered that the most prejudical business store around the school is totally the game room, and in such order as comic books' store, liquor selling shop and causing noise and pollution. 57.3% of total respondents answered that the present cleanup movements have resulted in failure mostly because of both supervising authorities' careless promotion and store owners' excessive commercial transactions. The result of actual survey in environmental and sanitary cleanup area around 72 primary schools showed that the greatest number of 1,258 prejudical stores was the video tapes shop, and then in such order as lodgings, and game rooms, while the number of prejudical store by the schools was 17.5 stores per school on the average which showed a various distribution from zero to 77 places. In general, these prejudical stores were mainly located around the schools in Jung-gu and Seo-gu areas. In addition, it was shown that the more the number of students, the more the number of the prejudical stores. In order to improve the environment around the school, it is necessary to strictly carry out the zoning system relating to the usage of land, to strongly restrict the stores without permit and abnormal stores and to establish the basis asking the city development authorities to go through the environmental evaluation. Moreover, it is absolutely required to make efforts to establish the national right sense of education, and to closely cooperate with the related authorities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.235-248
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• 2010

This study was carried out to the actual conditions and improvement of the eco-forests master plan in South Korea, and suggested its problems and improvement direction. Results from survey and analysis of limiting factors or constraints in the construction plans of eco-forests in Korea revealed that there were highly frequent problems involving site feasibility, topographic aspect, and existing vegetation. The results of survey on the status of land use indicated that the average ratio of the use of private estate was 29.7%, so then it was estimated that a great amount of investment in purchase of eco-forest site would be required. Results from survey on major introduced facilities showed that there was high frequency of introduction of infrastructure, building facility, recreational facility, convenience facility, and information facility, and that there was low frequency of introduction of plant culture system, ecological facility, structural symbol and sculpture, and the likes. There was just one eco-forest park where more than 500 species of plants grew, and the result of investigation indicated that the diversity of plant species in 11 eco-forest parks was lower than the standards for construction of eco-forest. Results from analysis of the projects costs revealed that investment cost in facilities was higher than planting costs, and that a large amount of investment was made in the initial stage of the project. There was no planned budget for the purpose of cultivating and maintaining the plants and vegetation after construction of eco-forest. The basic concepts in construction of eco-forests were established according to the guidelines presented by the Korea Forest Service; however, the detailed work of the project was planned with its user-oriented approach. Then the construction of eco-forest was being planned following the directions, which would lead to development of a plant garden similar to arboretum or botanical garden. Therefore, it is required that the architect who designs eco-forest as well as the public officer concerned firmly establish the concepts of eco-forest, and that, through close analysis of development conditions, a candidate site to fit the purpose of constructing eco-forest be selected, and also a substantive management plan be established upon completion of construction of eco-forest.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.208-219
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• 2009

This study is to establish a management method for conservation through comparison and analysis on vegetation structures of Pinus densiflora forest around Beopjusa area for past 17-year. The spatial range of the study was $3.6km^2$ from maintenance office to Beopjusa area. The analysis results of the actual vegetation showed that the ratio of vegetation were composed of 64.7% of Pinus densiflora forest, 3.2% of mixed forest of P. densiflora and deciduous broadleaf trees and 5.9% of deciduous broadleaf tree community out of overall area, 360ha. The type of P. densiflora forest were categorized into four communities; community having high potential of succession, community having low potential of it, the community being in the process of succession and community being in the process of natural selection. The succession tendency was in order of the community having low potential of succession(P. densiflora forest), having high potential of it(P. densiflora forest which is deciduous broadleaf trees are dominating in sub-canopy layer), being in the process of succession(P. densiflora-Prunus sargentii and P. densiflora-Quercus serrata community) and being in the process of natural selection(Q. serrata-P. densiflora and Q. aliena-P. densiflora community). In terms of vegetation management, P. densiflora forest having high potential of succession was needed to remove deciduous broadleaf trees in the sub-canopy layer and the community being in the process of succession was required to be pruning the branch in the canopy layer. Lastly, the community being in the process of natural selection was suggested to let it be in succession, since it is hard to be in the status of P. densiflora Forest.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-169
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• 2015

Our society has been changed so rapidly and we have achieved industrialization and democratization swiftly. On our Economic growth and democratization, it is appraised that Christian Thought and western Capitalism thoughts have been one of the important factors. John Calvin, well known Reformer and thinker of Protestant, as M. Weber assessed, contributed greatly to the progress of Capitalism. He was a Religion Reformer as M. Luther and especially a thinker and man of deed, who affected large areas of human life such as Religion, Economy, Society and Politics. Calvin understood Economy is the main issue of theology and Economic activities can be a position which may restore the correct relationship of God and Man. This Paper aimed to survey, synthesize and systemize the Economy and Management thought of J. Calvin. On these changing current society, it surveyed if His thoughts that has long history, can be applicable or not and Where and How it may. Calvin's Thought not only on his age caused important changes and Reformation but now suggests critical milestones. His Thoughts of Love, Justice, and Fairness based on the Bible have been evaluated as the universal truth and important criteria. Until nowadays his Philosophy has composed critical Principles of decision making rules of Economy and Management and National policies. Especially today, when economy has been more emphasized as a center of our lives, His Thought suggests momentous directions on various Human Life such as Justice and Fairness, deepening of gap between poor and rich, expansion of conflicts among social classes, employment and wages, freedom of markets and its balance, and public good of land use. Reviewing Calvin's Economy and Management thoughts as meaningful basis on the our and world Economy which became worse caused by world monetary crisis and Europe financial crisis that aroused by world Economy globalization and expansion of neo-liberalism, this Paper suggested some future directions. And for the practical sectors, Distribution and Logistics, it proposed some issues and Directions, considering the impacts of His thoughts on the Industries. Nevertheless it can deliver some contributions, as a literature research, it reveals some limitations that it may contain lacking of practical investigations and cases on economy and management fields. In the future, more detailed and deeper research on the practical and situations of economy and management shall be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.148-160
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• 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to deliver a climate analysis and evaluation method based on GIS by using airborne LiDAR data and Biotop type map and to provide spatial information of climate analysis and evaluation based on Biotop type Map. At first stage, the area, slope, slope length, surface, wind corridor function and width, and obstacle factors were analyzed to obtain cold/fresh air production and wind corridor evaluation. In addition, climate evaluation was derived from those two results in the second stage. Airborne LiDAR data are useful in wind corridor analysis during the study. Correlation analysis results show that ColdAir_GRD grade was highly correlated with Surface_GRD (-0.967461139) and WindCorridor_ GRD was highly correlated with Function_GRD (-0.883883476) and Obstacle_GRD (-0.834057656). Climate Evaluation GRID was highly correlated with WindCorridor_GRD (0.927554516) than ColdAir_GRD (0.855051646). Visual validations of climate analysis and evaluation results were performed by using aerial ortho-photo image, which shows that the climate evaluation results were well related with in-situ condition. At the end, we applied climate analysis and evaluation by using Biotop map and airborne LiDAR data in Gwangmyung-Shiheung City, candidate for the Bogeumjari Housing District. The results show that the aerial percentile of the 1st Grade is 18.5%, 2nd Grade is 18.2%, 3rd Grade is 30.7%, 4th Grade is 25.2%, and 5th Grade is 7.4%. This study process provided both the spatial analysis and evaluation of climate information and statistics on behalf of each Biotop type.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.103-115
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the properties of cold air production and its flow of Nakdong-Jeongmaek(mountain ranges), and to suggest management strategies for Nakdong-Jeongmaek in order to enhance the green air conditioning functions of Jeongmaek. For this purpose, three study sites including Gudeoksan Mountain and the vicinity in Busan, Goheonsan Mountain and the vicinity in Ulsan, and Unjusan Mountain and the vicinity in Pohang were selected. The results found that cold air flow and its height of the three study sites were analyzed based on topographic properties and land use. Management strategies for preserving and enhancing their temperature reduction functions were suggested. The cold air produced in the vicinity of Gudeoksan was not fully developed and spread because of the high-density development at the border of Jeongmaek. Since high pressures of development are expected at the border, high conservation policies are required. In the vicinity of Goheonsan, where the agricultural complex and industrial park are located, cold air flows well throughout the entire study site thanks to fully developed cold air in the wide, flat valley. Hence, plans to maintain the current cold air flow are required, and conservation plans to mitigate future developments are also needed in the flat valley. The cold air in Unjusan and the vicinity with its complex and narrow mountain valleys gradually develops into valley bottoms. In order to take advantage of the terrain, the valley near the cold air production areas are preserved. In particular, special plans are required to prevent damage to the cold air layer near Youngcheonho Lake, where the highest height of cold air was recorded due to the closed and lower terrain feature. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of Nakdong-Jeongmaek to preserve and enhance its green air conditioning functions.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.115-127
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• 2018

This study aims to propose management strategies of ventilation paths for improving urban thermal environments. For this purpose, Gimhae-si in Gyeongsangnamdo was selected as a study area. We analyzed hot spots and cool spots in Gimhae by using Landsat 8 satellite image data and spatial statistical analysis, and finally derived the vulnerable areas to thermal environment. In addition, the characteristics of ventilation paths including wind direction and wind speed were analyzed by using data of the wind resource map provided by Korea Meteorological Administration. As a result, it was found that a lot of hot spots were similar to those with weak wind such as Jinyoung-eup, Jillye-myeon, Juchon-myeon and the downtown area. Based on the analysis, management strategies of ventilation paths in Gimhye were presented as follows. Jinyoung-eup and Jillye-myeon with hot spot areas and week wind areas have a strong possibility that hot spot areas will be extended and strengthened, because industrial areas are being built. Hence, climate-friendly urban and architectural plans considering ventilation paths is required in these areas. In Juchon-myeon, where industrial complexes and agricultural complexes are located, climate-friendly plans are also required because high-rise apartment complexes and an urban development zone are planned, which may induce worse thermal environment in the future. It is expected that a planning of securing and enlarging ventilation paths will be established for climate-friendly urban management. and further the results will be utilized in urban renewal and environmental planning as well as urban basic plans. In addition, we expect that the results can be applied as basic data for climate change adaptation plan and the evaluation system for climate-friendly urban development of Gimhye.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-39
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• 1993

This study aims to analyze the locational factors which the small firm enterpreneurs in Pusan City mainly consider in deciding location choices for their plants, and then to grasp the differences of the factors in terms of nature of firms, managerial personal characteristics and zoning areas. In order to implement the purpose of the rescarch, data are collected from selected small firm enterpreneurs throughthe questionaire. The main results are summerized as follows. First, it is pointed out that small firm indu-strialists for the regional choice consider crucial rationale as non-economic factor of personal reson with additional consideration of transpor-tation, infrastructure, service, market and labor forces. But in selection of site, they are apt to have high regard on the such factors as infra-structure, service, land and transportation factor. These factors to select the site demonstrate differentiation in terms of character of enter-prises, managerial characteristics and zoning areas. For example, land in the light of indu-strial sector is regarded as an important factor with longer the time of the establishment of firms or more aged or experienced enterpreneurs, wheras infrastructure and service in the heavy and chemical industrial sector are taken up as an important one with shorter the time of establishment of firms or less aged or experienced or higher educational background of enterpren-eurs. In addition, the non-economic factors such as the residential livebility and personal reason are picked up as important factors with smaller the firm or more aged or experienced, lesser educational background of entrepreneurs. Taking into consideration zoning area, infra-structure and service in the industrial area such as the exclusive and semi-industrial areas, land in green belt area, and transportation in the commercial and residential areas are singled out as the most important factors respectively. In addition, the non-economic factors of the resi-dential livability and personal reason in the non-industrial areas are also highly regarded. Second, land is picked up as the most impor-tant one of pulling factors toward the present site while other factors such as infrastructure, service, personal reason are also regarded as the secondary reason for the move-in decision; the pulling factors for the present plant location show somewhat differences in terms of the charcter of the enterprises, managerial chara-cteristics and zoning areas. Policy measures including land, infrastructure under the environmental aspects, service and transportations are, in turn, pointed out as the important ones for pushing factors. Meanwhile, as the important staying factor in the present place, transportation, infrastructure and service under the aspect of the agglomeration benefit, market, personal reason are considered. The pushing and staying factors also shows somewhat distinctive differences in terms of the character of enterprises, managerial chracteristics and zoning area. In the case of zoning area, land is regarded as the most important factor to move out, especially in the non-industrial areas inclu-ding the commerical and residential areas policy measures, infrastructure and service are indicated as important factors to move out. In the mean-time, as the important staying factor, industria-lists in the exclusive and semi-industrial areas point out transportation, infrastructure and service. Whereas the counterparts in the com-mercial area regard transportation and market as important factor, those in the residential area consider the non-economic factors such as personal reason and residential livability. Taking into consideration the result of this analysis, it is identified that the locational chara-cteristics of the intraurban small firm industries are not only associated with the character of enterprises, but also with manager's personal character and the trait of zoning area. Therefore, it seems that the thorough review or examination of enterprises, industrialists' characteristics and zoning areas will have meanin-gful significance in attemption explanation of small firm industries at the intrauban scale in the future. Especially, it appears that the eco-nomic factors such as land, infrastructure, service, transportation, and the non-economic factors such as residential livability and personal reason play together important parts to determine the locational choice of small firm industries along with non-industrial benefit. Thus, such status reveals the obvious implication for the intraurban industrial policy in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 2010

The abiotic factors and the vegetation naturalness of the 13 tributary wetlands around Namgang-River were assessed to investigate the present state and to present the conservation counter plan for the wetland ecosystem of the tributaries. Assessment indices for the abiotic factors were estimated based on the dominant land use types of the riparian zone, ecological function of the upper levee, levee slope structure, artificiality and utilization intensity of the waterfront, artificiality of the revetment structure, diversity of the substrate, and severance of the transverse. The assessment index of Omi-cheon is the highest among 13 tributaries. The second was Banseong-cheon and third was Hyangyang-cheon, followed by Nabul-cheon and Yeongcheon-gang and Sugok-cheon, Jungchon- cheon, and Daegok-cheon in their order and Munsan-cheon got the lowest assessment index. Assessment indices for the vegetation naturalness were estimated based on the vegetation diversity, exotic species dominance, annual herb dominance, naturalness and peculiarity of the vegetation, and species diversity. The assessment index of Omi-cheon is the highest among 13 tributaries. The second was Sugok-cheon and third was Banseong-cheon, followed by Yeongcheon-gang, Jungchon- cheon, Jinae-cheon, Nabul-cheon, and Jisu-cheon in their order, and Yonga-cheon got the lowest assessment index. The grades of the stream naturalness were estimated based on the the naturalness indices for the abiotic factors and the vegetation naturalness. The grades of Omi-cheon is the highest among 13 tributaries as the grade I. Those of Banseong-cheon, Sugok-cheon, Yeongcheon-gang, Nabul-cheon and Jungchon-cheon, Hyangyang-cheon, Jinae-cheon, Jisu-cheon, Daegok-cheone, and Munsan-cheon and Doksan-cheon were grade II in their order, and Yonga-cheon got the lowest as the grade III. It was suggested that restoration of the simple and flat substrate, create the natural vegetation on the levee slope constructed with concrete or stone wall, and rehabilitation of the eco-bridge were demanded to improve the grades of the stream naturalness through the restoration of the tributaries for the diverse aquatic wildlife, high vegetation diversity and species diversity with the vegetation consisted of perennial herbs and trees.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.209-225
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• 1997

Today, rapid progress of urbanization is discovered commonly in many countries, especially in developing countries, which has led to spatial order and development process of city. Historically, Taegu was a walled city and formed mono-nucleus which was restricted by the castle. As the city grew gradually, the castle was removed as a result of diversification in traffic network, change of socio-economic environment, formation of industrial base and functional distribution. According to reconstruction maps of residential patterns, there was distinctive residential segregation among ethnic groups. Koreans in Taegu in 1939, aggregated densely in the southern and western parts of the city. The Japanese were concentrated densely in the northern and eastern parts of Taegu. And the street pattern within residential areas of the Korean people was shaped like a maze type in contrast with Japanese residential areas, which showed grid pattern of streets. This is another general pattern of almost all colonial cities, especially in Asia. Through this process, today it appears that, out of overall residential areas which occupy the highest ratio in urban land use, those for eminent people influence the functional development of urban spatial structure very heavily as a key point in urban residetial structure. Truly, residential segregation can be seen as the spatial manifestation of uneven distribution of such important scarce resources as housing and residential environment. In this study, the characteristics of locational distribution of the eminent people show their socially and economically stabilized standing in Taegu, taking the aforesaid situation as a background of the study. And the process of this study is as follows ; to examine the forming process of residential areas in the city as a theoretical supporting, to put in order on classical interpretation to formation of residential areas, and general type modern residential areas formation, and economic decision factor of land use. Therefore, this study aims to examine growth and development of eminent persons' residential areas and, at the same time, extract locational characteristics through the pattern of eminent persons' location and predict changes in the future.